We propose a new scrambling approach for regions of interest in compressed H.264/AVC bit streams. By scrambling at bit stream level and applying drift reduction techniques, we reduce the processing time by up to 45% c...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467389112
We propose a new scrambling approach for regions of interest in compressed H.264/AVC bit streams. By scrambling at bit stream level and applying drift reduction techniques, we reduce the processing time by up to 45% compared to full re-encoding. Depending on the input video quality, our approach induces an overhead between -0.5 and 1.5% (high resolution sequences) and -0.5 and 3% (low resolution sequences), respectively, to reduce the drift outside the regions of interest. The quality degradation in these regions remains small in most cases, and moderate in a worst-case scenario with a high number of small regions of interest.
Video content management methods had been studied based on the priority (e.g., the number of accesses and the elapsed time) in a video content distribution system (VCDS). However, these methods cannot adapt to the var...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509019304
Video content management methods had been studied based on the priority (e.g., the number of accesses and the elapsed time) in a video content distribution system (VCDS). However, these methods cannot adapt to the variable model of the practical accesses. Then, this paper proposes a cached video content management method with priority estimation according to the content property. Basically, this method linearly estimates the cache priority to adapt to the variable model. Considering the updating status of the cached contents, two kinds of contents (i.e., a regular content and a periodical updating content) are used. In particular, two content properties are not only defined from a difference in each content popularity, but also two kinds of priority estimation methods (i.e., only a linear estimation, and both the estimation and the estimation with the condition determination for the elapsed time) are designed. Here, a LFU method is used as a conventional method (CM). Next, the evaluation models are designed in 1-day model (i.e., the variable model of the number of the accesses, that of the quality and the content-usage model). CM and the proposed method were evaluated in the simulation experiments. It was found that the proposed method was superior by the evaluation results in terms of the cache efficiency.
Networking (SCN) extends Information-Centric Networking (ICN) from content to services, enabling clients to request services without having them coupled to specific servers. This brings new authentication challenges, ...
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Networking (SCN) extends Information-Centric Networking (ICN) from content to services, enabling clients to request services without having them coupled to specific servers. This brings new authentication challenges, since legacy authentication techniques do not apply. We propose and evaluate three generic SCN use cases and their corresponding authentication methods.
Digital content consumption is exploding thanks to the advances of the distributed cloud-computing infrastructures and the consumer electronics. Further challenges have been posed to engineers and researchers to satis...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467399623
Digital content consumption is exploding thanks to the advances of the distributed cloud-computing infrastructures and the consumer electronics. Further challenges have been posed to engineers and researchers to satisfy the ever increasing user needs not only for high quality video delivery, but also for richer experience. In order to support various video analysis tasks in addition to transcoding, a software platform is designed based on the Google cloud computing infrastructure with the features to be flexible, scalable, robust, and secure. In this paper, we discuss the scope, requirements, constraints, features of such a system, the problems we met and how they are resolved.
Synchronizing videos over file-hosting services on personal cloud such as Dropbox, Box or Onedrive leads to wastage in bandwidth and storage, which can be critical, while using mobile devices. Users can alternatively ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467399548
Synchronizing videos over file-hosting services on personal cloud such as Dropbox, Box or Onedrive leads to wastage in bandwidth and storage, which can be critical, while using mobile devices. Users can alternatively download the video on-the-go, but that leads to high latency, depending on network bandwidth and video file size. In contrast, adaptive video streaming allows near-real-time viewing by streaming the best possible quality in a given network condition. This feature is achieved by keeping multiple versions of video in cloud, leading to additional costs in cloud storage. Moreover, current solutions can only support a small set of bitrates, leading to abrupt switches in video resolution especially when the network condition is unstable, as often experienced by mobile users. This paper introduces Vsync, a framework for cloud based video synchronization for mobile devices. A video content is streamed using a cloud-based real-time transcoding and transmission framework to provide smooth video quality. Built over prediction models for video transcoding sessions and a QoE based adaptive video streaming protocol, Vsync is able to obtain the improvements of 37 ~ 80% than other compared schemes. The dataset and evaluation was done on a pool of 220K video clips.
We present the first general purpose framework for marginal maximum a posteriori estimation of probabilistic program variables. By using a series of code transformations, the evidence of any probabilistic program, and...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781510838819
We present the first general purpose framework for marginal maximum a posteriori estimation of probabilistic program variables. By using a series of code transformations, the evidence of any probabilistic program, and therefore of any graphical model, can be optimized with respect to an arbitrary subset of its sampled variables. To carry out this optimization, we develop the first Bayesian optimization package to directly exploit the source code of its target, leading to innovations in problem-independent hyperpriors, unbounded optimization, and implicit constraint satisfaction; delivering significant performance improvements over prominent existing packages. We present applications of our method to a number of tasks including engineering design and parameter optimization.
Live streaming of video contents over the Internet generally requires conversion (i.e.,transcoding) of the video contents based on the characteristics of viewers' devices (e.g.,spatial resolution, network bandwidt...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509039371
Live streaming of video contents over the Internet generally requires conversion (i.e.,transcoding) of the video contents based on the characteristics of viewers' devices (e.g.,spatial resolution, network bandwidth, and supported codec). Due to the complexity of video transcoding process, live streaming service providers are becoming reliant on cloud services (e.g.,Amazon AWS1). With the scalable and reliable processing capability that clouds offer, live streaming service providers are able to transcode the live streams in a timely manner and fulfill viewers' Quality of Service (QoS) demands. For that purpose, cloud services must be utilized efficiently. In this paper, we present a cloud-based architecture that facilitates transcoding for live video streaming. Then, we propose a scheduling method for the architecture that is cost-efficient and satisfies viewers' QoS demands. We also propose a method -- utilized by the scheduler -- to predict the execution time of transcoding tasks before their executions. Experiment results demonstrate the feasibility of cloud-based transcoding for live video streams and the efficacy of the proposed scheduling method in satisfying viewers' QoS demands without imposing extra cost to the stream provider.
Network Function Virtualization (NFV) has become a widely acclaimed approach to facilitate the management and orchestration of network services. However, after rapidly achieving a widespread success, NFV is now challe...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509028948
Network Function Virtualization (NFV) has become a widely acclaimed approach to facilitate the management and orchestration of network services. However, after rapidly achieving a widespread success, NFV is now challenged by the overwhelming demand of computing power originated by the never-ending growth of innovative applications coming from the Internet world. To overcome this problem, the use of h/w acceleration combined with NFV has been proposed. This way, the computing performance of commodity servers can be greatly enhanced, without losing the advantages offered by NFV in service management. In this paper, to demonstrate the potentialities of NFV and h/w acceleration, a Virtual Network Function for video coding (video transcoding Unit - vTU) is presented. The vTU is accelerated by a General Purpose GPU, and is based on Open Source software packages for media processing. The vTU architecture is firstly described in details. A thorough characterization of its computing performance is then reported, and the obtained results are compared to those achieved with non-accelerated and/or non-virtualized versions of the vTU itself. Also, the performance provided by an original, GPU accelerated version of the VP8 encoder is presented. The activities described in this paper have been carried out within the EU FP7 T-NOVA project.
The increasing popularity of videos over Internet, combined with the wide heterogeneity of various kinds of end users' devices, imposes strong requirements on the underlying infrastructure and computing resources ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467384100
The increasing popularity of videos over Internet, combined with the wide heterogeneity of various kinds of end users' devices, imposes strong requirements on the underlying infrastructure and computing resources to meet the users expectations. In particular, designing an adequate transcoding workflow in the cloud to stream videos at large scale is: (i) costly, and (ii) complex. By inheriting key concepts from the software engineering domain, such as separation of concerns and microservice architecture style, we are giving our experience feedbacks of building both a low cost and efficient transcoding platform over an ad hoc computing cloud built around a rack of Raspberry Pis.
High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is gradually replacing its predecessor, the H.264/AVC standard, as the state-of-the-art technology for video compression. However, H.264/AVC has dominated the market for over a deca...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479953424
High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is gradually replacing its predecessor, the H.264/AVC standard, as the state-of-the-art technology for video compression. However, H.264/AVC has dominated the market for over a decade, so that there is an enormous amount of legacy content that must be migrated. This paper proposes a fast transcoder based on an extensive data mining process on H.264/AVC decoding attributes. The data mining allowed identifying relevant information from the H.264/AVC decoding process, which was conveyed to the C4.5 machine learning algorithm to build a set of decision trees that simplify the complex Coding Unit (CU) size decision in HEVC. Experimental results have shown an average reduction of 44% in the transcoding time, with a small bit rate increase of 1.67%. These results outperform any previous works available in the literature.
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