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New Text Steganography Technique Based on Part-of-Speech Tagging and Format-Preserving Encryption

KSII TRANSACTIONS ON INTERNET AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2024年第1期18卷 170-191页

作者： Majeed, Mohammed Abdul Sulaiman, Rossilawati Shukur, Zarina Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia Fac Informat Sci & Technol Ctr Cyber Secur Bangi 43600 Selangor Malaysia

The transmission of confidential data using cover media is called steganography. The three requirements of any effective steganography system are high embedding capacity, security, and imperceptibility. The text file's structure, which makes syntax and grammar more visually obvious than in other media, contributes to its poor imperceptibility. Text steganography is regarded as the most challenging carrier to hide secret data because of its insufficient redundant data compared to other digital objects. unicode characters, especially non-printing or invisible, are employed for hiding data by mapping a specific amount of secret data bits in each character and inserting the character into cover text spaces. These characters are known with limited spaces to embed secret data. Current studies that used unicode characters in text steganography focused on increasing the data hiding capacity with insufficient redundant data in a text file. A sequential embedding pattern is often selected and included in all available positions in the cover text. This embedding pattern negatively affects the text steganography system's imperceptibility and security. Thus, this study attempts to solve these limitations using the Part-of-speech (POS) tagging technique combined with the randomization concept in data hiding. Combining these two techniques allows inserting the unicode characters in randomized patterns with specific positions in the cover text to increase data hiding capacity with minimum effects on imperceptibility and security. Format-preserving encryption (FPE) is also used to encrypt a secret message without changing its size before the embedding processes. By comparing the proposed technique to already existing ones, the results demonstrate that it fulfils the cover file's capacity, imperceptibility, and security requirements.

关键词： Text Steganography Format-based Steganography Part of Speech Format- Preserving Encryption unicode characters

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Fine-grain watermarking for intellectual property protection

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EURASIP JOURNAL ON INFORMATION SECURITY 2019年第1期2019卷 1-20页

作者： Rizzo, Stefano Giovanni Bertini, Flavio Montesi, Danilo Qatar Comp Res Inst QCRI HBKU Doha Qatar Univ Bologna Dept Comp Sci & Engn Mura Anteo Zamboni 7 I-40126 Bologna Italy

The current online digital world, consisting of thousands of newspapers, blogs, social media, and cloud file sharing services, is providing easy and unlimited access to a large treasure of text contents. Making copies of these text contents is simple and virtually costless. As a result, producers and owners of text content are interested in the protection of their intellectual property (IP) rights. Digital watermarking has become crucially important in the protection of digital contents. Out of all, text watermarking poses many challenges, since text is characterized by a low capacity to embed a watermark and allows only a restricted number of alternative syntactic and semantic permutations. This becomes even harder when authors want to protect not just a whole book or article, but each single sentence or paragraph, a problem well known to copyright law. In this paper, we present a fine-grain text watermarking method that protects even small portions of the digital content. The core method is based on homoglyph characters substitution for latin symbols and whitespaces. It allows to produce a watermarked version of the original text, preserving the anonymity of the users according to the right to privacy. In particular, the embedding and extraction algorithms allow to continuously protect the watermark through the whole document in a fine-grain fashion. It ensures visual indistinguishability and length preservation, meaning that it does not cause overhead to the original document, and it is robust to the copy and past of small excerpts of the text. We use a real dataset of 1.8 million New York articles to evaluate our method. We evaluate and compare the robustness against common attacks, and we propose a new measure for partial copy and paste robustness. The results show the effectiveness of our approach providing an average length of 101 characters needed to embed the watermark and allowing to protect paragraph-long excerpt or smaller the 94.5% of the times.

关键词： Digital text watermarking unicode characters Copyright protection Copyright enforcement Tampering detection

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unicode For Hiding Information In A Text Document 14

UNICODE For Hiding Information In A Text Document

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14th IEEE International Conference on Application of Information and Communication Technologies (AICT)

作者： Zaynalov, N. R. Mavlonov, O. N. Muhamadiev, A. N. Dusmurod, Qilichev Rahmatullaev, I. R. Tashkent Univ Informat Technol Informat Secur Dept Samarkand Branch Samarkand Uzbekistan

ISBN: (纸本)9781728173863

Steganography is a unique approach for developing tools and methods to hide the fact of transmitting a secret message. The first traces of steganographic methods are lost in ancient times. From detective works, various methods of secret writing between the lines of ordinary text are well known: from milk to complex chemical reagents with subsequent processing. Digital steganography is based on hiding or embedding additional information in digital objects, while causing some distortion of these objects. In this case, text, images, audio, video, network packets, and so on can be used as objects or containers. To embed a secret message, steganographic methods rely on redundant container information or properties that the human perception system cannot distinguish. Recently, there has been a lot of research in the field of hiding information in a text container, since text documents are used in many organizations. Based on this, here the MS Word document is considered as a data carrier, which has various parameters, changing these parameters can achieve data integration. In the same article, we present steganography using invisible unicode characters of the Space type, but with different encoding. A combined approach for encoding Latin characters is proposed for the effectiveness of the method.

关键词： unicode unicode characters steganography Digital steganography steganographic methods hiding information MS Word document

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New Text Steganography Technique based on Multilayer Encoding with Format-Preserving Encryption and Huffman Coding

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED COMPUTER SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS 2022年第12期13卷 163-172页

作者： Majeed, Mohammed Abdul Sulaiman, Rossilawati Shukur, Zarina Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia Fac Informat Sci & Technol Ctr Cyber Secur UKM Bangi 43600 Selangor Malaysia

Steganography is the process of hiding secret data inside other media or cover media. Balancing the requirements for capacity, security, and imperceptibility is the main challenge for any successful steganography system. In text steganography, the data hiding capacity is limited because of the lack of redundant data compared to other digital media, such as images, video, or audio. Other challenges in text steganography are imperceptibility and security. Poor imperceptibility results from the structure of the text file, which is more visually apparent in terms of syntax and grammar than in other media. Low level of security results from the sequential selection of positions for embedding secret data due to insufficient redundant data in a text file. Therefore, an attacker or a third party would notice slight changes in the text file. This paper proposes a new text steganography method that combines cryptography and compression techniques to deal with these issues. This technique is used to conceal secret data to achieve high data hiding capacity in the cover text while maintaining security and imperceptibility. Multilayer encoding and Format-Preserving Encryption (FPE) with Huffman Coding, are applied to secret data before embedding. Invisible unicode characters are employed to embed secret data into English text files to generate stego files. Results show that the proposed method satisfies capacity and imperceptibility in the cover file by comparing it with previously developed methods.

关键词： Text steganography format-preserving encryption Huffman coding unicode characters

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