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Decision support for acute problems: The role of the standardized patient in usability testing

JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS 2006年第6期39卷 648-655页

作者： Linder, Jeffrey A. Rose, Alan F. Palchuk, Matvey B. Chang, Frank Schnipper, Jeffrey L. Chan, Joseph C. Middleton, Blackford Brigham & Womens Hosp Div Gen Med Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Univ Sch Med Boston MA USA Partners HealthCare Clin Informat Res & Dev Boston MA USA

For applications that require clinician use while interacting with patients, usability testing with standardized patients has the potential to approximate actual patient care in a controlled setting. We used hypothetical scenarios and a standardized patient to collect quantitative and qualitative results in testing an early prototype of a new application, the Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) Smart Form. The standardized patient fit well into the usability testing sessions. Clinicians had a positive response to the standardized patients and behaved as they normally would during a clinical encounter. Positive findings of the ARI Smart Form included that users thought it had impressive functionality and the potential to save time. Criticism focused on the visual design, which could be streamlined, and navigation, which was difficult in some areas. Based on these results, we are modifying the ARI Smart Form in preparation for use in actual patient care. Standardized patients should be considered for usability testing, especially if an application is to be used during the patient interview. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： medical record systems, computerized user-computer interface evaluation studies patient simulation human engineering respiratory tract infections human-computer interaction human factors engineering

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Nonelectrophoretic method for high-throughput HLA-DRB1 group genotyping

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BIOTECHNIQUES 2004年第1期36卷 148-+页

作者： Hampe, J Valentonyte, R Manaster, C Teuber, M Jenisch, S Entz, P Nagy, M Schreiber, S Univ Kiel Klin Allgemeine Innere Med D-24105 Kiel Germany Max Delbruck Ctr Mol Med Berlin Germany Charite Univ Hosp Berlin Berlin Germany

HLA HooplaMutations in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles are linked to a variety of disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and diabetes. Current HLA genotyping methods include groupspecific PCR, genomic or cDNA sequencing, and hybridization methods, yet none have been successfully scaled-up for use in routine patient diagnosis. In addition, standard single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping methods have significant problems with the highly polymorphic HLA sequences and are therefore not suitable for HLA genotyping. Hampe et al. (p. 148) developed a high-throughput HLA genotyping method that combines allele-specific PCR with nonelectrophoretic PCR product detection. The authors successfully validated their method by genotyping theDRB1-HLA locus (which contains a high density of SNPs and is especially difficult to analyze using standard genotyping methods). This high-throughput method allows genotyping of thousands of patients at a reasonable cost and can be automated and integrated into an electronic information system.

关键词： DNA Probes, HLA/genetics DNA Probes, HLA/genetics Electrophoresis Gene Expression Profiling/methods* Genetic Screening Genotype HLA Antigens/genetics HLA-DR Antigens/genetics* HLA-DR Antigens/genetics* Humans Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods* Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* Software* user-computer interface

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computer Input Devices: Neutral Party or Source of Significant Error in Manual Lesion Segmentation?

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JOURNAL OF DIGITAL IMAGING 2011年第1期24卷 135-141页

作者： Chen, James Y. Seagull, F. Jacob Nagy, Paul Lakhani, Paras Melhem, Elias R. Siegel, Eliot L. Safdar, Nabile M. Univ Calif San Diego San Diego Vet Adm Hosp San Diego CA 92161 USA Univ Penn Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Univ Maryland College Pk MD 20742 USA Baltimore Vet Adm Hosp Baltimore MD USA

Lesion segmentation involves outlining the contour of an abnormality on an image to distinguish boundaries between normal and abnormal tissue and is essential to track malignant and benign disease in medical imaging for clinical, research, and treatment purposes. A laser optical mouse and a graphics tablet were used by radiologists to segment 12 simulated reference lesions per subject in two groups (one group comprised three lesion morphologies in two sizes, one for each input device for each device two sets of six, composed of three morphologies in two sizes each). Time for segmentation was recorded. Subjects completed an opinion survey following segmentation. Error in contour segmentation was calculated using root mean square error. Error in area of segmentation was calculated compared to the reference lesion. 11 radiologists segmented a total of 132 simulated lesions. Overall error in contour segmentation was less with the graphics tablet than with the mouse (P < 0.0001). Error in area of segmentation was not significantly different between the tablet and the mouse (P = 0.62). Time for segmentation was less with the tablet than the mouse (P = 0.011). All subjects preferred the graphics tablet for future segmentation (P = 0.011) and felt subjectively that the tablet was faster, easier, and more accurate (P = 0.0005). For purposes in which accuracy in contour of lesion segmentation is of the greater importance, the graphics tablet is superior to the mouse in accuracy with a small speed benefit. For purposes in which accuracy of area of lesion segmentation is of greater importance, the graphics tablet and mouse are equally accurate.

关键词： Image segmentation user-computer interface computer assisted detection computer hardware data collection human computer interaction evaluation research segmentation

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INTERACTIVE COLOR DESIGN OF INTERACTIVE GRAPHICAL DISPLAYS USING A PROTOTYPING TOOL BASED ON COLOR METRICS

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ERGONOMICS 1990年第8期33卷 1043-1054页

作者： LANGEN, M RAU, G RHEIN WESTFAL TH AACHEN HELMHOLTZ INST BIOMED ENGNPAUWELSTR 30W-5100 AACHENGERMANY

The appropriate use of colour in visual displays can enhance the user's information retrieval by supporting the perception and processing of displayed data in monitoring and controlling complex systems. A heuristic approach to colour coding procedures can be based on interactive manipulation of colour stimuli. This is the only way to observe subjectively the effects of simultaneous colour contrast of areas on the screen. A tool for interactive colour manipulation and display design was developed in which 3 different colour metrics are integrated to perform quantitative analyses of colour related phenomena. The connection to a 'colour database' offers the facility to store heuristic knowledge of the use of colours, which may be a helpful resource for system designers.

关键词： Colour user-computer interface computer graphics Software tools CRT display

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Emerging challenges to the ergonomics domain

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ERGONOMICS 2008年第1期51卷 49-54页

作者： Caple, D. David Caple & Associates Pty Ltd Melbourne Vic Australia La Trobe Univ Sch Human Biosci Bundoora Vic Australia

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关键词： Human Engineering* Humans Information Systems Psychology, Industrial Risk Factors user-computer interface

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Usability evaluation of pharmacogenomics clinical decision support aids and clinical knowledge resources in a computerized provider order entry system: A mixed methods approach

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS 2014年第7期83卷 473-483页

作者： Devine, Emily Beth Lee, Chia-Ju Overby, Casey L. Abernethy, Neil McCune, Jeannine Smith, Joe W. Tarczy-Hornoch, Peter Univ Washington Dept Biomed Informat & Med Educ Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Pharmaceut Outcomes Res & Policy Program Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Hlth Serv Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Maryland Program Personalized & Genom Med Dept Med Baltimore MD 21201 USA Univ Washington UW Med Pharm Informat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Div Neonatol Dept Pediat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Comp Sci & Engn Seattle WA 98195 USA

Background: Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is positioned to have a widespread impact on the practice of medicine, yet physician acceptance is low. The presentation of context-specific PGx information, in the form of clinical decision support (CDS) alerts embedded in a computerized provider order entry (CPOE) system, can aid uptake. Usability evaluations can inform optimal design, which, in turn, can spur adoption. Objectives: The study objectives were to: (1) evaluate an early prototype, commercial CPOE system with PGx-CDS alerts in a simulated environment, (2) identify potential improvements to the system user interface, and (3) understand the contexts under which PGx knowledge embedded in an electronic health record is useful to prescribers. Methods: Using a mixed methods approach, we presented seven cardiologists and three oncologists with five hypothetical clinical case scenarios. Each scenario featured a drug for which a gene encoding drug metabolizing enzyme required consideration of dosage adjustment. We used Morae to capture comments and on-screen movements as participants prescribed each drug. In addition to PGx-CDS alerts, 'Infobutton (R)' and 'Evidence' icons provided participants with clinical knowledge resources to aid decision-making. Results: Nine themes emerged. Five suggested minor improvements to the CPOE user interface;two suggested presenting PGx information through PGx-CDS alerts using an 'Infobutton' or 'Evidence' icon. The remaining themes were strong recommendations to provide succinct, relevant guidelines and dosing recommendations of phenotypic information from credible and trustworthy sources;any more information was overwhelming. Participants' median rating of PGx-CDS system usability was 2 on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly agree) to 7 (strongly disagree). Conclusions: Usability evaluation results suggest that participants considered PGx information important for improving prescribing decisions;and that they would incorporate PGx-CDS whe

关键词： Clinical decision support systems Clinical knowledge resources (not a MeSH term) Medical order entry systems Pharmacogenetics user-computer interface

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Virtual vocalization stimuli for investigating neural representations of species-specific vocalizations

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JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 2006年第2期95卷 1244-1262页

作者： DiMattina, C Wang, XQ Johns Hopkins Univ Sch Med Dept Biomed Engn Baltimore MD 21205 USA Johns Hopkins Univ Sch Med Dept Neurosci Lab Auditory Neurophysiol Baltimore MD 21205 USA

Most studies investigating neural representations of species-specific vocalizations in non-human primates and other species have involved studying neural responses to vocalization tokens. One limitation of such approaches is the difficulty in determining which acoustical features of vocalizations evoke neural responses. Traditionally used filtering techniques are often inadequate in manipulating features of complex vocalizations. Furthermore, the use of vocalization tokens cannot fully account for intrinsic stochastic variations of vocalizations that are crucial in understanding the neural codes for categorizing and discriminating vocalizations differing along multiple feature dimensions. In this work, we have taken a rigorous and novel approach to the study of species-specific vocalization processing by creating parametric "virtual vocalization" models of major call types produced by the common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus). The main findings are as follows. 1) Acoustical parameters were measured from a database of the four major call types of the common marmoset. This database was obtained from eight different individuals, and for each individual, we typically obtained hundreds of samples of each major call type. 2) These feature measurements were employed to parameterize models defining representative virtual vocalizations of each call type for each of the eight animals as well as an overall species-representative virtual vocalization averaged across individuals for each call type. 3) Using the same feature-measurement that was applied to the vocalization samples, we measured acoustical features of the virtual vocalizations, including features not explicitly modeled and found the virtual vocalizations to be statistically representative of the callers and call types. 4) The accuracy of the virtual vocalizations was further confirmed by comparing neural responses to real and synthetic virtual vocalizations recorded from awake marmoset auditory cortex. We found a s

关键词： user-computer interface Acoustic Stimulation Animals Auditory Cortex Auditory Pathways Callithrix Evoked Potentials Auditory Female Male Sound Spectrography Species Specificity Speech Production Measurement Speech Recognition Software Vocalization Animal

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The development of a Symptom Questionnaire for assessing Virtual Reality viewing using a head-mounted display

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OPTOMETRY AND VISION SCIENCE 2005年第7期82卷 571-571页

作者： Pesudovs, K Flinders Med Ctr Dept Ophthalmol Ctr Clin Res Excellence Ophthalmol Outcomes Res Bedford Pk SA Australia Flinders Univ S Australia Bedford Pk SA 5042 Australia

PURPOSE: Virtual reality devices, including virtual reality head-mounted displays, are becoming increasingly accessible to the general public as technological advances lead to reduced costs. However, there are numerous reports that adverse effects such as ocular discomfort and headache are associated with these devices. To investigate these adverse effects, questionnaires that have been specifically designed for other purposes such as investigating motion sickness have often been used. The primary purpose of this study was to develop a standard questionnaire for use in investigating symptoms that result from virtual reality viewing. In addition, symptom duration and whether priming subjects elevates symptom ratings were also investigated. METHODS: A list of the most frequently reported symptoms following virtual reality viewing was determined from previously published studies and used as the basis for a pilot questionnaire. The pilot questionnaire, which consisted of 12 nonocular and 11 ocular symptoms, was administered to two groups of eight subjects. One group was primed by having them complete the questionnaire before immersion; the other group completed the questionnaire postviewing only. Postviewing testing was carried out immediately after viewing and then at 2-min intervals for a further 10 min. RESULTS: Priming subjects did not elevate symptom ratings; therefore, the data were pooled and 16 symptoms were found to increase significantly. The majority of symptoms dissipated rapidly, within 6 min after viewing. Frequency of endorsement data showed that approximately half of the symptoms on the pilot questionnaire could be discarded because

关键词： Questionnaires user-computer interface Asthenopia Data Display Head Headache Humans Reference Values Reproducibility of Results Vision Disorders

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The future of ergonomics/the future of work: 45 years after Bartlett (1962)

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ERGONOMICS 2008年第1期51卷 14-20页

作者： Drury, C. G. SUNY Buffalo Dept Ind & Syst Engn Buffalo NY 14221 USA

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关键词： Human Engineering* Humans Psychology, Industrial Task Performance and Analysis Technology, Medical user-computer interface

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Molecular BioComputing suite:: A word processor add-in for the analysis and manipulation of nucleic acid and protein sequence data

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BIOTECHNIQUES 2001年第6期31卷 1306-+页

作者： Muller, PY Studer, E Miserez, AR Univ Basel Dept Clin Biol Sci Res Grp Cardiovasc Genet CH-4051 Basel Switzerland

In all fields of molecular biology, researchers are increasingly challenged by experiments planned and evaluated on the basis of nucleic acid and protein sequence data generally retrieved from public databases. Despite the wide spectrum of available Web-based software tools for sequence analysis, the routine use of these tools has disadvantages, particularly because of the elaborate and heterogeneous ways of data input, output, and storage. Here ive present a Visual Basic-encoded Microsoft (R) Word (R) Add-In, the Molecular BioComputing Suite (MBCS), available at the BioTechniques Software Library (***). The MBCS software aims to manage and expedite a wide range of sequence analyses and manipulations using an integrated text editor environment including menu-guided commands. Its independence of sequence formats enables MBCS to be used cis a pivotal application bem,een other software tools for sequence analysis, manipulation, annotation, and editing.

关键词： Amino Acid Sequence Base Sequence Computational Biology Databases, Nucleic Acid* Databases, Nucleic Acid* Databases, Protein* Databases, Protein* Molecular Sequence Data Software* user-computer interface Word Processing*

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