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Combining genetic algorithm and pairwise testing for optimised test generation from uml ADs

IET SOFTWARE 2019年第5期13卷 423-433页

作者： Anbunathan, R. Basu, Anirban Bharathiar Univ Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India APS Coll Engn Dept CSE Bangalore Karnataka India

Unified modelling language (uml) activity diagram (AD) is used to represent system behaviour abstractly and is used by testers to generate test cases and test data. During the design of test cases, AD with concurrent activities may lead to a large number of paths, and it may not always be possible to test all execution paths. Research on deriving test cases from AD having concurrent activities has focused on conventional search techniques such as breadth-first search and depth-first search which has been found to be inefficient in such cases. To overcome this drawback, the authors propose a method using pairwise testing and genetic algorithm to derive a reduced number of test cases in AD with concurrent activities. Experiments conducted on various real-life concurrent systems show that the proposed technique generates a reduced number of test cases compared with existing methods.

关键词： genetic algorithms program testing Unified Modeling Language genetic algorithm pairwise testing optimised test generation uml activity diagram test cases test data concurrent activities

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Supporting inheritance hierarchy changes in model-based regression test selection

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SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS MODELING 2019年第2期18卷 937-958页

作者： Al-Refai, Mohammed Ghosh, Sudipto Cazzola, Walter Colorado State Univ Dept Comp Sci Ft Collins CO 80523 USA Univ Milan Dept Comp Sci Milan Italy

Models can be used to ease and manage the development, evolution, and runtime adaptation of a software system. When models are adapted, the resulting models must be rigorously tested. Apart from adding new test cases, it is also important to perform regression testing to ensure that the evolution or adaptation did not break existing functionality. Since regression testing is performed with limited resources and under time constraints, regression test selection (RTS) techniques are needed to reduce the cost of regression testing. Applying model-level RTS for model-based evolution and adaptation is more convenient than using code-level RTS because the test selection process happens at the same level of abstraction as that of evolution and adaptation. In earlier work, we proposed a model-based RTS approach called MaRTS to be used with a fine-grained model-based adaptation framework that targets applications implemented in Java. MaRTS uses uml models consisting of class and activity diagrams. It classifies test cases as obsolete, reusable, or retestable based on changes made to uml class and activity diagrams of the system being adapted. However, MaRTS did not take into account the changes made to the inheritance hierarchy in the class diagram and the impact of these changes on the selection of test cases. This paper extends MaRTS to support such changes and demonstrates that the extended approach performs as well as or better than code-based RTS approaches in safely selecting regression test cases. While MaRTS can generally be used during any model-driven development or model-based evolution activity, we have developed it in the context of runtime adaptation. We evaluated the extended MaRTS on a set of applications and compared the results with code-based RTS approaches that also support changes to the inheritance hierarchy. The results showed that the extended MaRTS selected all the test cases relevant to the inheritance hierarchy changes and that the fault detection

关键词： Executable uml models Inheritance hierarchy Model-based adaptation Model-based regression test selection Model validation Runtime adaptation uml activity diagram uml class diagram

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Flowgen: Flowchart-based documentation for C plus plus codes

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COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS 2015年 196卷 497-505页

作者： Kosower, David A. Lopez-Villarejo, J. J. CEA Saclay Inst Phys Theor F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette France

We present the Flowgen tool, which generates flowcharts from annotated C++ source code. The tool generates a set of interconnected high-level uml activity diagrams, one for each function or method in the C++ sources. It provides a simple and visual overview of complex implementations of numerical algorithms. Flowgen is complementary to the widely-used Doxygen documentation tool. The ultimate aim is to render complex C++ computer codes accessible, and to enhance collaboration between programmers and algorithm or science specialists. We describe the tool and a proof-of-concept application to the VINCIA plug-in for simulating collisions at CERN's Large Hadron Collider. Program summary Program title: Flowgen Catalogue identifier: AEXD_v1_0 Program summary URL: http://***/summaries/AEXD_v1_*** Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: GPLv2 No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 81876 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 17125950 Distribution format: *** Programming language: Python 3, Java. Computer: PC, Workstation. Operating system: Linux, MacOS, Windows. RAM: Varying Classification: 6.2, 20. External routines: LibClang, Plantuml Nature of problem: To document visually the dynamic behavior of complex scientific algorithms coded in C++. Solution method: Generation of a set of interconnected uml activity diagrams from annotated C++ sources. Running time: The examples provided take only seconds to run. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Flowgen C plus Visual documentation uml activity diagram Flowchart High-level design Annotated sources Doxygen

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A new methodology for automated Petri Net generation: Method application

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RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY 2019年第May期185卷 113-123页

作者： Latsou, Christina Dunnett, Sarah J. Jackson, Lisa M. Loughborough Univ Dept Aeronaut & Automot Engn Epinal Way Loughborough LE11 3TU Leics England

Highlights • Full automated PN generation taking as input a topology diagram as used in industry. • Direct transformation of a uml AD of a system/process to the corresponding PN. • Handling and efficiently modelling systems/processes with dependencies and loops. • Providing generic applicability, without targeting specific domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： Risk and reliability Automatic Petri Net generation uml activity diagram Model transformation MySQL database

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Verification of problem-based learning systems using modified petri nets

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EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS 2012年第16期39卷 12636-12649页

作者： Shen, Victor R. L. Wang, Yu-Ying Yang, Cheng-Ying Yeh, Szu-Tso Taipei Municipal Univ Educ Dept Comp Sci Taipei 100 Taiwan Natl Taipei Univ Coll Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn New Taipei City 237 Taiwan Jinwen Univ Sci & Technol Dept Appl Japanese New Taipei City 23154 Taiwan Natl Taipei Univ Coll Elect Engn & Comp Sci Grad Inst Elect Engn New Taipei City 237 Taiwan

In this paper, we intend to verify a web-based system on problem-based learning (PBL). To consider the design flow of the web-based PBL system, it is essential to avoid the potential hazard introduced by a logically incorrect system design. In order to eliminate the potential hazard, we define a new class of Petri net, namely, an activity Flow (AF) net, which is suitable to be converted from a uml (Unified Modeling Language) activity diagram. Through the siphon-based deadlock detection of the AF net, we can find whether there is a process hazard in the uml activity diagram or not. This is helpful to implement the PBL system and to ensure the correct activities and the right control flow. In addition, we attempt to enhance the quality of the system verification by using a questionnaire. Thus we can interpret the user's level of satisfaction with the designed PBL system. These two verification approaches bring us to achieve an adequately positive response to the web-based PBL system. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Problem-based learning (PBL) Web-based instruction system Petri net theory Minimal siphon uml activity diagram AF net

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Validating object-oriented software at design phase by achieving MC/DC

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEM ASSURANCE ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 2019年第4期10卷 811-823页

作者： Barisal, Swadhin Kumar Behera, Suvam Suvabrata Godboley, Sangharatna Mohapatra, Durga Prasad Natl Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Rourkela Odisha India Natl Univ Singapore Dept Comp Sci & Engn Singapore Singapore

This paper deals with a new technique for validating object-oriented software at design phase of project development. There are several modeling diagrams used at design phase of Software Development Life Cycle. But in this paper, we focus on uml activity diagram. In our work, first we construct the uml activity diagram for the given system using Argouml. Then, the XML ("EXtensible Markup Language") code is generated for the constructed activity diagram. Next, this XML code is translated to XSD ("XML Schema Definition") code. This XSD code is given as input to JAXB ("Java Architecture for XML Binding"), which generates the Java template. Then, this Java template is instrumented to a complete Java program with minimal manual effort. Next, we carryout concolic testing of this Java code using jCUTE. This tool generates test cases by taking the Java program as input. Then, the obtained test suite and generated Java source code are inputed into our in-house developed tool named COPECA (COverage PErcentage CAlculator) to calculate MC/DC (Modified Condition/Decision Coverage) score. We have achieved 56.31% MC/DC on doing experiment with fourteen activity diagrams, which is a fair (moderate) achievement compared to the existing work.

关键词： uml activity diagram MC/DC testing Concolic testing

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Model Driven Approach to Secure Optimized Test Paths for Smart Samsung Pay using Hybrid Genetic Tabu Search Algorithm

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SYSTEM MODELING AND DESIGN 2018年第1期9卷 77-91页

作者： Rathee, Nisha Chhillar, Rajender Singh MDU Rohtak Dept Comp Sci & Applicat Rohtak Haryana India MDU Rohtak Dept Comp Sci Rohtak Haryana India MDU Rohtak UIET Rohtak Haryana India MDU Rohtak Comp Ctr Rohtak Haryana India MDU Rohtak Board Studies Rohtak Haryana India MDU Rohtak Execut & Acad Councils Rohtak Haryana India

Smart mobile pay applications on smart devices have been considered as the most efficient and secure mode of contactless payment. To safeguard customer credit/ debit card details, testing of mobile pay solutions like Samsung Pay is most important and critical task for testers. Testing of all the test cases is very tedious and a time-consuming task, therefore optimization techniques have been used to identify most optimized test paths. In this article, a hybrid genetic and tabu search optimization (HGTO) algorithm is proposed to secure optimized test paths using activity diagram of the smart Samsung Pay application. The proposed approach has been implemented using C++ language on the case study of the Smart Samsung Pay and an online airline reservation system. The experimental results show that the proposed technique is more effective in automatic generation and optimization of test paths, as compared to a simple genetic algorithm.

关键词： Genetic Algorithm Hybrid Genetic Tabu Search Optimization (HGTO) Algorithm Smart Samsung Pay Tabu Search Algorithm Test Path Optimization uml activity diagram

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Optimization of Favourable Test Path Sequences Using Bio-Inspired Natural River System Algorithm

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JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021年第2期14卷 85-105页

作者： Rathee, Nisha Chhillar, Rajender Singh Indira Gandhi Delhi Tech Univ Women Dept Informat Technol Delhi India Maharshi Dayanand Univ MDU Dept Comp Sci Rohtak Haryana India

Testing of software requires a great amount of time and effort. The tester's main aim is to design optimized test sequences with a minimum amount of time, effort, and with less redundancy. Testers have used artificial intelligence meta-heuristic algorithms for optimization of test sequences. The model-driven approach is helpful in the generation of test sequences at early designing phase only. The model-driven approach uses uml diagram to represent the system's behavior and design test cases for the system at design stage of software development life cycle. The proposed approach uses natural river system for optimizing favourable non-redundant test path sequences using uml activity diagrams and sequence diagrams. The implementation of proposed approach has been done using python and results show that the proposed approach provides full coverage of test paths with less redundant test nodes compared to other meta heuristic algorithms.

关键词： Bio-Inspired Optimization Techniques Genetic Algorithm Intelligent Water Drop Natural River System Test Path Sequences uml activity diagram

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Using uml for Modelling Cross-Cutting Concerns in Aspect Oriented Software Engineering

Using UML for Modelling Cross-Cutting Concerns in Aspect Ori...

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3rd International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies

作者： Albunni, Nada Petridis, Miltos Univ Greenwich Sch Comp & Math Sci London SE18 6PF England

ISBN: (纸本)9781424417513

This paper discusses the use of uml artefacts to model cross-cutting concerns in Web application development. The concept of aspect-oriented design is discussed in the context of separating concerns for the development of Web based applications. Current approaches in the use of uml diagrams to support aspect-oriented design are discussed and evaluated in terms of their ability to support the specification, change, maintenance, testing and reuse of aspects during requirements elicitation and throughout the software engineering life cycle. An approach based on uml activity diagrams is proposed, discussed and evaluated. This approach focuses on the use of "swim lanes" for capturing business requirements and the use of "pluggable" business rules to capture and separate aspects within the overall business process.

关键词： Aspect-oriented Software Development uml activity diagram Business Rules

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Decomposition, validation and documentation of control process specification in form of a Petri net

Decomposition, validation and documentation of control proce...

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7th International Conference on Human System Interactions (HSI)

作者： Grobelna, Iwona Wisniewska, Monika Wisniewski, Remigiusz Grobelny, Michal Mroz, Piotr Univ Zielona Gora Zielona Gora Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9781479947140

The article focuses on some aspects regarding logic controller design. Control process is formally specified using interpreted Petri nets. It is then formally verified against behavioral properties using model checking technique and temporal logic. Formal specification can also be documented as uml activity diagram. One can then benefit from advantages of both specification techniques - Petri nets with a wide range of mathematical support and user-friendly uml activity diagrams. An interpreted Petri net can also be decomposed into state machine components (SMCs), each of them to be implemented in a separate module of FPGA device.

关键词： interpreted Petri net hypergraph decomposition uml activity diagram model checking

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