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Efficient Realization of BCD Multipliers Using FPGAs

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RECONFIGURABLE COMPUTING 2017年第1期2017卷 2410408.1-2410408.12页

作者： Gao, Shuli Al-Khalili, Dhamin Langlois, J. M. Pierre Chabini, Noureddine Royal Mil Coll Canada Dept Elect & Comp Engn Kingston ON Canada Ecole Polytech Montreal Dept Comp Engn Montreal PQ Canada

In this paper, a novel BCD multiplier approach is proposed. The main highlight of the proposed architecture is the generation of the partial products and parallel binary operations based on 2-digit columns. 1 x 1-digit multipliers used for the partial product generation are implemented directly by 4-bit binary multipliers without any code conversion. The binary results of the 1 x 1-digit multiplications are organized according to their two-digit positions to generate the 2-digit column-based partial products. A binary-decimal compressor structure is developed and used for partial product reduction. These reduced partial products are added in optimized 6-LUT BCD adders. The parallel binary operations and the improved BCD addition result in improved performance and reduced resource usage. The proposed approach was implemented on Xilinx Virtex-5 and Virtex-6 FPGAs with emphasis on the critical path delay reduction. Pipelined BCDmultipliers were implemented for 4 x 4, 8 x 8, and 16 x 16-digit multipliers. Our realizations achieve an increase in speed by up to 22% and a reduction of LUT count by up to 14% over previously reported results.

关键词： partial product transcoding Field programmable gate arrays Binary operation binary-coded decimal (BCD) Multiplying circuits

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QoE-Oriented 3D Video transcoding for Mobile Streaming

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA COMPUTING COMMUNICATIONS AND APPLICATIONS 2012年第3期8卷 42-42页

作者： Liu, Yanwei Ci, Song Tang, Hui Ye, Yun Liu, Jinxia Chinese Acad Sci Inst Acoust Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Univ Nebraska Lincoln Peter Kiewit Inst 200B Omaha NE 68182 USA Zhejiang Wanli Univ Ningbo 315100 Zhejiang Peoples R China

With advance in mobile 3D display, mobile 3D video is already enabled by the wireless multimedia networking, and it will be gradually popular since it can make people enjoy the natural 3D experience anywhere and anytime. In current stage, mobile 3D video is generally delivered over the heterogeneous network combined by wired and wireless channels. How to guarantee the optimal 3D visual quality of experience (QoE) for the mobile 3D video streaming is one of the important topics concerned by the service provider. In this article, we propose a QoE-oriented transcoding approach to enhance the quality of mobile 3D video service. By learning the pre-controlled QoE patterns of 3D contents, the proposed 3D visual QoE inferring model can be utilized to regulate the transcoding configurations in real-time according to the feedbacks of network and user-end device information. In the learning stage, we propose a piecewise linear mean opinion score (MOS) interpolation method to further reduce the cumbersome manual work of preparing QoE patterns. Experimental results show that the proposed transcoding approach can provide the adapted 3D stream to the heterogeneous network, and further provide superior QoE performance to the fixed quantization parameter (QP) transcoding and mean squared error (MSE) optimized transcoding for mobile 3D video streaming.

关键词： Algorithms Design Experimentation Mobile 3D video transcoding QoE 3D video streaming

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H.264/AVC-to-SVC temporal video transcoder for video broadcasting in wireless networks

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2016年第1期75卷 497-525页

作者： Garrido-Cantos, R. De Cock, J. Martinez, J. L. Van Leuven, S. Cuenca, P. Garrido, A. Univ Castilla La Mancha Albacete Res Inst Informat Albacete 02071 Spain Univ Ghent Dept Elect & Informat Syst iMinds B-9050 Ghent Belgium

Over the last few decades multimedia usage has changed dramatically, with networks and terminals of diverse bandwidths and capabilities coexisting. To ensure a good quality of experience, this diverse environment requires adaptability of the video stream. If video streams were compressed using Scalable Video Coding (SVC) schemes, they would be able to adapt to these heterogeneous networks and a wide range of terminals. However, since the majority of multimedia contents are compressed using H.264/AVC, they cannot benefit from this scalability. This paper makes some proposals for improving a temporal H.264/AVC-to-SVC video transcoder so that it can convert an H.264/AVC bitstream without scalability to scalable bitstreams with temporal scalability. The idea behind the proposed transcoder is to accelerate interprediction, focusing on reducing the coding complexity of the mode decision and motion estimation tasks of the encoder stage by using information available after the H.264/AVC decoding stage. To accelerate the mode decision task, a decision tree for narrowing down the Macroblock (MB) types to be checked by the SVC encoder has been developed. On the other hand, to accelerate the motion estimation task, a reduced area is created dynamically for every MB and sub-MB. Moreover, time savings increase considerably when both proposals are adjusted to work together, as opposed to doing so in an isolated way. The results show that when our joint proposal is applied, the complexity is reduced by 98 % while maintaining coding efficiency.

关键词： Wireless video broadcasting Scalable video coding (SVC) H.264/AVC transcoding

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A Novel 3D Video transcoding Scheme for Adaptive 3D Video Transmission to Heterogeneous Terminals

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA COMPUTING COMMUNICATIONS AND APPLICATIONS 2012年第3期8卷 43-43页

作者： Liu, Shujie Chen, Chang Wen SUNY Buffalo Buffalo NY 14260 USA

Three-dimensional video (3DV) is attracting many interests with its enhanced viewing experience and more user driven features. 3DV has several unique characteristics different from 2D video: (1) It has a much larger amount of data captured and compressed, and corresponding video compression techniques can be much more complicated in order to explore data redundancy. This will lead to more constraints on users' network access and computational capability, (2) Most users only need part of the 3DV data at any given time, while the users' requirements exhibit large diversity, (3) Only a limited number of views are captured and transmitted for 3DV. View rendering is thus necessary to generate virtual views based on the received 3DV data. However, many terminal devices do not have the functionality to generate virtual views. To enable 3DV experience for the majority of users with limited capabilities, adaptive 3DV transmission is necessary to extract/generate the required data content and represent it with supported formats and bitrates for heterogeneous terminal devices. 3DV transcoding is an emerging and effective technique to achieve desired adaptive 3DV transmission. In this article, we propose the first efficient 3DV transcoding scheme that can obtain any desired view, either an encoded one or a virtual one, and compress it with more universal H. 264/AVC. The key idea of the proposed scheme is to appropriately utilize motion information contained in the bitstream to generate candidate motion information. Original information of both the desired view and reference views are used to obtain this candidate information and a proper motion refinement process is carried out for certain blocks. Simulation results show that, compared to the straightforward cascade algorithm, the proposed scheme is able to output compressed bitstream of the required view with significantly reduced complexity while incurring negligible performance loss. Such a 3DV transcoding can be applied to

关键词： Algorithms Design Multiview video 3D video transcoding adaptive 3D video

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Efficient Motion Vector Re-Estimation Based on a Novel Cost Model for a H.264/AVC Transcoder

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION AND SYSTEMS 2016年第3期E99D卷 777-780页

作者： Hong, Soongi Choe, Yoonsik Kim, Yong-Goo Yonsei Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Seoul 120749 South Korea Korean German Inst Technol Dept Media Engn Seoul 121270 South Korea

In transcoding, it is well known that refinement of the motion vectors is critical to enhance the quality of transcoded video while significantly reducing transcoding complexity. This paper proposes a novel cost model to estimate the rate-distortion cost of motion vector composition in order to develop a reliable motion vector re-estimation method that has reasonable computation cost. Based on a statistical analysis of motion compensated prediction errors, we design a basic form of the proposed cost model as a function of distance from the optimal motion vector. Simulations with a transcoder employing the proposed cost model demonstrate a significant quality gain over representative video transcoding schemes with no complexity increase.

关键词： H.264/AVC transcoding motion vector re-estimation motion vector cost estimator

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Cost Efficient Repository Management for Cloud-Based On-demand Video Streaming

Cost Efficient Repository Management for Cloud-Based On-dema...

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IEEE International Conference on Mobile Cloud Computing, Services, and Engineering (MobileCloud)

作者： Mahmoud Darwich Ege Beyazit Mohsen Amini Salehi Magdy Bayoumi High Performance Cloud Computing (HPCC) Laboratory Center for Advanced Computer Studies (CACS) School of Computing and Informatics University of Louisiana at Lafayette Louisiana

Video transcoding is the process of converting a video to the format supported by the viewer's device. Video transcoding requires a huge storage and computational resources, thus, many video stream providers choose to carry it out on the cloud. Video streaming providers generally need to prepare several formats of the same video (termed pre-transcoding) and stream the appropriate format to the viewer. However, pre-transcoding requires enormous storage space and imposes a significant cost to the stream provider. More importantly, pre-transcoding proven to be inefficient due to long-tail access pattern to video streams in a repository. To reduce the incurred cost, in this research, we propose a method to partially pre-transcode video streams and re-transcode the rest of it in an on-demand manner. We will develop a method to strike a trade-off between pre-transcoding and on-demand transcoding of video streams to reduce the overall cost. Experimental results show the efficiency of our approach, particularly, when a high percentage of videos are accessed frequently. In such repositories, the proposed approach reduces the incurred cost by up to 70%.

关键词： Streaming media transcoding Cloud computing Mathematical model Quality of service Virtual machining

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A cost model for green fog computing and networking

A cost model for green fog computing and networking

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International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks

作者： Ramon Aparicio-Pardo Lucile Sassatelli Université Côte d'Azur I3S Sophia Antipolis France

5G services and 4K will stress even more the future access/aggregation networks, where video contents have already become the main traffic contributor. The deployment in the convergent access of local micro data-centers (DCs) nodes is one promising approach to successfully manage this challenge. These nodes will be responsible for switching enormous amounts of traffic and simultaneously performing heavy CPU tasks (such as video or radio base band processing). Only a flexible management of these nodes based on NFV, SDN and data analytics will enable to meet these tasks. In this paper, we present a consistent and complete cost model collecting main trade-offs between energy savings and CPU processing suitable to be used in such a flexible management framework.

关键词： Streaming media Optical switches Optical fiber networks Servers transcoding Power demand

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Online data processing on cloud and Hadoop platform

Online data processing on cloud and Hadoop platform

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International Conference on the Current Trends in Information Technology (CTIT)

作者： Ayesha Akhtar Muhammad Sohaib Shakir Lecturer Superior University Gujrat Pakistan Information Technology University of Gujrat Gujrat Gujrat Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9781538633311

Person to person communication Sites (SNS) and Media content suppliers are always progressing in the direction of giving mixed media rich encounters to end clients. To expand a SNS in view of a lot of online networking, territory capable mass stockpiling for web-based social networking information produced day by day by clients is required. However, the capacity to cut up, the interactive media objects makes the Internet more appealing to customers, customers and essential systems are not generally ready to stay aware of this developing interest. Sight and sound handling is recognized by cumbersome measures of information, requiring massive measure of preparing, stockpiling, and correspondence assets, accordingly forcing an extensive weight on the registering foundation. The standard way to deal with transcoding sight and sound information requires and expensive equipment in view of the high-limit and top-quality components of mixed media information. Along these lines, regular reason gadgets and techniques are not consumption viable, and they have confinements. To conquer the issue of capacity and execution, we propose another framework which is the combination of three existing framework's which are picture handling, Hadoop and video preparing. Here, we apply a distributed computing condition to our Hadoop-based information Conversion framework. Upgrades in quality and speed are accomplished by embracing Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) for putting away a lot of information made by various clients, Map Reduce for dispersed and parallel handling of information.

关键词： transcoding Media Information technology Streaming media Market research Cloud computing Image processing

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Reverse CDN in Fog Computing: The lifecycle of video data in connected and autonomous vehicles

Reverse CDN in Fog Computing: The lifecycle of video data in...

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IEEE Fog World Congress (FWC)

作者： Hassnaa Moustafa Eve M. Schooler Jessica McCarthy Autonomous Driving Group Intel Corporation Hillsboro OR Internet of Things Group Intel Corporation Santa Clara CA Intel Labs Intel Corporation Leixlip Ireland

This paper introduces the concept of the Reverse Content Distribution Network (rCDN) infrastructure synergized with Fog Computing. In many IoT use cases, video content and other streaming data flow from downstream devices (cameras) to upstream devices (e.g., IoT Gateway, Road Side Unit, network edge node) that can stream the content directly to the Cloud or can aggregate, store and process data in a distributed fashion. This builds a Content Distribution Network (CDN) that changes the traditional CDN model. This gives rise to rCDN, a collection of related video streams that flow from multiple content sources in a many-to-1 fashion, and where highly dynamic video data is likely aggregated, processed, analyzed, transformed, cached and migrated potentially multiple times en route to its final storage destination. In this paper, we present a solution that synergize rCDN and Fog Computing to serve connected and autonomous vehicles, where video content from vehicles cameras and street cameras are distributed across rCDN nodes. We also discuss the role of rCDN for data re-usability within the Smart City, and highlight existing challenges.

关键词： Streaming media Automobiles Roads Vehicle dynamics Cameras Autonomous vehicles transcoding

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Out of Band SCTE 35

Out of Band SCTE 35

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SMPTE Technical Conference

作者： Roger Franklin Alan Young Member SMPTE

ISBN: (纸本)9781510851771

SCTE 35 - “Digital Program Insertion Cueing Message for Cable” - is now routinely used to identify the location and composition of programming content and advertising breaks in linear television for OTT providers. SCTE 35 specifies metadata that can be inserted into the MPEG-2 Transport Stream carrying the compressed content. SCTE 35 contains the precise frame of the beginning and end of video segments, content identifiers and rights-related information. However, the real-world implementation of SCTE 35 by content providers is inconsistent despite SCTE 67 - “Recommended Practice for SCTE 35 Digital Program Insertion Cueing Message for Cable”. Worse, the ever-increasing complexity of distribution and transcoding for delivery to multiple devices has taken its toll on SCTE 35. It rarely survives delivery to the OTT provider without being corrupted. This is obviously a problem for both the OTT providers and the content providers not only because it limits their ability to monetize the content but also because it makes it much harder to effectively automate the implementation of the complex rights associated with online content in an auditable manner. This technical paper will describe a method of delivering SCTE 35 out of band using temporal fingerprints to re-synchronize the SCTE metadata with the video at each receive point. This not only solves the core problem but provides many side benefits including automatic lip sync error correction, enabling broadcast adverts to become ‘clickable’ and enabling graphics to become customizable and user selectable.

关键词： content providers out of band RBM15 gene Videotapes cable clicking transport stream multiple device Online content Obstetric Delivery transcoding Metadata

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