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A triangular model for the generation of synthetic hyetographs

HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES 2009年第2期54卷 287-299页

作者： Ellouze, Manel Abida, Habib Safi, Riadh Fac Sci Sfax Sfax 3000 Tunisia

The method of "historic event" is used to generate synthetic hyetographs based on statistical analysis of precipitation data. A synthetic triangular model was developed based on rainfall data of Zioud watershed (central Tunisia) with a standard time step of one hour. A database of 2799 observed rainfall events was used to provide statistical parameters for a simple triangular-shaped hyetograph model. The developed model provides a synthetic hyetograph in dimensionless form for different storm durations (2, 3 and 4 hours). For a given season and location, the variation of the first dimensionless moment with duration was relatively small, with an average range of 13% for all the stations. The resulting dimensionless hyetographs were found to be nearly identical when they were non-dimensionalized using the rainfall depth and duration, showing some seasonal effect and insignificant effects of the rainfall duration. A good agreement between simulated and observed hyetographs was achieved based on not only visual impressions, but also statistical numerical and graphical tests.

关键词： synthetic hyetograph triangular model statistical analysis hydrological design

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On the validity of non-randomized response techniques: an experimental comparison of the crosswise model and the triangular model

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BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS 2020年第4期52卷 1768-1782页

作者： Hoffmann, Adrian Meisters, Julia Musch, Jochen Univ Duesseldorf Dept Expt Psychol Univ Str 1Bldg 23-03Floor 00Room 27 D-40225 Dusseldorf Germany

Non-randomized response techniques (NRRTs) such as the crosswise model and the triangular model (CWM and TRM;Yu et al. Metrika, 67, 251-263, 2008) have been developed to control for socially desirable responding in surveys on sensitive personal attributes. We present the first study to directly compare the validity of the CWM and TRM and contrast their performance with a conventional direct questioning (DQ) approach. In a paper-pencil survey of 1382 students, we obtained prevalence estimates for two sensitive attributes (xenophobia and rejection of further refugee admissions) and one nonsensitive control attribute with a known prevalence (the first letter of respondents' surnames). Both NRRTs yielded descriptively higher prevalence estimates for the sensitive attributes than DQ;however, only the CWM estimates were significantly higher. We attribute the higher prevalence estimates for the CWM to its response symmetry, which is lacking in the TRM. Only the CWM provides symmetric answer options, meaning that there is no "safe" alternative respondents can choose to distance themselves from being carriers of the sensitive attribute. Prevalence estimates for the nonsensitive control attribute with known prevalence confirmed that neither method suffered from method-specific bias towards over- or underestimation. Exploratory moderator analyses further suggested that the sensitive attributes were perceived as more sensitive among politically left-oriented than among politically right-oriented respondents. Based on our results, we recommend using the CWM over the TRM in future studies on sensitive personal attributes.

关键词： Non-randomized response technique Crosswise model triangular model Validity Xenophobia

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Coverage of the violence and the school dropout at the school II. Results of a search–action on the triangular model within a college in Grenoble

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Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence 2018年第7-8期66卷 411-420页

作者： Yahyaoui, A. Ouerhani, N. Yahyaoui, D. Gaultier, S. Université de Savoie-Mont-Blanc (USMB) LIP/PC2S EA 4145 USMB/UGA D.U. de J. Bellecombette BP1104 Chambéry cedex 73011 France ESPE-UGA Grenoble 38000 France CCAS-grenoble centre de psychologie clinique interculturelle-APPM-CREFSI-Grenoble APPM-CREFSI 10 ter BD Gambetta Grenoble 38000 France

Background: Violence at school and school dropout constitute a big concern as well for the teachers, for the parents as for the clinicians. Several explanatory factors are proposed: individual, familial, school climate or factors in connection with the group of peers. These factors impact on the psychic, school and social health of the child. Coverages are proposed at the national and international level and seem to give convincing results. Each of these initiatives implied in a differentiated way parents, pupils and teachers. None put in the work a project integrating the educational triangle that is at the same time the parents, the children and the teachers within the school. The objective of this work is to report results of a research–action which took place during 5 years within a college of the academy of Grenoble and which put in the work on this lapse of time, in this college, the pupils, the parents and the teachers. Participants and method: We proposed a clinical device to groups of pupils of the 6th in 3rd class, presenting violent behavior and risks of school dropout. We accompanied them during 5 years, one hour for two weeks for each group. We accompanied in the same school years, the professors of these pupils thanks to regular sessions of analysis of the practice and the conferences in connection with the themes of the adolescence, the violence and the school dropout. We finally set up, within the college, parental conferences spread over these full years school around themes chosen by the parents and in connection with the needs for development of their teenagers. Results: Evaluated at the beginning of the school year (T1) and at the end of the school year (T2) and over 4 years (from the sixth grade to the third grade), this research–action gave positive results at the level of the regulation of the violence, the school dropout and the school climate. Conclusion: Its results show that a strong mobilization of the adults around the children, supporte

关键词： Adolescence Coverage Group Parents Pupil School dropout Teachers triangular model Violence

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A New Approach to Detecting Cheating in Sensitive Surveys: The Cheating Detection triangular model

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SOCIOLOGICAL METHODS & RESEARCH 2024年第1期53卷 328-368页

作者： Meisters, Julia Hoffmann, Adrian Musch, Jochen Univ Duesseldorf Dusseldorf Germany Univ Duesseldorf Psychol Assessment & Differential Psychol Dusseldorf Germany

Indirect questioning techniques such as the randomized response technique aim to control social desirability bias in surveys of sensitive topics. To improve upon previous indirect questioning techniques, we propose the new Cheating Detection triangular model. Similar to the Cheating Detection model, it includes a mechanism for detecting instruction non-adherence, and similar to the triangular model, it uses simplified instructions to improve respondents' understanding of the procedure. Based on a comparison with the known prevalence of a sensitive attribute serving as external criterion, we report the first individual-level validation of the Cheating Detection model, the triangular model and the Cheating Detection triangular model. Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity of all models was assessed, as well as the respondents' subjective evaluation of all questioning technique formats. Based on our results, the Cheating Detection triangular model appears to be the best choice among the investigated indirect questioning techniques.

关键词： social desirability randomized response Cheating Detection model triangular model validity

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COVID-19 as an advantage or a disaster? Crisis and change management strategies of Hong Kong social entrepreneurs during the pandemic

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JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT 2025年第1期38卷 25-58页

作者： Mueller, Michal Vasekova, Veronika Krocil, Ondrej Kosina, David Palacky Univ Olomouc Fac Arts Dept Econ & Managerial Studies Olomouc Czech Republic Palacky Univ Olomouc Fac Arts Dept Asian Studies Olomouc Czech Republic

PurposeA qualitative approach based on grounded theory was utilized, with data collected through 26 semi-structured interviews with social entrepreneurs. Alas's triangular model provided the framework for data analysis and ***/methodology/approachThis study explores how Hong Kong social enterprises approached crisis and change management during the COVID-19 pandemic, examining their resilience-building *** pandemic triggered an existential crisis for many social enterprises, causing severe revenue losses. However, strong leadership and cultures based on social mission enabled resilience. Enterprises demonstrated agility by rapidly transitioning operations online and establishing partnerships. Technology adaptation and social innovation were pivotal to sustaining *** limitations/implicationsAs the sample comprises enterprises that survived the pandemic, insights into failed enterprises are lacking. Comparative analysis could illuminate differences in crisis response between successful and unsuccessful *** implicationsThe study's practical implications suggest that social enterprises should focus on developing flexible crisis management plans, cultivating purposeful leadership, embracing digital transformation, strengthening collaborative networks and prioritizing organizational learning to effectively navigate crises while staying true to their social *** implicationsFindings demonstrate how shared values and cultures grounded in purpose can anchor organizations amidst upheaval, fostering resilience. This underscores the role of social enterprises in modeling responsiveness to societal ***/valueWhile research has examined social enterprises' vulnerability in crises, investigation into their crisis management practices is limited. This study enriches understanding of how social enterprises effectively navigate turbulence.

关键词： COVID-19 Crisis management Change management Social enterprise triangular model

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Some small-sample properties of instrumental-variables estimators of block triangular models

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JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE 1996年第2期50卷 207-221页

作者： Carter, RAL UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO DEPT ECONLONDONON N6A 5C2CANADA

Economists sometimes produce linear, simultaneous-equations models which would be recursive were it not for the non-diagonal character of their contemporaneous error covariance matrices. When the instrumental-variables estimator is applied to such triangular models there is some latitude in choosing the instruments to be employed. This paper shows that the exact distribution of the estimator depends on only the number of extra instruments used, not on which instruments are chosen. Nagar's (Econometrica 27 (1959) 575-595) approximation to the determinant of the MSE matrix is used to provide useful rules for selecting the number of extra instruments to employ.

关键词： triangular model instrumental variables exact and approximate distributions

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Matching points: Supplementing instruments with covariates in triangular models

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JOURNAL OF ECONOMETRICS 2024年第1期238卷

作者： Feng, Junlong Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Dept Econ Clear Water Bay Hong Kong Peoples R China

models with a discrete endogenous variable and an instrument that takes on fewer values are common in economics. This paper presents a new method that matches pairs of covariates and instruments to restore the order condition in this scenario and to achieve point-identification of the outcome function. The outcome function must be monotonic in a scalar disturbance, but it can be nonseparable. The first stage for the discrete endogenous variable needs to have a multi-index structure but allows for multidimensional heterogeneity. This paper also provides estimators of the outcome function. Two empirical examples of the return to education and of selection into Head Start illustrate the usefulness and limitations of the method.

关键词： Nonparametric identification triangular model Instrumental variable Endogeneity Generalized propensity score

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The positive capacity region of two-dimensional run-length-constrained channels

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 2006年第11期52卷 5128-5140页

作者： Censor, Keren Etzion, Tuvi Technion Israel Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci IL-32000 Haifa Israel

A binary sequence satisfies a one-dimensional (d, k) constraint if every run of zeros (with possible exception of the first and the last runs) has length at least d and at most k. A binary two-dimensional array satisfies a (d, k) constraint if each row and each column satisfies the one-dimensional (d, k) constraint. Few models have been proposed in the literature to handle two-dimensional data: the diamond model, the square model, the hexagonal model, and the triangular model. The constraints in the different directions might be asymmetric and hence many kind of constraints are defined depending on the number of directions in the model. For example, a two-dimensional array in the diamond model satisfies a (d(1), k(1), d(2), k(2)) constraint if it satisfies the one-dimensional (d(1)1, k(1)) constraint horizontally and the one-dimensional (d(2), k(2)) constraint vertically. In this correspondence, the region in which the capacity is zero or positive, in the various models, is examined. Asymmetric constraints in the diamond model and symmetric constraints in the other models are considered. In particular, an almost complete solution for asymmetric constraints in the diamond model is provided.

关键词： asymmetric constraints capacity constrained codes diamond model hexagonal model permutation arrays square model tiling triangular model two-dimensional coding

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Interactive analysis of time intervals in a two-dimensional space

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INFORMATION VISUALIZATION 2012年第4期11卷 255-272页

作者： Qiang, Yi Delafontaine, Matthias Versichele, Mathias De Maeyer, Philippe Van de Weghe, Nico Univ Ghent Dept Geog B-9000 Ghent Belgium

Time intervals are conventionally represented as linear segments in a one-dimensional space. An alternative representation of time intervals is the triangular model (TM), which represents time intervals as points in a two-dimensional space. In this paper, the use of TM in visualising and analysing time intervals is investigated. Not only does this model offer a compact visualisation of the distribution of intervals, it also supports an innovative temporal query mechanism that relies on geometries in the two-dimensional space. This query mechanism has the potential to simplify queries that are difficult to specify using traditional linear temporal query devices. Moreover, a software prototype that implements TM in a geographical information system (GIS) is introduced. This prototype has been applied in a real scenario to analyse time intervals that were detected by a Bluetooth tracking system. This application shows that TM has the potential to support a traditional GIS to analyse interval-based geographical data.

关键词： GIS spatio-temporal data analysis temporal query time interval triangular model

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Life history strategies differentiate established from failed non-native freshwater fish in peninsular Florida

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DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS 2022年第1期28卷 160-172页

作者： Lawson, Katelyn M. Hill, Jeffrey E. Univ Florida Trop Aquaculture Lab Sch Forest Fisheries & Geomat Sci Program Fisheries & Aquat Sci 1408 24th St SE Ruskin FL 33570 USA Auburn Univ Dept Biol Sci 101 Rouse Life Sci Auburn AL 36849 USA

Aim Non-native fishes threaten native biodiversity worldwide. Life history traits have been used to predict the risk of establishment for non-native fish in several regions of the world and parts of the United States, but not yet for Florida despite the elevated risk of establishment in the state due to many invasion pathways and favourable climate. Our goal was to identify which life history traits may be useful for predicting which non-native freshwater fishes might successfully establish populations in Peninsular Florida. Location Peninsular Florida, USA. Methods We conducted a factor analysis to evaluate 21 life history traits for 125 fishes in three different groups: native fishes, non-native fish species currently established in Florida and introduced fishes that failed to establish in Florida. We also modelled overall life history traits of those fishes according to the triangular model by Winemiller and Rose to compare overall strategies among the three different groups and tested for significant trait differences between failed and established fishes. Results Our analyses of life history traits showed that successful species have a high investment in their offspring and tend to be larger bodied. Parental care was particularly important, with only one of the established species lacking parental care. triangular life history model results showed that most successfully established species such as those in the family Cichlidae are equilibrium strategists with a high degree of parental care, low-to-intermediate fecundity and a larger maturation size. Main conclusions Understanding the life history strategies and traits that aid in the prediction of non-native fish invasiveness is key for effective risk assessment and management. Further analysis of these traits as predictors of establishment and invasion success is needed, and regional risk assessments of non-native fishes will benefit from inclusion of several traits highlighted in this study.

关键词： exotic invasive K-selected risk assessment r-selected triangular model

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