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Explicit Frequency Resolution Limit of uniform Line array via Scattering Information

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 2025年第2期61卷 2011-2022页

作者： Kong, Xiaolong Zhao, Daxuan Wang, Nan Xu, Dazhuan Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Elect Informat Engn Nanjing 210000 Peoples R China Purple Mt Labs Nanjing 211100 Peoples R China

Resolution limits and estimation performance of parameter are essential tools for evaluating the capabilities of array systems. A frequency resolution limit (FRL) for two signal sources with closely spaced frequency via information theory is proposed. We derive an explicit FRL by performing a second-order Taylor expansion on a cross-correlation coefficient. The explicit expression clearly delineates the impact of each parameter on FRL. It is noted that the proposed FRL is universally applicable, independent of any specific resolution technique. To demonstrate the interest of our method, the proposed FRL results are compared with FRL derived from other methods. The numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed FRL in this article offers valuable guidance for the design of practical array systems.

关键词： Signal resolution Scattering Accuracy array signal processing Image resolution Vectors Symbols Frequency information (FI) frequency resolution limit (FRL) scattering information (SI) uniform linear array

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uniform linear arrays With Optimized Inter-Element Spacing for LOS Massive MIMO

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2021年第2期25卷 613-616页

作者： Farsaei, Amirashkan Amani, Navid Maaskant, Rob Gustavsson, Ulf Alvarado, Alex Willems, Frans M. J. Eindhoven Univ Technol Dept Elect Engn NL-5600 MB Eindhoven Netherlands Chalmers Univ Technol Dept Elect Engn S-41296 Gothenburg Sweden Ericsson AB Ericsson Res S-41756 Gothenburg Sweden

In this letter, a uniform linear array (ULA) is proposed for line-of-sight massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO). It is assumed that the number of antennas is fixed. For a given ULA with an arbitrary inter-element spacing, the probability that the correlation among the channel vectors of two users being above a threshold value is derived. The inter-element spacing of the proposed ULA is the one for which the aforementioned probability is minimized. To show the effectiveness of the proposed ULA, simulation results for two scenarios are given for a 64-antenna ULA that serves 6 single-antenna users. By using the proposed ULA instead of conventional half-wavelength ULA, 5th percentile sum-rate for zero-forcing precoder is improved by 9.90 bits/channel use in first scenario without dropping, and by 1.43 bits/channel use in second scenario with dropping 1 user.

关键词： Correlation Gratings Antenna arrays MIMO communication Power control Apertures Line-of-sight massive MIMO uniform linear array zero-forcing

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DOA Estimation with Deep Learning: A Limited Training Data Framework

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IEEE Transactions on Communications 2025年

作者： Su, Yunye Wang, Xianpeng Guo, Yuehao Gao, Feifei Hainan University State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea School of Information and Communication Engineering Haikou570228 China Institute for Artificial Intelligence China Tsinghua University State Key Lab of Intelligent Technologies and Systems China Beijing China

Deep Learning (DL) achieves significant performance in estimating the direction of arrival (DOA) in array signal processing. However, many existing DL methods require a large amount of data to train a specialized DL network. To reduce data requirements for training, this paper presents a novel DL-based DOA estimation algorithm for limited training data(LTDDOA-net). The proposed algorithm utilizes the properties of second-order derivatives of the loss function and the 'learn to learn' approach to construct a framework that can achieve good performance with minimal data training. Initially, we developed a neural network designed for DOA estimation. This network was subsequently trained using proposed method and loss function on a limited dataset. Ultimately, we validated the practicality and benefits of our approach through simulations and hardware experiment. The results of simulations and hardware experiment have verified the superiority of the proposed approach. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： array signal processing deep learning direction-of-arrival estimation limited training data neural networks uniform linear array

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A novel acoustic emission beamforming method with two uniform linear arrays on plate-like structures

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ULTRASONICS 2014年第2期54卷 737-745页

作者： Xiao, Denghong He, Tian Pan, Qiang Liu, Xiandong Wang, Jin Shan, Yingchun Beihang Univ Sch Transportat Sci & Engn Beijing 100191 Peoples R China Chongqing Univ Posts & Telecommun Chongqing Key Lab Computat Intelligence Chongqing 400065 Peoples R China

A novel acoustic emission (AE) source localization approach based on beamforming with two uniform linear arrays is proposed, which can localize acoustic sources without accurate velocity, and is particularly suited for plate-like structures. Two uniform line arrays are distributed in the x-axis direction and y-axis direction. The accurate x and y coordinates of AE source are determined by the two arrays respectively. To verify the location accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed approach, the simulation of AE wave propagation in a steel plate based on the finite element method and the pencil-lead-broken experiment are conducted, and the AE signals obtained from the simulations and experiments are analyzed using the proposed method. Moreover, to study the ability of the proposed method more comprehensive, a plate of carbon fiber reinforced plastics is taken for the pencil-lead-broken test, and the AE source localization is also realized. The results indicate that the two uniform linear arrays can localize different sources accurately in two directions even though the localizing velocity is deviated from the real velocity, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method in AE source localization for plate-like structures. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Localization Acoustic emission Beamforming uniform linear array Finite element

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DOA estimation with uniform linear arrays in the presence of mutual coupling via blind calibration

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SIGNAL PROCESSING 2009年第7期89卷 1446-1456页

作者： Liu, Zhangmeng Huang, Zhitao Wang, Fenghua Zhou, Yiyu Natl Univ Def Technol China Dept Elect Sci & Engn Changsha 410073 Hunan Peoples R China

Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation in the presence of mutual coupling is a widely studied problem in the field of array signal processing. Most of the previous methods tried to estimate the DOAs by compensating the effect of mutual coupling with measured antenna impedances, which is not an effective way because the impedances are often time-variant. A blind calibrating method is proposed in this paper to deal with the problem of DOA estimation with uniform linear arrays in the presence of mutual coupling. This method exploits the complex symmetric Toeplitz form of the mutual coupling matrix (MCM) of unitary linear arrays (ULA), and transforms conventional direction finding methods from testing the orthogonality between the signal and noise subspaces to checking the rank deficiency of a projected matrix, eliminating most of the influence brought in by the effect of mutual coupling. Simulation results are presented to show the satisfying performance of the new method. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： array signal processing Direction-of-arrival estimation Mutual coupling Blind calibration uniform linear array

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Computationally Efficient 2-D DOA Estimation Using Two Parallel uniform linear arrays

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ETRI JOURNAL 2009年第6期31卷 806-808页

作者： Cao, Hailin Yang, Lisheng Tan, Xiaoheng Yang, Shizhong Chongqing Univ Sch Commun State Key Lab Power Transmiss Equipment & Syst Se Chongqing 630044 Peoples R China

A new computationally efficient algorithm-based propagator method for two-dimensional (2-D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is proposed, which uses two parallel uniform linear arrays. The algorithm takes advantage of the special structure of the array which enables 2-D DOA estimation without pair matching. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves very accurate estimation at a computational cost 4 dB lower than that of standard methods.

关键词： Propagator method direction of arrival (DOA) uniform linear array smart antennas

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Interference Suppression in uniform linear arrays Through a Dynamic Thinning Strategy

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION 2011年第12期59卷 4525-4533页

作者： Rocca, Paolo Haupt, Randy L. Massa, Andrea Univ Trento Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn ELEDIA Res Grp I-38123 Povo Trento Italy Haupt Associates Boulder CO 80303 USA

Thinned arrays are designed to have low average sidelobe levels. The randomness in selecting the elements that are turned on/off to achieve the low sidelobes implies that there are several arrangements of the thinned aperture that have the same or nearly the same average sidelobe level. If the same number of elements are always turned on, but the elements that are turned off change, then the array directivity does not change, but the nulls and sidelobes do. This paper presents a technique for dynamically altering the thinning configuration of a linear array in order place low sidelobe and nulls in desired directions. A set of representative results is reported and discussed to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

关键词： Dynamic thinning interference suppression thinned array uniform linear array

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Optimal Wideband Beamforming for uniform linear arrays Based on Frequency-Domain MISO System Identification

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION 2010年第8期58卷 2580-2587页

作者： Wang, Bu Hong Hui, Hon Tat Leong, Mook Seng Natl Univ Singapore Dept Elect & Comp Engn Singapore 117576 Singapore

Frequency-invariant (FI) beamforming for wideband antenna arrays inevitably involves array aperture loss at the higher-end frequencies of the bandwidth. In order to minimize aperture loss and to fully utilize the array aperture at different operation frequencies, an optimal wideband beamformer for uniform linear array (ULA) is designed based on Dolph-Chebyshev's theory of beamforming. Different from the existing FI beamformers for wideband arrays, our wideband beamformer produces frequency-dependent patterns which have the narrowest mainlobe width for any given equiripple sidelobe level over a wide frequency bandwidth. These frequency-dependent patterns are obtained through using the system identification method to determine the transfer function of the beamforming network. A matrix formulation is developed to calculate the frequency-dependent optimal Riblet-Chebyshev weights for element spacings smaller than half wavelength. The transfer function of the beamforming network, which is treated as an equivalent multi-input and single-output (MISO) system, is then obtained by the method of system identification with the optimal frequency-dependent Riblet-Chebyshev weights as the input data. Numerical results are provided to verify the effectiveness and validity of the proposed method.

关键词： Multiple-input and single-output system (MISO) Riblet-Chebyshev weight system identification uniform linear array wideband beamforming

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Adaptive Beamforming with Real-Valued Coefficients Based on uniform linear arrays

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION 2011年第3期59卷 1047-1053页

作者： Zhang, Lei Liu, Wei Langley, Richard J. Univ Sheffield Dept Elect & Elect Engn Commun Res Grp Sheffield S1 3JD S Yorkshire England

A class of adaptive beamforming algorithms with real-valued coefficients is proposed based on the uniform linear array structure by introducing a preprocessing transformation matrix. It is derived from the beamformer with a minimum mean square error (MSE) or a maximum output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), depending on the specific design criteria. The key parameter of the transformation matrix takes different values for different beamforming scenarios and three representative examples are studied: the linearly constrained minimum variance beamformer (and the generalized sidelobe canceller), the reference signal based beamformer, and the class of blind beamformers based on the constant modulus algorithm. Its advantage is twofold: 1) with real-valued coefficients, the computational complexity of the overall system is reduced significantly;2) a faster convergence speed is achieved and given the same stepsize, the system arrives at a lower MSE (or a higher output SINR).

关键词： Adaptive beamformer blind beamformer real-valued coefficient reference signal uniform linear array

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ASYMPTOTICALLY OPTIMAL BLIND CALIBRATION OF ACOUSTIC VECTOR SENSOR uniform linear arrayS

ASYMPTOTICALLY OPTIMAL BLIND CALIBRATION OF ACOUSTIC VECTOR ...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Weiss, Amir Nadler, Boaz Yeredor, Arie Weizmann Inst Sci Dept Comp Sci & Appl Math Rehovot Israel Tel Aviv Univ Sch Elect Engn Tel Aviv Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781509066315

We study the blind calibration problem of uniform linear arrays of acoustic vector sensors for narrowband Gaussian signals, and propose an improved, asymptotically optimal blind calibration scheme. Following recent work by Ramamohan et al., we exploit the special (block-Toeplitz) structure of the underlying signals' spatial covariance matrix. However, we offer a substantial improvement over their ordinary Least Squares (LS)-based approach: Using asymptotic approximations we obtain Optimally-Weighted LS estimates of the sensors' gains and phases offsets. We show via simulations that our estimates exhibit near-optimal performance, with improvements reaching more than an order of magnitude in the mean squared estimation errors of the calibration parameters, as well as in directions-of-arrival estimation.

关键词： Acoustic vector sensor uniform linear array blind calibration optimally-weighted least squares

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