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A 27-30 GHz T/R module With Reflection-Type Phase Shifting and Machine-Learned Calibration

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS 2025年

作者： Chang, Yuan Wen, Yuejiang Hong, Zhangjie Padmanabhan, Bharadwaj Franzon, Paul D. Floyd, Brian A. NC State Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Raleigh NC 27695 USA Apple Inc One Apple Pk Way Cupertino CA 95014 USA

This paper presents a transmit/receive module (TRM) for phased arrays realized in 45 nm RFSOI CMOS technology and calibrated using machine learning. The 27-30 GHz TRM includes a transmit/receive (T/R) switch, a power amplifier, a low-noise amplifier, another T/R switch, and a bidirectional reflection-type phase shifter (RTPS). The RTPS incorporates multiple resonators and five control variables to achieve a six-bit resolution with a 360-degree phase shift range across a 10% bandwidth. We introduce a machine-learning technique that uses Bayesian optimization to calibrate the multi-variable front end. This technique can attain near-optimal settings with 1.5 percent of the measurements compared to manual calibration using an exhaustive search. Measurements show the TRM achieves 16.4 dB gain, 2.5 GHz 1 dB bandwidth, and 11.9-12.9 dBm output compression point in transmit mode, and 16 dB gain, 3.2 GHz 1 dB BW, -23.3 dBm input compression point, and 4 dB noise figure in receive mode. Across 27-30 GHz, the calibrated TRM achieves root-mean-square errors of 0.4 dB or lower for gain and less than 1.5 or 2.8 degrees for phase in transmit and receive modes, respectively.

关键词： Transmission line measurements Switches Phase shifters Calibration Gain Circuits Varactors Voltage control Tuning Frequency measurement transmit-receive module beamformer phased-array reflection-type phase shifter millimeter wave 28 GHz 5G calibration machine learning Bayesian optimization

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Design and development of the optical control network active phased array radar (Publication with Expression of Concern)

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION 2019年第2-Sup期60卷 35-43页

作者： Kamaraj, P. Kannan, R. Jagadeesh Natl Atmospher Res Lab Gadanki 517112 India Vellore Inst Technol Chennai Campus Chennai India

Active phased array radars for the atmospheric research have various advantages such as full beam agility in 360 degrees, improved signal-to-noise ratio and improved sensitivity. These radars have distributed transmit-receive modules feeding to the individual antenna system in the antenna array field. In order to control and monitor the field-located transmit-receive modules from centralized radar controller which will be located few hundred meters away from the field, control signals plays an important role in controlling the radar subsystems. Earlier generation radars used electrical cables to transfer such type of signals, where signal speed and bandwidth are limited. In addition, the electromagnetic interference also affects the transmit and receiving signals. To overcome these problems, a new technical approach has been developed over optical interface for active phased array radar. In this paper, we present the design and development of the optical control signal network for 53 MHz active phased array radar. The design details, component selection and the link budget calculations are explained in detail and the test results are provided.

关键词： Active array radar transmit-receive module optical transceivers control signal distribution

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Efficient and Linear CMOS Power Amplifier and Front-end Design for Broadband Fully-Integrated 28-GHz 5G Phased Arrays

Efficient and Linear CMOS Power Amplifier and Front-end Desi...

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作者： Mahmoud Shakib Roshdy, Sherif Abdelhalim Texas A&M University

Demand for data traffic on mobile networks is growing exponentially with time and on a global scale. The emerging fifth-generation (5G) wireless standard is being developed with millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) links as a key technological enabler to address this growth by a 2020 time frame. The wireless industry is currently racing to deploy mm-Wave mobile services, especially in the 28-GHz band. Previous widely-held perceptions of fundamental propagation limitations were overcome using phased arrays. Equally important for success of 5G is the development of low-power, broadband user equipment (UE) radios in commercial-grade technologies. This dissertation demonstrates design methodologies and circuit techniques to tackle the critical challenge of key phased array front-end circuits in low-cost complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Two power amplifier (PA) proof-of-concept prototypes are implemented in deeply scaled 28- nm and 40-nm CMOS processes, demonstrating state-of-the-art linearity and efficiency for extremely broadband communication signals. Subsequently, the 40 nm PA design is successfully embedded into a low-power fully-integrated transmit-receive front-end module. The 28 nm PA prototype in this dissertation is the first reported linear, bulk CMOS PA targeting low-power 5G mobile UE integrated phased array transceivers. An optimization methodology is presented to maximizing power added efficiency (PAE) in the PA output stage at a desired error vector magnitude (EVM) and range to address challenging 5G uplink requirements. Then, a source degeneration inductor in the optimized output stage is shown to further enable its embedding into a two-stage transformer-coupled PA. The inductor helps by broadening inter-stage impedance matching bandwidth, and helping to reduce distortion. Designed and fabricated in 1P7M 28 nm bulk CMOS and using a 1 V supply, the PA achieves +4.2 dBm/9% measured Pout/PAE at −25 dBc EVM for a 250 MHz-wide, 64-QAM orthogon

关键词： Power~amplifier CMOS 5G~mobile 28~GHz phased~array power-added~efficiency (PAE) error vector magnitude (EVM) peak-to-average-power ratio microwave mm-wave RFIC front-end module transmit-receive module amplifier linearity Thesis

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Synthetic Aperture Radar payload on-board RISAT-1: configuration, technology and performance

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CURRENT SCIENCE 2013年第4期104卷 446-461页

作者： Misra, Tapan Rana, S. S. Desai, N. M. Dave, D. B. Rajeevjyoti Arora, R. K. Rao, C. V. N. Bakori, B. V. Neelakantan, R. Vachchani, J. G. Indian Space Res Org Ctr Space Applicat Ahmadabad 380015 Gujarat India

The launch of Radar Imaging Satellite (RISAT-1) marked a new chapter in the remote sensing programme of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). RISAT-1, carrying a multi-mode Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) system, will provide complementary imaging capability in microwave along with optical images, being obtained from the well-established IRS class of satellites. RESAT-1 supports a variety of resolution and swath requirements. Both conventional stripmap and scanSAR modes are supported, with dual polarization mode of operation. Additionally a quad polarization stripmap mode is provided for availing additional resource classification. In all these modes, resolutions from 3 to 50 m can be achieved with swath ranging from 25 to 223 km. On experimental basis, a sliding spotlight mode is also available. In all the imaging modes, a novel polarimetry mode called circular or hybrid polarimetry can be exercised seamlessly. The system is capable of imaging on either side of the flight track depending upon prior programming of the satellite. The satellite is placed in a Sun-synchronous orbit with 6 am-6 pm equatorial crossing. This orbit configuration is chosen to maximize solar power availability. The satellite has an on-board-solid state recorder for supporting data acquisition beyond ground station visibility. The payload is based on active antenna array technology. Crucial technology elements like C-band MMICs, TR module and miniaturized power supplies have already been developed in India. A pulsed mode near-field test facility has also been developed in-house in order to characterize the payload in the integration laboratory itself.

关键词： C-band near field antenna facility radar imaging satellite stripmap mode scanSAR mode Synthetic Aperture Radar transmit-receive module

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High-density mixed signal RF front-end electronics for T-R modules

High-density mixed signal RF front-end electronics for T-R m...

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IEEE 1st AESS European Conference on Satellite Telecommunications (ESTEL)

作者： Bentini, Andrea Ciccognani, Walter Palomba, Mirko Palombini, Diego Limiti, Ernesto Univ Roma Tor Vergata Dipartimento Ingn Elettron Rome Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781467346887;9781467346863

In this contribution, several Multi-Functional Chips featuring different functionalities and integration levels are presented. A X-Band Core-Chip integrating a 6-bit attenuator, a 6-bit phase shifter, a T/R switch and a digital serial-to-parallel converter has been fabricated with 0.18 mu M OMMIC ED02AH process. The MMIC exhibits 6 dB and 8 dB average insertion gain for transmit and receive mode respectively, full 360 degrees phase coverage with 5.6 degrees phase steps and 31.5 dB attenuation dynamic range with 0.5 dB amplitude resolution in less than 16 mm(2). Two C-Band Multi-Functional Chips, one consisting of a bidirectional 6-bit phase shifter with on-board digital controls and the other integrating a 6-bit phase shifter, a buffer amplifier and a 5-bit attenuator have been fabricated with the 0.4 mu m E/D GaAs process developed by SELEX Sistemi Integrati. The former exhibits full 360 degree phase coverage with 5.6 degrees phase resolution in less than 18 mm(2). The latter is an unidirectional MMIC featuring 8 dB average gain, full 360 degree phase coverage with 5.6 degrees phase steps and 31 dB attenuation range with 1 dB amplitude resolution in less than 26 mm(2).

关键词： Multifunctional chip Core-Chip Mixed-signal MMIC transmit-receive module RF Front-end

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High Speed Automated Microwave Measurements

High Speed Automated Microwave Measurements

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AUTOTESTCON 2010 Systems Readiness Technology Conference

作者： Crean, Ed AAI Corp Austin TX 78744 USA

This paper describes an automated microwave measurement and test systems with an emphasis on reducing overall test times. It presents as an example a measurement system for transmit and receive (TR) modules used in Ac... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781424479597

关键词： active electronically scanned radar automated test systems automatic test equipment high speed automated microwave measurement measurement system measurement systems microwave measurement radar receivers radar transmitters transmit-receive module

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