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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Yilin Wang Sang-Uok Kum Chao Chen Anil Kokaram Google Inc. 1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy. Mountain View CA USA 94043

ISBN: (纸本)9781467399623

Banding is a common video artifact caused by compressing low texture regions with coarse quantization. Relatively few previous attempts exist to address banding and none incorporate subjective testing for calibrating the measurement. In this paper, we propose a novel metric that incorporates both edge length and contrast across the edge to measure video banding. We further introduce both reference and non-reference metrics. Our results demonstrate that the new metrics have a very high correlation with subjective assessment and certainly outperforms PSNR, SSIM, and VQM.

关键词： Image edge detection Measurement Coherence Correlation Pipelines transcoding YouTube

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Introduction to the Special Section on Visual Computing in the Cloud: Fundamentals and Applications

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2015年第12期25卷 1885-1887页

作者： Liu, Jiangchuan Zhu, Wenwu Ebrahimi, Touradj Apostolopoulos, J. Hua, X. -S. Wu, C. Tsinghua University School of Computing Science Beijing China University Polytechnic School of Engineering Brooklyn NY United States Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne Switzerland Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA United States Peking University Beijing China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China

Cloud computing involves a large number of terminals connected through a real-time high-speed network (such as the Internet). The adoption rates for private and hybrid cloud services increased to 40% in 2013, with computing shifting from on-premise infrastructure to the cloud. To keep pace with the ever-accelerating rate of innovation, companies are moving to the cloud. However, visual computing in the cloud brings great challenges, such as how to measure and then improve the quality of experience in cloud computing. This Special Section provides the image/video community a forum to present new academic research and industrial development in running visual computing services in the cloud. This Special Section aims to address fundamental and practical aspects of visual computing in the cloud, such as how to build cloud platforms that can cope with seemingly unlimited supply of content coming from traditional media sources as well as new media uploaded to the Internet (YouTube, Facebook, etc.); how to leverage cloud technology to build high-quality image/video browsing and delivery experiences for a global audience; how to ingest, encode, process, adapt, as well as protect contents and privacy of users; how to provide both on-demand and live-streaming capabilities; how to tag image/video and allow consumers to access the image/video contents with high availability; how to support image/video services in mobile devices; and how to perform real-time image/video analytics in the cloud, to mention a few among a diverse range of challenges.

关键词： Special issues and sections Cloud computing Social network services Streaming media transcoding

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Automated Generation of Reconfigurable Systems-on-Chip by Interactive Code Transformations for High-Level Synthesis

Automated Generation of Reconfigurable Systems-on-Chip by In...

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FSP 2016;Third International Workshop on FPGAs for Software Programmers

作者： Silvano Brugnoni Thomas Corbat Peter Sommerlad Toni Suter Jens Korinth David de la Chevallerie Andreas Koch Embedded Systems and Applications Group (ESA) TU Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany

Despite the advances in high-level hardware synthesis (HLS), the programming style required by the design tools for generating efficient hardware implementations still differs significantly from that used in conventional software development. To ease the development of high-quality hardware accelerators using HLS, we propose the use of automated interactive source code transformations. Guided by the user, the transformations help to avoid much of the tedious and potentially error-prone manual code re-development process. The automation also takes aspects of the system-on-chip architecture into account, e.g., addressing data-movement and the creation of heterogeneous pools of processing elements, which can then be accessed in a multi-threaded manner from software. We demonstrate the technique targeting both reconfigurable systems-on-chip, as well as PCIe Gen3-attached compute platforms.

关键词： high level synthesis system-on-chip hue lightness saturation design tools computer software Automation configurability Interactive Software design Codes transcoding

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An efficient VC-1 to H.264 IPB-picture transcoder with pixel domain processing

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MULTIDIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 2015年第3期26卷 555-574页

作者： Pantoja, Maria Ling, Nam Kalva, Hari Lee, Jae-Beom Santa Clara Univ Dept Comp Engn Santa Clara CA 95053 USA Florida Atlantic Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Boca Raton FL 33431 USA Sarnoff Corp Princeton NJ 08540 USA

VC-1 is one of the three video coding standards for Blu-ray DVD, which also includes MPEG-2 and H.264. In this paper, an efficient transcoding algorithm from VC-1 video to H.264 video is discussed, we present a transcoder that addresses I, P, B, and interlaced pictures. The main differences between the two standards are analyzed and a solution for transforming from one to the other is presented. The paper proposes a pixel domain transcoder which exploits the variable size transform used in VC-1 to select the variable block size for motion compensation in H.264. We also discuss transcoding of high profile video features;in particular, adaptive size transform and interlacing. Experimental results show that the pixel domain approach reduces computational complexity by more than 50 % as compared to a cascaded one with negligible drop in peak-signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR).

关键词： Video coding Visual communications H.264 VC-1 transcoding

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A Comparison of Intra-Frame Codecs Considered for IMF

A Comparison of Intra-Frame Codecs Considered for IMF

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SMPTE Technical Conference

作者： Wolfgang Ruppel Theresa Baier Hochschule RheinMain Wiesbaden Hessen DE

RheinMain University has conducted a study on the performance of intra-frame codecs currently used or considered for mastering and programme interchange applications. The results include figures of PSNR versus bitrate, subjective assessments, transcoding and multigeneration encoding performance. The codecs under study were AVC Intra and HEVC Intra, compared to JPEG 2000 as constrained in IMF (ST 2067-20/-21). The comparison has been done for both HDTV (720p, 1080i, 1080p) and UHDTV (2160p). The results of the comparison show that the performance JPEG 2000 is comparable to the performance of AVC and HEVC for the majority of the use cases. However, particular attention should be paid when transcoding from a block based codec into JPEG 2000 and vice versa. The paper gives recommendations how to limit transcoding loss in that case.

关键词： Codecs IMF codecs INITIAL MASS FUNCTION high field International Monetary Fund JPEG Automatic voltage control transcoding Mastering Peak signal-to-noise ratio

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A Fast Mode Decision Algorithm from MPEG-2 to H.264 transcoding

A Fast Mode Decision Algorithm from MPEG-2 to H.264 Transcod...

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International Conference on Industry, Information System and Material Engineering

作者： Xiang, Jianhua Li, Junli Lou, Yang Jiang, Gangyi Ningbo Univ Informat Coll Digital Technol & Software Applicat Inst Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783037850275

In order to reduce the complexity of MPEG-2 to H.264 transcoding, an efficient fast mode decision algorithm is proposed. We apply machine learning principles by building a decision tree (the relationship between the information gathered during the MPEG-2 decoding stage and the H.264 coding modes of MBs) enabling the development of very low complexity transcoding mechanism. The decision tree is used to determine the coding modes of the P-frames MBs of the output H.264 encoded video sequences. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can dramatically reduce the transcoding time, with high quality and high coding efficiency of image.

关键词： transcoding Mode Decision H.264 MPEG-2 Machine Learning

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Improved Resizing MPEG-2 Video transcoding Method

Improved Resizing MPEG-2 Video Transcoding Method

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International Conference on Multimedia, Computer Graphics and Broadcasting (MulGraB 2011)

作者： Ryu, Sung Pil Kwak, Nae Joung Kwon, Dong Jin Ahn, Jae-Hyeong 52 Naesudong Ro Cheongju 361763 Chungbuk South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9783642272035

This paper proposes a transcoding technique to reduce the resolution of MPEG-2 video stream for small wireless communication terminals. The proposed method first extracts the motion vector, the macroblock mode information, and the DCT coefficient from the original image, and then determines the mode of the macroblock by analyzing the information, after which it re-calculates the new macroblock information and processes it by separating it into a treatment in the DCT domain and a treatment in the spatial domain. The proposed method reduced the computational complexity to be apt for real-time processing and the image degradation.

关键词： transcoding MPEG-2 Motion Vector estimation reduce resolution

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COMBINING OPEN- AND CLOSED-LOOP ARCHITECTURES FOR H.264/AVC-TO-SVC transcoding

COMBINING OPEN- AND CLOSED-LOOP ARCHITECTURES FOR H.264/AVC-...

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18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

作者： Van Leuven, Sebastiaan De Cock, Jan Van Wallendael, Glenn Van de Walle, Rik Garrido-Cantos, Rosario Martinez, Jose Luis Cuenca, Pedro Univ Ghent IBBT ELIS Dept Multimedia Lab B-9050 Ledeberg Ghent Belgium Univ Castilla La Mancha Albacete Res Inst Informat Albacete Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781457713033

Scalable video coding (SVC) allows encoded bitstreams to be adapted. However, most bitstreams do not incorporate this scalability so bitstreams have to be adapted multiple times to accommodate for varying network conditions or end-user devices. Each adaptation incorporates an additional loss of quality due to transcoding. To overcome this issue, we propose a single transcoding step from H.264/AVC to SVC. Doing so, the resulting bitstream can be freely adapted without any additional quality reduction. Open-loop transcoding architectures can be used for H.264/AVC-to-SVC transcoding with a low complexity, although these architectures suffer from drift artifacts. Closed-loop transcoding, on the other hand, requires a higher complexity. To overcome the drawbacks of both systems, we propose combining both techniques.

关键词： Scalable Video Coding (SVC) transcoding open-loop fast mode decision complexity reduction

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Bungee Jumps: Accelerating Indirect Branches Through HW/SW Co-Design 48

Bungee Jumps: Accelerating Indirect Branches Through HW/SW C...

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48th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO)

作者： McFarlin, Daniel S. Zilles, Craig Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Univ Illinois Champaign IL USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450340342

Indirect branches have historically been a challenge for microarchitectures and code generators alike The recent steady increase in indirect branch predictability has translated into continual performance improvements especially for Out-of-Order processors which benefit wore readily from improvements in branch prediction. In contrast;in-order processors which rely on code generators for performance are still challenged by indirect branches;they are a frequent source of issue stalls and the large number of indirect branch targets and unbiased nature of indirect branches complicate the use of traditional branch handling techniques like assert conversion and predication. To address these limitations;we propose an ISA enhancement with associated code transformation and hardware support that collectively enable the current trend of improved indirect branch predictability to be directly leveraged by code-generators for in-orders. By separating the prediction point of an indirect branch from its resolution point;we enable code generators to emit schedules which more readily match those found by the Out-of-Order. Our technique is particularly beneficial to those processors which leverage dynamic binary translation and optimization such as Transmeta's Efficeon and more recently Nvidia's Project Denver. On a set of indirect branch intensive benchmarks from SPEC 2006, 2000 and 95, We achieve a Geomean speedup on a 4-wide of 11%. We further demonstrate speedups of 23% and 14% speedup on PHP and Python benchmarks.

关键词： Generators Out of order Benchmark testing Schedules Prefetching Hardware Code generation Benchmark testing prefetching Computer hardware branches dynamos PROCESSOR sequential processor transcoding Speeding Branch-prediction Co-design

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EnTable: Rewriting Web Data Sets as Accessible Tables 15

EnTable: Rewriting Web Data Sets as Accessible Tables

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17th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2015)

作者： Gardiner, Steven Tomasic, Anthony Zimmerman, John Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450334006

Today, many data-driven web pages present information in a way that is difficult for blind and low vision users to navigate and to understand. EnTable addresses this challenge. It re-writes confusing and complicated template-based data sets as accessible tables. EnTable allows blind and low vision users to submit requests for pages they wish to access. The system then employs sighted informants to markup the desired page with semantic information, allowing the page to be re-written using straightforward < table > tags. Screen reader users who browse the web using the EnTable browser extension can report data sets that are confusing, and utilize data sets re-written with the < table > tag based on their own requests or on the requests of other users.

关键词： web accessibility data sets transcoding crowd-sourcing

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