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Advanced Capacity-Expansion-Type unified power flow controller Based on Single-Core Phase-Shifting Transformer

ENERGIES 2025年第4期18卷 766-766页

作者： Zhang, Ningyu Li, Huarui Fang, Jicheng Bi, Chongze Jin, Xiaokuan Wang, Jianhua State Grid Jiangsu Elect Power Co Ltd Res Inst Nanjing 211103 Peoples R China State Grid Nanjing Power Supply Co Nanjing 210024 Peoples R China Southeast Univ Sch Elect Engn Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China

In light of the growing complexity and demand in modern power systems, there is an increasing need for reliable, efficient, and flexible power flow control mechanisms. The unified power flow controller (UPFC), as a fundamental component of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTSs), has garnered considerable attention due to its exceptional capabilities in regulating power flow and maintaining voltage stability. Nevertheless, the expense associated with high-capacity UPFCs is considerable, thereby rendering their practical implementation challenging. Phase-shifting transformers are less costly but require better power flow characteristics. Therefore, this paper puts forth the proposition of an Advanced Capacity-Expansion-Type unified power flow controller (ACET-UPFC) based on a single-core phase-shifting transformer (SCPST). This proposed topology is designed to enhance the capacity of the conventional UPFC, while maintaining similar power flow characteristics, and demonstrates strong voltage regulation capabilities, enabling connections across different voltage levels, thereby rendering it more economically feasible for large-scale deployment. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the power flow characteristics of the ACET-UPFC, including a theoretical foundation, mathematical modeling, and an investigation into the impact of various design parameters. Moreover, the ACET-UPFC's capacity expansion capability and power flow characteristics are also examined. The ACET-UPFC is subjected to further investigation through the use of the PLECS simulation platform, thereby offering a more efficient and cost-effective solution for modern power grids.

关键词： capacity expansion power flow control flexible alternative current transmission system single-core phase-shifting transformer unified power flow controller

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Hybrid neuro-fuzzy-based 3DOF-PDN controller for AGC of multi-area interconnected power system incorporated hydrogen aqua electrolyze fuel cell units and unified power flow controller

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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 2024年 1-19页

作者： Meseret, Getaneh Mesfin Saikia, Lalit Chandra Natl Inst Technol Silchar Dept Elect Engn Silchar India

Continuous growth in size and complexity, stochastically changing power demands, system modeling errors, alterations in electric power system structures and variations in the system parameters over the time have turned automatic generation control (AGC) task into a challenging one. Hence, in this article, design of a neuro-fuzzy-based three-degree-of-freedom-PD with a low pass filter coefficient (NF-3DOF-PDN) controller for a three-area AGC system is examined in this study. Areas 1, 2, and 3 are considered hydrothermal power plants. Several secondary controllers, such as 2DOF-PDN, 3DOF-PDN, and NF-3DOF-PDN controllers, have been examined separately to maintain the frequency and tie line power. Physical restrictions, such as the generation rate constraints and the time delay, have been incorporated into the system for a more realistic approach. A skill optimization algorithm (SOA) is used to optimize the controller gains and other parameters with integral squared error as performance indices. Numerous simulations are investigated to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed NF-3DOF-PDN controller over existing secondary controllers. The impacts of combining hydrogen aqua electrolyze (HAE) and fuel cell (FC) units on dynamic systems are being studied in this system. Moreover, a unified power flow controller (UPFC) is also incorporated with the tie lines to strengthen the systems against low-frequency damping oscillations. The resilience of the SOA-optimized proposed NF-3DOF-PDN controller has also been investigated for various system loading conditions. The performance of the proposed NF-3DOF-PDN with HAE-FC and UPFC controller under nominal conditions is resilient, and it is not required for several time resets of the controller while the system loading varies.

关键词： Automatic generation control Neuro-fuzzy interfacing controller 3DOF-PDN controller Hydrogen aqua electrolyze fuel cells units Skill optimization algorithm unified power flow controller

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unified power flow controller in grid-connected hybrid renewable energy system for power flow control using an elitist control strategy

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TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTE OF MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL 2021年第1期43卷 228-247页

作者： Thumu, Raghu Reddy, Kadapa Harinadha Reddy, Chilakala Rami Koneru Lakshmaiah Educ Fdn Vaddeswaram Dept Elect & Elect Engn Guntur Andhra Pradesh India Lakireddy Bali Reddy Coll Engn Autonomous Dept Elect & Elect Engn Mylavaram India Koneru Lakshmaiah Educ Fdn Dept Elect & Elect Engn Guntur 522502 Andhra Pradesh India

Due to the intermittent nature of renewable sources, miss-matching between power generation and load power causes a deviation from the desired voltage and frequency in power supply. To solve this problem, a new control technique has been proposed for the power flow control with the unified power flow controller (UPFC) in grid-connected hybrid renewable energy systems such as photovoltaic-wind. The proposed control technique combines the binary version of the grey wolf optimization (bGWO) and recurrent neural network (RNN). Here, bGWO is utilized to generate the dataset of control signals for shunt and series converters of the UPFC. Based on the accomplished dataset, the RNN technique performs and predicts the optimal control signals of the UPFC. Likewise, the proposed control scheme regulates the voltage deviation and minimizes the power losses simultaneously. Then, the proposed model is executed in Matrix Laboratory/Simulink working stage and the execution is assessed with the existing techniques such as fuzzy logic controller, improved particle swarm optimization and grey wolf optimization. The optimized gain parameters and elapsed time of the proposed and existing technique is also analysed. The optimized gain parameters such as KpKi of the proposed hybrid technique are 2.5 and 150. The elapsed time of the proposed technique is 30.15sec. Overall, the comparison results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed technique and confirm its potential to solve the above-mentioned problems.

关键词： unified power flow controller hybrid renewable energy system photovoltaic-wind shunt and series converters available generation resources practical constraints and device limits

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Hybridizing of Whale and Moth-Flame Optimization Algorithms-Based Type-2 Fuzzy Lead-Lag unified power flow controller Damping controller Design for Improvement of Transient Stability

ELECTRICA

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ELECTRICA 2023年第3期23卷 550-+页

作者： Barik, Sanat Kumar Mohapatra, Sangram Keshori BPUT SEC Dept Elect Engn Rourkela Odisha India GCE Dept Elect Engn Keonjhar Odisha India

This article presents the design of unified power flow controller (UPFC) damping controllers based on Proportional-Derivative (PD)-type lead-lag (PD type LL) controllers for dampening low-frequency oscillations in a power system. The proposed PD type Lead Lag based UPFC uses hybridized of Whale and Moth-Flame Optimization Algorithms (WMFOA) to tune controller parameters is compared with MFO, WMFOA, and particle swarm optimization (PSO) tuned controllers for damping low frequency oscilliations. The eigenvalue analysis of time domain simulation has been demonstrated to show the effectiveness of transient stability improvement of PD type LL UPFC controller of the power system. The results analysis reveals that hybridizing of WMFOA tuned WMFOA PD type LL UPFC has excellent capability in damping power system low-frequency oscillations. The same test model type-2 fuzzy lead-lag-based UPFC damping controller transient stability improvement performance is compared to PD type LL controller of the same power system. It is demonstrated with four alternative control signal-based UPFC damping controllers are evaluated under a variety of disturbances and variation of parameters of the power system. The damping function of the UPFC with various alternative control signals is investigated using a linearized modified Phillips-Heffron model of a power system with a UPFC controller implemented.

关键词： Hybridizing of whale and moth-flame optimization algorithm PD type Lead Lag type-2 fuzzy lead-lag controller unified power flow controller

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Performance Analysis of Marine-Predator-Algorithm-Based Optimum PI controller with unified power flow controller for Loss Reduction in Wind-Solar Integrated System

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ENERGIES 2023年第17期16卷 6157页

作者： Valuva, Chandu Chinnamuthu, Subramani SRM Inst Sci & Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Kattankulathur 603203 India

Transmission line losses are a crucial and essential issue in stable power system operation. Numerous methodologies and techniques prevail for minimizing losses. Subsequently, Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTSs) efficiently reduce transmission losses, and the unified power flow controller (UPFC) is a reactive power compensation controller. The parameter strength of the proportional-integral (PI) controller was calibrated with the Marine Predator Algorithm (MPA), a recent metaheuristic algorithm. An MPA-based optimum PI controller with a UPFC evaluates the optimal location of the UPFC and PI controller parameters to accomplish the desired research objective. The power rating of the UPFC was determined depending on the voltage collapse rating and power loss and an evaluated performance analysis of the MPA-PI-controlled UPFC on a modified IEEE-30 bus transmission network in MATLAB Simulink code. The Newton-Raphson method was used to perform the load flow analysis. Hence, the proposed MPA-PI controller was examined in contrast to preferred heuristic algorithms, the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and Moth Flame Optimization algorithms (MFO);the results showed that the MPA-PI controller exhibited better performance with an improved voltage profile and surpasses active power losses with the optimal placement of the UPFC device under different loading conditions. The active power loss, considering a UPFC with the proposed algorithm, reduced from 0.0622 p.u to 0.0301 p.u;consequently, the voltage profile was improved in the respective buses, and the loss percentage reduction during a 100% base load was 68.39%, which was comparatively better than the ABC and MFO algorithms.

关键词： loss minimization proportional-integral controller FACTS unified power flow controller marine predator algorithm

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Enhancing the performance of wind energy conversion systems using unified power flow controller

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2020年第10期14卷 1922-1929页

作者： Mosaad, Mohamed I. Alenany, Ahmed Abu-Siada, Ahmed Yanbu Ind Coll Yanbual Sinaiyah 46452 Yanbu Saudi Arabia Zagazig Univ Dept Comp & Syst Engn Zagazig Egypt Curtin Univ Elect & Comp Engn Dept Bentley WA 6152 Australia

Due to the low converters rating and cost of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) along with its ability to function under variable wind speed, DFIG has been widely employed in wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). Unfortunately, the performance of DFIG is sensitive to the variation in the operating conditions and disturbance events at the grid side. This includes wind gust, voltage fluctuation and faults at the point of common coupling of the DFIG and the grid. In this study, a model-free adaptive control (MFAC) is developed for a unified power flow controller (UPFC) in order to improve the overall dynamic performance of a DFIG-based WECS during wind gusts and enhance the fault ride through capability of the DFIG during various disturbance events. The effective performance of the proposed controller is assessed through a comparison with a conventional proportional-integral (PI) controller optimised by a modified flower pollination algorithm. Results reveal the superiority of the proposed UPFC-MFAC technique over the conventional PI controller currently used in most of the UPFC-WECS applications.

关键词： power generation faults power generation control load flow control adaptive control PI control wind power plants direct energy conversion asynchronous generators wind energy conversion systems unified power flow controller low converters rating doubly fed induction generator variable wind speed disturbance events wind gust model-free adaptive control dynamic performance DFIG-based WECS conventional proportional-integral controller conventional PI controller

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power flow control capability of the power transistor-assisted Sen transformer and the unified power flow controller: a close comparison

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2020年第15期14卷 3033-3041页

作者： Mohamed, Salah Eldeen Gasim Sudan Univ Sci & Technol Coll Engn Sch Elect & Nucl Engn Dept Power & Machines Khartoum Sudan

Currently, transmission grids are subject to experience more operation and control difficulties. The use of power flow controllers (PFCs) can ease such difficulties. However, most competent PFCs need to be used. Cost-wise, the power transistor assisted Sen transformer (TAST) is attractive as compared to the unified PFC (UPFC). However, while the UPFC has three control parameters, the TAST has only two. The UPFC can regulate the voltage of its shunt bus while the TAST cannot. The main objective of this study is to investigate the extent to which the TAST and UPFC are comparable when used for power flow control. power flow control is performed in this study for congestion management using a TAST/UPFC in a modified IEEE-118 bus system. A TAST/UPFC is optimally located using sensitivity analysis. For the sake of validation, results are obtained using both load flow analysis and voltage vector analysis. With only two control parameters, the performance of the TAST is found very closely comparable to that of the UPFC. Accordingly, the TAST can competently replace the UPFC for application of power flow control, at a far lower cost. Nonetheless, appropriate limited angle TAST is a suitable substitute for the TAST at a further lower cost.

关键词： load flow sensitivity analysis power transmission control load flow control flexible AC transmission systems control parameters power flow control capability power transistor-assisted Sen transformer unified power flow controller control difficulties power flow controllers

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Adaptability Analysis of Differential Protection for Series Transformers of unified power flow controller 4th

Adaptability Analysis of Differential Protection for Series ...

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4th International Forum on Smart Grid Protection and Control (Purple Mountain Forum)

作者： Cui, Yu Gu, Qiaogen Wu, Yi Sun, Zhongmin Wang, Ye Cheng, Xiao State Grid Jiangsu Elect Power Co Ltd Nanjing 210024 Peoples R China NR Elect Co Ltd Nanjing 211102 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811397790;9789811397783

The series transformer is one of the core components of the unified power flow controller (UPFC). The series transformer has a special primary structure and special system operating characteristics. Taking the simulation system of the actual UPFC project as an example, this paper discusses the factors that may affect the sensitivity and reliability of the series transformer differential protection under various faults. Combined with the simulation results of the typical faults in the series transformer, the longitudinal differential protection is analyzed. Reflecting the new problems that arise when series transformers have various types of faults, the adaptive analysis of the differential protection is formed. This paper also discusses the relationship between valve control protection and AC relay protection of series transformers from the perspective of protection equipment.

关键词： unified power flow controller Series transformer Differential protection

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Coordinated design of PSS and unified power flow controller using the combination of CWT and Prony methods with the help of SPEA II multi-objective optimisation algorithm

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2019年第21期13卷 4900-4909页

作者： Naghshbandy, Ali Hesami Faraji, Ayda Univ Kurdistan Fac Engn Dept Elect Engn Sanandaj Kurdistan Iran

Since the initial objective of power system stabiliser (PSS) units and flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices is the damping of inter-area and local oscillations, it is very substantial that the network electromechanical oscillatory modes are identified for tuning the controller of large-scale interconnected power systems. In this research, a method based on the combination of continuous wavelet transform and Prony algorithm is presented to study low-frequency electromechanical oscillations of the power system. The coordinated design of PSS and FACTS parameters become a multi-objective optimisation problem that will be solved using the SPEA II. The residue method is used to improve damping and satisfy the controller constraints of the suggested power systems. Finally, the proposed method of mode estimation and controller design is simulated on the two well-known test case systems, namely IEEE 2-area 4-generator and New England- New York 68-bus 16-generator systems using MATLAB software. The results represent accurate performance and validity of the proposed method to improve oscillation damping, dynamic stability of the power systems.

关键词： flexible AC transmission systems power system control wavelet transforms power system stability power transmission control power engineering computing oscillations optimisation power system identification load flow control power system interconnection damping IEEE 2-area 4-generator New England- New York 68-bus 16-generator systems oscillation damping unified power flow controller SPEA II multiobjective optimisation algorithm initial objective power system stabiliser units flexible AC transmission system devices inter-area local oscillations network electromechanical oscillatory modes large-scale interconnected power systems Prony algorithm low-frequency electromechanical oscillations multiobjective optimisation problem residue method controller constraints suggested power systems test case systems

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Performance evaluation of impedance-based synchronous generator out-of-step protection in the presence of unified power flow controller

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL power & ENERGY SYSTEMS 2020年 114卷

作者： Hosseini, Seyed Rasoul Karrari, Mehdi Abyaneh, Hossein Askarian Amirkabir Univ Technol Dept Elect Engn Aboorayhan Bldg Tehran Iran

Flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) controllers change the transmission line voltage and current signals measured with protection relays. These devices affect the operation of impedance-based relays and can lead to relays under/over-reaching. This study investigates the effects of a unified power flow controller (UPFC) as one of the most important shunt-series compensators on the synchronous generator out-of-step (OOS) protection. A detailed model of the UPFC is used for the purpose of the study and its performance has been simulated in three operational modes of the shunt-series compensator including static compensator (STATCOM), static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) and UPFC. The results show that all the three modes of the UPFC change the impedance trajectory and disrupt the diagnosis of the OOS protection. Moreover, an analytical approach is developed to eliminate the negative effects of the devices. The approach only requires the UPFC voltage and current synchro-phasor data to calculate the modified impedance. The results show that the presented method properly eliminates the negative effects on the OOS relay and prevents it from under-reaching in all the UPFC operation modes. The most important advantage of the modified algorithm is that it can be generalized to other types of FACTS devices.

关键词： Out-of-step protection unified power flow controller FACTS Adaptive protection

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