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Fast Inter Mode Decision Algorithm Based on Mode Mapping and Decision Tree for P Frames in MPEG-2 to H.264/AVC transcoding

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JOURNAL OF SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS FOR SIGNAL IMAGE AND VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2015年第1期79卷 33-43页

作者： Wang, Ping Zhang, Xiaodan Huang, Hua Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Dept Informat & Commun Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China Beijing Inst Technol Sch Comp Sci Beijing Key Lab Intelligent Informat Technol Beijing 100081 Peoples R China

There is an inevitable requirement of transcoding from MPEG-2 to H.264/AVC in many video applications. Due to the use of variable block sizes and rate-distortion optimization techniques in H.264, there is extremely high computational complexity in the reference cascaded transcoder. To reduce the complexity, this paper presents a fast inter mode decision algorithm for P frames in MPEG-2 to H.264/AVC transcoding. Firstly, with the statistical analysis of the correlation between the MB's coding mode in MPEG-2 and the corresponding mode in H.264/AVC, the proposed algorithm directly determines the candidate modes for some special MBs based on the mode mapping rules. Then for other MBs, machine learning tools are used to exploit the correlation between the residual MB information in MPEG-2 and the coding mode in H.264/AVC, and the decision tree is derived to determine the candidate modes. The proposed algorithm efficiently reduces the number of candidate modes in H.264/AVC encoder. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve 60 % of transcoding time saving on average with the less PSNR degradation and bitrate increase, comparing with the reference cascaded transcoder.

关键词： transcoding MPEG-2 H.264/AVC Mode decision Mode mapping Decision tree

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Intelligent Caching for Seamless High-Quality Streaming in Vehicular Networks: A Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Approach

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT VEHICLES

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT VEHICLES 2024年第2期9卷 3672-3686页

作者： Choi, Minseok Xiang, Tiange Kim, Joongheon Kyung Hee Univ Dept Elect Engn Yongin 17104 South Korea Korea Univ Sch Elect Engn Seoul 01008 South Korea

With the rapid advancement of autonomous vehicles, there is a growing demand for infotainment services that require high-quality and delay-sensitive video content. This paper proposes a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) approach for video cache replacement and delivery in mobility-aware vehicular networks. Unlike previous studies, our work focuses on videos of finite lengths and incorporates dynamic cache replacement, optimizing this alongside the delivery of individual video chunks. Considering the challenge of obtaining complete network state information at a central unit (e.g., macro base station), we adopt a MADRL framework to enable roadside units (RSUs) to autonomously decide on video caching and delivery strategies, leveraging partial information from neighboring RSUs. We evaluate the proposed method using various quality-of-service (QoS) metrics. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that our scheme consistently delivers high average video quality while reducing playback stalls, replacement costs, and backhaul usage.

关键词： Streaming media Bit rate transcoding Resource management Quality of service Costs Vehicle dynamics Multi-agent reinforcement learning video streaming vehicular network wireless caching

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A cloud-based transcoding with partial content protection scheme

A cloud-based transcoding with partial content protection sc...

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International Conference on Innovative Computing Technology (INTECH)

作者： Rizwan Ali Shah Mamoona N. Asghar Laraib Fazal Martin Fleury Department of Computer Science & IT The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Punjab Pakistan School of Computing and Electronic Engineering University of Essex Colchester United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781509020010

Multimedia content is now routinely distributed between devices across global networks. These devices differ in their video rendering capability in terms of frame rate, quality, and spatial resolution. To facilitate content exchange between such devices it is necessary to transcode the video format; otherwise no exchange can take place. To prolong battery life on mobile devices, transcoding may take place remotely on a cloud data center and in which case content protection is advisable. This paper presents an effective multimedia content protection technique that removes the need to decrypt the video prior to transcoding. It does this by partially encrypting the compressed video in such a way that it is decoder-format compliant. The demonstrated scheme allows the transcoder to transrate the video to a desired bit-rate without spending time in encryption/ decryption before decoding the video. In this way, the content and decryption keys are not exposed to third party software at the remote cloud data center and there is no need for complex key management software at the cloud. Consequently, the proposed scheme significantly simplifies cloud-based processing compared to previous schemes.

关键词： transcoding Streaming media Encryption Cloud computing Bit rate Decoding

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A robust video watermarking scheme to scalable recompression and transcoding

A robust video watermarking scheme to scalable recompression...

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International Conference on Electronics Information and Emergency Communication

作者： Xin Li Xingjun Wang Wenming Yang Xu Wang Graduate School at Shenzhen Tsinghua University Shenzhen China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509019984

In this paper, we present a simple but effective video watermarking scheme robust enough against scalable lossy recompression and transcoding. Most of video watermarking algorithms use DCT or DWT, but few of those method can withstand scalable recompression or transcoding. Algorithms with DWT and DCT usually based on specific encoding format, so the watermark will be lost after transform embedded video to other encoding formats. In our method, we use scene change to choose frames to embed watermark, so it can resist attack of aimless frame dropping. We use Arnold transformation to enhance the imperceptibility of the watermark. Our watermark is a fixed-size binary image, after Arnold transformation, it is uniformly embedded to the chosen frames by a spatial random mapping algorithm. The watermark after embedding to the frame has a high imperceptibility. The proposed algorithm allows blind detection without use of origin video. The embedded watermark can be extracted in a low resolution video recompressed from an embedded high resolution video or transcoded from other format embedded video.

关键词： Watermarking Transforms Robustness transcoding Bit error rate Motion pictures

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Interface MB-Based Video Content Editing transcoding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2015年第2期25卷 261-274页

作者： Liu, Yu Duan, Jizhong Wang, Shaochu Song, S. H. Tianjin Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect & Comp Engn Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

In practical multimedia systems, the content of coded video streams often needs to be re-edited at the nodes of transmitting networks. For example, logo insertion is always required for copyright protection at different local transmitting nodes. This kind of video stream editing is denoted as video content editing transcoding (VCET) in this paper. Though some techniques have been suggested for VCET, these methods cannot meet the requirement of dynamic transmitting bandwidth in practical applications. In this paper, we proposed an interface macroblock-based transcoding scheme for VCET, which can reuse the variable length codes of the original video streams as much as possible to achieve the best VCET quality. In order to ensure that the edited video streams can be transmitted by the original bandwidth, we also proposed a rate control algorithm for VCET, which can accurately control the bitrate of edited video streams according to the frame level coding bits of the original video streams. Experimental results showed that the proposed scheme achieved substantially better results in bitrate accuracy, computational complexities, and video quality than many other existing schemes.

关键词： Content editing interface MB (IMB) rate control transcoding

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Fast CU partition for H.264/AVC to HEVC transcoding based on fisher discriminant analysis

Fast CU partition for H.264/AVC to HEVC transcoding based on...

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IEEE Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP)

作者： Dongdong Zhang Jie Tong Di Zang Computer Science Department Tongji University Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509053179

In this paper, a fast CU partition algorithm for H.264 to HEVC transcoding based on Fisher Discriminant Analysis is proposed. Using the classification model built with the extracted features from H.264 bitstream, the CU splitting of depth 0 and 1 can be directly determined without rate distortion optimization process, and a simple mode mapping method is used to determine CU splitting in depth 2. To ensure the accuracy of classification model, an online learning strategy is designed to update the model thresholds and weight vectors in time. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm obtains a speed-up to 1.90× on average with 2.75% BD-rate loss under the low-delay P configuration.

关键词： Training Feature extraction Classification algorithms Partitioning algorithms Testing transcoding

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Dynamic Resource Provisioning for Video transcoding in IaaS Cloud

Dynamic Resource Provisioning for Video Transcoding in IaaS ...

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IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications

作者： S. M. Farhad Md. Saiful Islam Bappi Ashikee Ghosh Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Eng. Bangladesh Univ. of Eng. & Technol. Dhaka Bangladesh

ISBN: (纸本)9781509042982

High-definition video applications are often challenging for mobile devices due to their limited processing capability and bandwidth-constrained network connection. Video transcoding has become an inevitable technology for on-demand video streaming service which needs to be done on the go in real-time for mobile devices. Since video transcoding involves extensive computation, performing transcoding using cloud resource is more cost friendly and time effective. It is challenging to use the cloud resources for video transcoding that minimises the operating cost. In this paper, we propose a dynamic resource provisioning algorithm for allocating virtual machine to scale video transcoding services on a given IaaS cloud and conducted experiments in CloudSim and compared the proposed system with conventional system. The experimental results show that the proposed system outperforms the conventional systems.

关键词： transcoding IaaS Cloud

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On-the-fly QoE-Aware transcoding in the Mobile Edge

On-the-fly QoE-Aware Transcoding in the Mobile Edge

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IEEE Global Communications Conference

作者： Sunny Dutta Tarik Taleb Pantelis A. Frangoudis Adlen Ksentini Aalto University IRISA Rennes Eurecom Institute Sophia Antipolis

ISBN: (纸本)9781509013296

To enhance video streaming experience for mobile users, we propose an approach towards Quality-of-Experience (QoE) aware on-the-fly transcoding. The proposed approach relies on the concept of Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) as a key enabler in enhancing service quality. Our scheme involves an autonomic creation of a transcoding service as a Virtual Network Function (VNF) and ensures dynamic rate switching of the streamed video to maintain the desirable quality. This edge-assistive transcoding and adaptive streaming results in reduced computational loads and reduced core network traffic. The proposed solution represents a complete miniature content delivery network infrastructure on the edge, ensuring reduced latency and better quality of experience.

关键词： transcoding Quality of service Mobile experience

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Cloud-Edge Learning for Adaptive Video Streaming in B5G Internet of Things Systems

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IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 2024年第24期11卷 40140-40148页

作者： Zhan, Haoyu Fan, Lisheng Li, Chao Lei, Xianfu Li, Feng Guangzhou Univ Sch Comp Sci Guangzhou 511400 Peoples R China Southwest Jiaotong Univ Prov Key Lab Informat Coding & Transmiss Chengdu 610031 Peoples R China Shandong Univ Sch Comp Sci & Technol Qingdao 266237 Peoples R China

The development of Internet of Things (IoT) networks causes an increasing demand for high-quality video streaming, which results in the burden of traditional mobile cloud computing (MCC) networks, such as high energy consumption and dissatisfaction with the user's Quality of Experience (QoE). To address this issue, mobile-edge computing (MEC) networks have recently been widely employed for high-quality video streaming scenarios under time-varying wireless channels. However, in MEC networks, limited resources deteriorate the video transmission rate and the quality of videos. Therefore, in this article, we investigate a MEC network with cloud-edge integration for adaptive bitrate (ABR) video streaming, where the edge server (ES) performs cloud-edge selection to decide whether the requested video should be directly obtained from the cloud server (CS) or through a transcoding process. We first design edge caching and transcoding processes to enhance resource utilization and reduce computational consumption through bitrate adaptation strategy and cloud-edge selection decision. Moreover, we utilize the energy efficiency by jointly considering the user's QoE and energy consumption to measure the network's performance, and then formulate the optimization objective to maximize energy efficiency. In further, we employ a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG)-based scheme to solve the optimization problem by applying video quality adaptation technique, allocating computational resources and transmit power. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme accomplishes superior energy efficiency compared to the competing schemes at least 41.1%.

关键词： Streaming media Bit rate Quality of experience Cloud computing transcoding Servers Resource management Adaptive video streaming deep reinforcement learning (DRL) mobile-edge computing (MEC) resource allocation

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Fast Video transcoding from HEVC to VP9

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2015年第3期61卷 336-343页

作者： de la Torre, Enrique Rodriguez-Sanchez, Rafael Luis Martinez, Jose Univ Castilla La Mancha Albacete Res Inst Informat Albacete 02071 Spain UJI Dept Ingn & Ciencia Comp Castellon de La Plana Spain

HEVC and VP9 are the current state-of-the-art in video compression, since their bit-streams were recently finalized in January and May 2013, respectively. These codecs are the generational successors of the currently most widely-used video codecs, H.264/AVC and VP8, respectively. Consequently, it is expected that in the near future these new codecs will replace their predecessors. However, the process of converting video contents compressed with one standard to those using another standard is highly computationally expensive, since a priori the video contents must be decompressed and compressed with the target video encoder. Nevertheless, it is known that some information can be extracted from the decoding process in order to accelerate the encoding process. In this paper, some techniques for transcoding from HEVC to VP9 are presented. By using some information extracted from the HEVC decoding process some coding modes will be discarded from being checked in the VP9 encoder. By applying the proposed approaches, a reduction of about 60% of the coding complexity is achieved with acceptable Rate Distortion penalties.

关键词： transcoding HEVC VP9

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