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trigger algorithm OF VEHICLE AUTOMATIC CRASH NOTIFICATION SYSTEM

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY 2016年第2期17卷 273-280页

作者： Xiao, W. Li, Z. Chen, W. Lu, Y. Jiang, H. Jiangsu Univ Sch Comp Sci & Commun Engn Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China Jiangsu Univ Sch Automot & Traff Engn Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China Jiangsu Univ Sch Mech Engn Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China

The Automatic Crash Notification (ACN) system is an effective technology to decrease the crash response time, improve the level of post-accident rescue and alleviate the severity of injuries. To realize this system, a vehicle terminal is developed. And based on a moving window integral algorithm, the trigger algorithm of ACN system is designed. By comparing the effect of different window widths on the trigger algorithm, we select the window width of the moving window integral algorithm as 8 ms. After system is triggered, different notify types was determined according to the change of velocity in the moving window. A sled impact simulation test shows that the impact can be identified rapidly and also the notify types can be judged by the trigger algorithm. A vehicle road test proves that the ACN system has no false trigger cases. The outcomes of this study support identifications of accidents and crash severities for both occupants and emergency centers.

关键词： Automatic crash notification system trigger algorithm Moving window Sled test

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Implementation of OMTF trigger algorithm with High-Level Synthesis

Implementation of OMTF trigger algorithm with High-Level Syn...

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44th WILGA Symposium on Photonics Applications and Web Engineering

作者： Zabolotny, Wojciech M. Warsaw Univ Technol Inst Elect Syst Ul Nowowiejska 15-19 PL-00665 Warsaw Poland Univ Warsaw Inst Expt Phys Ul Pasteura 5 PL-02093 Warsaw Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9781510630666

The paper presents the implementation of the Overlap Muon Track Finder algorithm using the High-Level Synthesis (HLS). That algorithm has been previously implemented in a highly optimized VHDL code. Therefore, comparison of the implementations based on VHDL code, and on HLS provides an assessment of the suitability of HLS for implementation of complex algorithms. Additionally, analysis of the correlation between the HLS code and parameters of the produced solution gives suggestions regarding the correct implementation of typical data-processing algorithms in HLS.

关键词： HLS FPGA OMTF trigger algorithm Logic synthesis VHDL

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Level-0 trigger algorithms for the ALICE PHOS detector

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NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT 2011年第1期629卷 80-86页

作者： Wang, Dong Liu, Lijiao Huang, Guangming Kral, Jiri Muller, Hans Rohrich, Dieter Ullaland, Kjetil Wang, Yaping Yin, Zhongbao Zhang, Fan Zhou, Daicui Huazhong Normal Univ Coll Phys Sci & Technol Wuhan 430079 Peoples R China Huazhong Normal Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Quark & Lepton Phys Wuhan 430079 Peoples R China Univ Bergen Dept Phys & Technol N-5020 Bergen Norway CERN PH Dept CH-1211 Geneva 23 Switzerland Univ Jyvaskyla Dept Phys SF-40351 Jyvaskyla Finland

The PHOS level-0 trigger provides a minimum bias trigger for p-p collisions and information for a level-1 trigger at both p-p and Pb-Pb collisions. There are two level-0 trigger generating algorithms under consideration: the Direct Comparison algorithm and the Weighted Sum algorithm. In order to study trigger algorithms via simulation, a simplified equivalent model is extracted from the trigger electronics to derive the waveform function of the Analog-or signal as input to the trigger algorithms. Simulations shown that the Weighted Sum algorithm can achieve higher trigger efficiency and provide more precise single channel energy information than the direct compare algorithm. An energy resolution of 9.75 MeV can be achieved with the Weighted Sum algorithm at a sampling rate of 40 Msps (mega samples per second) at 1 GeV. The timing performance at a sampling rate of 40 Msps with the Weighted Sum algorithm is better than that at a sampling rate of 20 Msps with both algorithms. The level-0 trigger can be delivered to ALICE CTP within 800 ns with a timing uncertainty of 2 LHC bunch crossing cycles. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： trigger algorithm trigger efficiency trigger timing

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Level Zero trigger Processor for the ultra rare kaon decay experiment: NA62

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NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT 2017年 845卷 623-627页

作者： Soldi, Dario Chiozzi, S. Gamberini, E. Gianoli, A. Mila, G. Neri, I. Petrucci, F. Univ Turin Via Pietro Giuria 1 I-10137 Turin Italy INFN Torino Via Pietro Giuria 1 I-10137 Turin Italy Univ Ferrara Via Savonarola 9 I-44121 Ferrara Italy INFN Ferrara Via Saragat 1 I-44122 Ferrara Italy

The NA62 experiment is designed to measure the (ultra-)rare decay K+->pi(+)nu(nu) over bar branching ratio with a precision of 10% at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). The L0 trigger Processor (L0TP) is the lowest level system of the trigger chain. It is hardware implemented using programmable logic. The architecture of the L0TP is completely new for a high energy physics experiment. It is fully digital, based on a standard gigabit ethernet communication between detectors and L0TP Board. The L0TP Board is a commercial development board, Terasic DE4, mounting an Altera Stratix IV FPGA. The primitives generated by sub-detectors are sent asynchronously using the UDP protocol to the L0TP during the entire beam spill period (about 5 seconds). The L0TP realigns in time the primitives coming from 7 different sources and manages the information of the time plus all the characteristics of the event as energy, multiplicity and position of hits in order to select good events with a comparison with preset masks. It should guarantee a maximum latency of 1 ms. The maximum input rate is 10 MHz for each sub-detector, while the design maximum output trigger rate is 1 MHz. A complete trigger-less parasitic acquisition of the primitives is possible using mirroring switches to monitor the L0 behavior. A first version of the L0TP was commissioned during the 2014 NA62 pilot run and it is used in the current data taking. A description of the trigger algorithm is here presented. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： NA62 trigger algorithm Ultra rare kaon decay

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A trigger System Based on Fast Sampling ADCs - Implementation and Tests

A Trigger System Based on Fast Sampling ADCs - Implementatio...

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IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)/18th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detectors

作者： Marciniewski, P. Plucinski, P. Fransson, K. Heijkenskojld, L. Kupsc, A. Zlomanczuk, J. Wolke, M. Calen, H. Johansson, T. Hoistad, B. Erven, W. Wuestner, P. Kleines, H. Hejny, V. Coderre, D. Uppsala Univ Inst Phys & Astron Uppsala Sweden Forschungszentrum Juelich Cent Inst Elect Julich Germany Forschungszentrum Juelich Inst Nucl Phys Julich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781467301206

A trigger System for a multi-detector setup is presented. The system takes advantage of the newly developed continuous-sampling 16-channel, 12-bit, 160-Msps ADC modules. The ADCs are equipped with programmable logic (FPGA) and perform on-line digital "charge" integration, resolve pile-ups and compute arrival times of detector signals with an accuracy of 1.5 ns. A fast trigger data lane connects the ADC units to a trigger Module using optical links. Each trigger Module features 16 optical interfaces (SFP) running at 2 Gb/s input data rate and can be used for evaluating trigger decisions or as a DAQ unit. The trigger system was implemented in the WASA@COSY experiment, performing on-line event reconstruction, including complex detector calibration, delivering triggers based on multiplicity of tracks fulfilling deposited energy, scattering angle and Delta E/E criteria. Depending on the trigger algorithm used, the trigger latency measured from the actual detector signal to the trigger output amounts to 1.3 - 1.5 mu s.

关键词： Boolean functions DAQ system Data structures Europe FPGA Optical devices Optical fiber communication analogue-digital conversion calibration complex detector calibration continuous-sampling ADC module data acquisition fast sampling ADC system fast trigger data lane field programmable gate arrays high energy physics instrumentation computing input data rate multidetector setup nuclear electronics on-line digital charge integration process on-line event reconstruction method optical links plastic scintillator detector solid scintillation detectors time 1.5 ns trigger algorithm trigger circuits trigger system

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Study on the trigger logic for the X-IFU Athena anticoincidence system

Study on the trigger logic for the X-IFU Athena anticoincide...

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Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray Part of SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation Conference

作者： Chiarello, Fabio Torrioli, Guido Argan, Andrea D'Andrea, Matteo Macculi, Claudio Piro, Luigi CNR Ist Foton & Nanotecnol Via Fosso Cavaliere 100 I-00133 Rome Italy INAF Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziali Via Fosso Cavaliere 100 I-00133 Rome Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781510653443;9781510653436

The X-IFU is one of the two instruments onboard the Athena X-ray observatory, a large ESA mission to be launched in the 2030 decade. The instrument is based on a large TES-array able to perform simultaneous high-grade energy spectroscopy and imaging. The challenging scientific goals of the instrument also require the reduction of the particle background level. This is obtained by combining the large array with a TES-based Cryogenic Anticoincidence detector (CryoAC), which allows to veto the unwanted events. One of the key elements of the CryoAC system is the trigger logic, an algorithm able to identify the events measured by the CryoAC detector. The requirements for the CryoAC lead to the development of a sophisticated algorithm capable of achieving the required trade-off between conflicting parameters, such as trigger efficiency and dead-time, with precise time-tagging and pile-up identification. The trigger logic is based on a finite state machine and it is able to identify, in addition to the pulse-shaped events, particular conditions such as the saturation of the CryoAC detector. Due to the peculiar CryoAC pulses features and timing, the developed algorithm is based on derivatives of the signal evaluated by moving averages computed in six contiguous sliding windows, updated at every sample. The algorithm has been tested with a sequence of simulated data stream, showing the compliance with the requirements.

关键词： Athena X-IFU CryoAC TES trigger algorithm

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Vehicle Side Slip Angle Estimation Methodology Using a Drive Recorder

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JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND CONTROL 2010年第4期16卷 571-583页

作者： Iijima, Takeshi Raksincharoensak, Pongsathorn Michitsuji, Yohei Nagai, Masao Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol Dept Mech Syst Engn Koganei Tokyo 1848588 Japan

In this paper we describe a side slip angle estimation methodology especially for a drive recorder which has limited vehicle sensing information. The drive recorder has attracted the attention of many researchers recently since its captured data contains valuable information that can enhance traffic safety. As the current algorithm of video capture and data acquisition, it detects hard braking by using acceleration sensor values and records the video image and vehicle data in that situation. However, the conventional trigger algorithm cannot be activated and the data cannot be recorded when the vehicle is in a side slip situation on a low friction road with low acceleration. We propose an estimation method of the vehicle side slip angle which uses lateral acceleration, yaw rate and velocity without requiring information about the steering wheel angle for the drive recorder configuration. In this paper we describe a synthesis of the estimation method based on a two-wheel lateral vehicle dynamics model and validation of the proposed methodology by experiments using an actual vehicle.

关键词： Vehicle dynamics side slip angle drive recorder estimation trigger algorithm

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Searching for long faint astronomical high energy transients: a data driven approach

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EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY 2023年第2-3期56卷 557-568页

作者： Crupi, Riccardo Dilillo, Giuseppe Bissaldi, Elisabetta Ward, Kester Fiore, Fabrizio Vacchi, Andrea Univ Udine DMIF Via Sci 206 I-33100 Udine Italy INAF Osservatorio Astron Trieste Via Tiepolo 11 I-34143 Trieste Italy INAF IAPS Via Fosso Cavaliere 100 I-00113 Rome Italy Politecn Bari Dipartimento Interateneo Fis Via E Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Sez Bari Via E Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy Univ Lancaster STOR I Doctoral Training Ctr Lancaster England Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Sez Trieste Via Padriciano 99 I-34149 Trieste Italy

HERMES Pathfinder is an in-orbit demonstration consisting of a constellation of six 3U nano-satellites hosting simple but innovative detectors for the monitoring of cosmic high-energy transients. The main objective of HERMES Pathfinder is to prove that accurate position of high-energy cosmic transients can be obtained using miniaturized hardware. The transient position is obtained by studying the delay time of arrival of the signal to different detectors hosted by nano-satellites on low-Earth orbits. In this context, we need to develop novel tools to fully exploit the future scientific data output of HERMES Pathfinder. In this paper, we introduce a new framework to assess the background count rate of a spaceborne, high energy detector;a key step towards the identification of faint astrophysical transients. We employ a neural network to estimate the background lightcurves on different timescales. Subsequently, we employ a fast change-point and anomaly detection technique called Poisson-FOCuS to identify observation segments where statistically significant excesses in the observed count rate relative to the background estimate exist. We test the new software on archival data from the NASA Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM), which has a collecting area and background level of the same order of magnitude to those of HERMES Pathfinder. The neural network performances are discussed and analyzed over period of both high and low solar activity. We were able to confirm events in the Fermi-GBM catalog, both solar flares and gamma-ray bursts, and found events, not present in Fermi-GBM database, that could be attributed to solar flares, terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, gamma-ray bursts and galactic X-ray flashes. Seven of these are selected and further analyzed, providing an estimate of localisation and a tentative classification.

关键词： Gamma-ray burst Deep learning trigger algorithm Background estimation

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Stack-CNN algorithm: A new approach for the detection of space objects

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JOURNAL OF SPACE SAFETY ENGINEERING 2022年第1期9卷 72-82页

作者： Montanaro, A. Ebisuzaki, T. Bertaina, M. Univ Torino Dipartimento Fis I-10125 Turin Italy RIKEN Computat Astrophys Lab Wako 3510198 Japan Politecn Torino Dept Elect & Telecommun Turin Italy

We present a new trigger algorithm combining a stacking procedure and a Convolutional Neural Network that could be applied to any space object moving linearly or with a known trajectory in the field of view of a telescope. This includes the detection of high velocity fragmentation debris in orbit. A possible implementation is as trigger system for an orbiting Space Debris remediation system. The algorithm was initially developed as offline system for the Multiwavelength Imaging New Instrument for the Extreme Universe Space Observatory (Mini-EUSO), on the International Space Station. We evaluated the performance of the algorithm on simulated data and compared it with those obtained by means of a more conventional trigger algorithm. Results indicate that this method would allow to recognise signals with similar to 1% Signal over Background Ratio (SBR) on poissonian random fluctuations with a negligible fake trigger rate. Such promising results lead us to not only consider this technique as an online trigger system, but also as an offline method for searching moving signals and their characteristics (speed and direction). More generally, any kind of telescope (on the ground or in space) such as those used for space debris, meteors monitoring or cosmic ray science, could benefit from this automatized technique. The content of this paper is part of the recent Italian patent proposal submitted by the authors (patent application number: 102021000009845).

关键词： Convolutional neural network Space debris trigger algorithm

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Optimization of Low-Cost Monitoring Systems for On-Site Earthquake Early-Warning of Critical Infrastructures 20th

Optimization of Low-Cost Monitoring Systems for On-Site Eart...

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20th International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA)

作者： D'Alessandro, Antonino Scudero, Salvatore Vitale, Giovanni Di Benedetto, Andrea Lo Bosco, Giosue Osservatorio Nazl Terremoti Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol I-00143 Rome Italy Univ Palermo Dipartimento Sci Terra & Mare DiSTeM I-90123 Palermo Italy Univ Palermo Dipartimento Matemat & Informat I-90123 Palermo Italy Ist Euro Mediterraneo Sci & Tecnol Dipartimento Sci Innovaz Tecnol I-90139 Palermo Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783030588021;9783030588014

In the last years, monitoring systems based on low-cost and miniaturized sensors (MEMS) revealed as a very successful compromise between the availability of data and their quality. Also applications in the field of seismic and structural monitoring have been constantly increasing in term of number and variety of functions. Among these applications, the implementation of systems for earthquake early warning is a cutting-edge topic, mainly for its relevance for the society as millions of peoples in various regions of the world are exposed to high seismic hazard. This paper introduces the optimization of an already established seismic (and structural) monitoring system, that would make it suitable for the implementation of the earthquake early warning. In particular, the sampling code has been improved and a new triggering algorithm able to automatically detect the ground shaking due to the propagation of the seismic waves has been developed. The preliminary results indicate that the system is very flexible and easy to implement, and encourage to perform further developing steps.

关键词： Seismic monitoring Structural monitoring MEMS Earthquake early warning trigger algorithm

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