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16th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR)

作者： Alvaro, Francisco Martin-Albo, Daniel WIRIS Math & Sci Barcelona Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781538658758

There are thousands of unicode characters and hence it can be hard to visually find a particular one. For this reason, we aimed at developing a tool that allows to handwrite a character and receive a list of the most similar candidates to that input. This tool will be integrated in a math editor which handles more than 5,000 different unicode characters. Since no public datasets were found to fit our needs, we crowdsourced the acquisition of online handwritten data for training purposes. We developed a neural network combining convolutional layers with shape-based features to classify online handwritten unicode characters. To make the model more robust to input variability, we used data augmentation in the form of affine transformations. We achieved a top-20 error rate of 12.64% on validation data and received positive feedback from users, thus validating that crowdsourcing is a proper method for online handwriting acquisition. Finally, we deployed the model wrapped in a JSON-based REST API and released a public demo using it. This way, we present the full development cycle of a unicode character classifier.

关键词： crowdsourcing online handwriting unicode character classification neural networks

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From legacy encodings to unicode: the graphical and logical principles in the scripts of South Asia

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LANGUAGE RESOURCES AND EVALUATION 2007年第1期41卷 1-25页

作者： Hardie, Andrew Univ Lancaster Dept Linguist & English Language Lancaster LA1 4YT England

Much electronic text in the languages of South Asia has been published on the Internet. However, while unicode has emerged as the favoured encoding system of corpus and computational linguists, most South Asian language data on the web uses one of a wide range of non-standard legacy encodings. This paper describes the difficulties inherent in converting text in these encodings to unicode. Among the various legacy encodings for South Asian scripts, the most problematic are 8-bit fonts based on graphical principles (as opposed to the logical principles of unicode). Graphical fonts typically encode several features in ways highly incompatible with unicode. For instance, half-form glyphs used to construct conjunct consonants are typically separate code points in 8-bit fonts;in unicode they are represented by the full consonant followed by virama. There are many more such cases. The solution described here is an approach to text conversion based on mapping rules. A small number of generalised rules (plus the capacity for more specialised rules) captures the behaviour of each character in a font, building up a conversion algorithm for that encoding. This system is embedded in a font-mapping program, outputting CES-compliant SGML unicode. This program, a generalised text-conversion tool, has been employed extensively in corpus-building for South Asian languages.

关键词： unicode font devanagari South Asian languages scripts legacy text encoding conversion virama conjunct consonant vowel diacritic

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An improved algorithm for information hiding based on features of Arabic text: A unicode approach

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EGYPTIAN INFORMATICS JOURNAL 2014年第2期15卷 79-87页

作者： Mohamed, A. A. Salman Bin Abdulaziz Univ Al Kharj Saudi Arabia

Steganography means how to hide secret information in a cover media, so that other individuals fail to realize their existence. Due to the lack of data redundancy in the text file in comparison with other carrier files, text steganography is a difficult problem to solve. In this paper, we proposed a new promised steganographic algorithm for Arabic text based on features of Arabic text. The focus is on more secure algorithm and high capacity of the carrier. Our extensive experiments using the proposed algorithm resulted in a high capacity of the carrier media. The embedding capacity rate ratio of the proposed algorithm is high. In addition, our algorithm can resist traditional attacking methods since it makes the changes in carrier text as minimum as possible. (C) 2014 Production and hosting by Elsevier B. V. on behalf of Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University.

关键词： Information hiding Information security Arabic language Steganography unicode

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Accordion Arrays: Selective Compression of unicode Arrays in Java

Accordion Arrays: Selective Compression of Unicode Arrays in...

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International Symposium on Memory Management

作者： Zilles, Craig Univ Illinois Dept Comp Sci Urbana IL 61801 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781595938930

In this work, we present accordion arrays, a straight-forward and effective memory compression technique targeting unicode-based character arrays. In many non-numeric Java programs, character arrays represent a significant fraction (30-40% on average) of the heap memory allocated. In many locales, most, but not all, of those arrays consist entirely of characters whose top bytes are zeros, and, hence, can be stored as byte arrays without loss of information. In order to get the almost factor of two compression rate for character vectors, two challenges must be overcome: 1) all code that reads and writes character vectors must dynamically determine which kind of array is being accessed and perform byte or character loads/stores as appropriate, and 2) compressed vectors must be dynamically inflated when an incompressible character is written. We demonstrate how these challenges can be overcome with minimal space and execution time overhead, resulting in an average speedup of 2% across our benchmark suite, with individual speedups as high as 8%.

关键词： Array Character Compression Java Memory Management Polymorphism unicode

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Cryptographic system based on unicode 6

Cryptographic system based on Unicode

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6th Scientific Conference on Renewable Energy and its Applications

作者： AL-Shakarchy, Noor D. Al-Shahad, Huda F. AL-Nasrawi, Dhamyaa A. Univ Kerbala Coll Sci Comp Sci Dept Kerbala Iraq

During recent years, information security plays major roles with the wide use and development in communications networks. Stronger encryption and decryption represent the important demand in most applications. This strength can be achieved by data encryption and decryption algorithms which are very hard to crack and accomplish. The CIA security aims are Confidentiality, Integrity and Authenticity. In this paper, a novel cryptographic system was proposed based on principles of unicode and crossover;This new combination add high level of security to proposed system. The English plaintext was converted to symbols in unicode, key generated based on Arabic alphabet(also converted to unicode), while the encryption and decryption method implemented depend on crossover principle by encryption and decryption keys K1,K2. Two parents (English plaintext, and encryption key) selected for mating using Average Crossover method (AC) which product one child only (Encrypted text) and vice versa in decryption method using decryption key. The security was achieved by confusion and diffusion concepts;variations and randomness in the encrypted text make the features of the original language are unclear;so the prediction of the plain text is difficult.

关键词： Crossover Cryptographic Ciphertext Key generation Randomness unicode

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Feature Set for unicode based Word Processor Supporting Urdu and Arabic Scripts 6

Feature Set for Unicode based Word Processor Supporting Urdu...

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6th International Conference on Innovative Computing Technology (INTECH)

作者： Jan, S. Tahir Ali Muhammad, Uzair Rauf, Usman Zafar, Adeel Riphah Int Univ Fac Comp Islamabad Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9781509020003

Word processors, replaced typewriters in 70s, are much used application program used for day to day tasks of digital writing for any natural language. unicode based languages particularly Urdu and Arabic script languages are in limelight for last two decades. This paper presents a survey of the existing word processors supporting unicode based languages focusing Urdu language, which is mainly spoken in the subcontinent. This also presents a complete set of features for an Urdu Word Processor (UWP). The UWP is being implemented using dot net with all the specified basic and advance features and functionality, which can be googled and downloaded freely.

关键词： Urdu Word Processor NLP Language Processing Tools unicode

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The Construction of the Multilingual Internet: unicode, Hebrew, and Globalization

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION 2013年第3期18卷 321-338页

作者： John, Nicholas A. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem Dept Commun & Journalism IL-91905 Jerusalem Israel

This paper examines the technologies that enable the representation of Hebrew on websites. Hebrew is written from right to left and in non-Latin characters, issues shared by a number of languages which seem to be converging on a shared solutionunicode. Regarding the case of Hebrew, I show how competing solutions have given way to one dominant technology. I link processes in the Israeli context with broader questions about the multilingual Internet,' asking whether the commonly accepted solution for representing non-Latin texts on computer screens is an instance of cultural imperialism and convergence around a western artifact. It is argued that while minority languages are given an online voice by unicode, the context is still one of western power.

关键词： multilingual Internet unicode globalization Hebrew infrastructure

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A Solution for Developing International Software Based on unicode 5

A Solution for Developing International Software Based on Un...

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5th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Engineering Applications (ISDEA)

作者： Gao Bo Qiang Xinjian Xian Shiyou Univ Sch Comp Sci Xian 710065 Shaanxi Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479942626

According to unicode theory, this paper introduced a solution for developing international software based on unicode. Firstly, multi-language support software system concept and main characteristics was presented. Secondly, unicode basic concept was given. Thirdly, several type of character encoding were discussed, includes SBCS (Single-Byte Character Set), MBCS (Multi-Byte Character Set), and unicode. Fourthly, the implementing software multi-language support based on unicode was then explained in detail, such as defining a string, compiler settings and file storage, and bilingual GUI. Finally, it pointed out that based on unicode to design the internationalization software will become a new trend in the industry.

关键词： Single-Byte Character Set Multi-Byte Character Set unicode Character Encoding Arabic

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Securing the unicode Data transmission on IoT Environment using Hybrid Encryption Scheme (HES)

Securing the UNICODE Data transmission on IoT Environment us...

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11th International Conference of Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI)

作者： Sundarrajan, M. Narayanan, A. E. Periyar Maniammai Inst Sci & Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Thanjavur India

ISBN: (纸本)9781728158754

Data Security offers praxis for the protection of the various forms of information. Information is transmitted in various kinds as ASCII textual content, image, video, audio, unicode text, and so on. Various algorithms are recommended by different scientists for dealing with copy protection. The current cryptographic algorithms are concentrating on ASCII textual content. Within the electronic data transmission era, a lot of symmetric cryptographic algorithms are unveiled by using S boxes. S box is a crucial part of certain clusters of cryptographic algorithms. A few cryptographic algorithms rely on a fixed S box, which produces insecurity to electronic information. The current S box idea manages ASCII copy just. This particular study newspaper provides the 2 sets of information that are carried out by AMES, the Hardy wall algorithm, the very first class applied to a concealed procedure. The next class was viewed as a method of each embedding as well as encryption. The information within the 2nd class is cut back towards the scope of enough for the modulation procedure, by removing the high-value properties of its then getting rid of them out of the mother's info trend. The procedure for encrypting the 2 sets of information will come in concert with the Hybrid Encryption Scheme (HES) feature. Algorithms have been designed to conceal as well as encrypt 1 as well as 2-dimensional information. Decryption algorithms have been designed to send back encrypted details to the original forms of theirs, as well as buying the imitation information. Results were satisfied with the security level on data transmission and also this scheme has reduced the number of attacks on comparing with various existing algorithms.

关键词： AMES Hardy wall Encryption Decryption HSE Data Security IoT unicode

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Simulation of HSTL IO Standard Based Energy Efficient Punjabi unicode Reader on FPGA

Simulation of HSTL IO Standard Based Energy Efficient Punjab...

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International Conference on Open Source Systems and Technologies (ICOSST)

作者： Pandey, Bishwajeet Singh, Gurpreet Parhyar, Rashid Siddique Farooq, Umar Kumar, Tanesh Chitkara Univ Punjab Res & Innovat Network Chandigarh India COMSATS Inst Informat & Technol Lahore Lahore Pakistan Indus Univ Dept Comp Sci Karachi Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9781479920549

Punjabi is ranked 1st in languages of Pakistan [5], 11th in Indian languages [6] and 3rd in Indian Subcontinent. In order to write Punjabi: Gurmukhi script is used in India and Shahmukhi in Pakistan. A lot of research is going on in Pakistan and India in the domain of natural language processing but, no research group is working especially for Punjabi to design unicode reader. The unicode range of characters for Gurmukhi script is 0x0A01-0x0A75. In this work, we are trying to fill this research gap in Punjabi natural language processing. This paper covers the hardware design and implementation of Punjabi unicode Reader (PUR) for Gurmukhi scripts on Virtex-6 FPGA. This PUR design was tested with device operating frequency of 25 MHz, 125 MHz, 625 MHz, 1 GHz and 25 GHz. HSTL (High Speed Transceiver Logic) and I/O standard is used to make this design more energy efficient. Using HSTL_I_12, 38-50% I/O power was noticed and while using HSTL_II, the saving increases to 49-61 %, with the device operating in range of 25MHz to 25GHz. This unicode reader can count the number of vowel, consonants, and digit when used with counter.

关键词： Punjabi unicode Reader Gurumukhi Shahmukhi unicode HSTL IO Standard Energy Efficient Hardware design FPGA

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