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MICROPROCESSING AND MICROPROGRAMMING 1986年第2期17卷 79-88页

作者： ALRABEH, AH MASUD, M UNIV PETR & MINERALS DEPT SYST ENGNDHAHRANSAUDI ARABIA UNIV PETR & MINERALS DEPT COMP SCI & ENGNDHAHRANSAUDI ARABIA

In spite of the rapid growth in the field of microcomputers it is possible to make credible predictions regarding the future microcomputer systems. An attempt will be made to predict what microcomputer systems of the next decade will look like. This will be guided by a brief review of the state-of-the-art systems and an analysis of current trends influencing the development of microcomputer systems. The paper discusses the trends in the development of the major hardware components: I/O, Memory, and Microprocessors, followed by a detailed discussion of the software of future systems. This includes a discussion on programming languages, operating systems, and application packages. A brief discussion of various aspects of the user-computer interface including the orientation towards natural languages and the support of speech input and output is also included.

关键词： Microprocessors VLSI Technology user-computer interface Operating Systems Natural Language Systems Programming Languages

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Tree testing of hierarchical menu structures for health applications

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JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS 2014年 49卷 198-205页

作者： Le, Thai Chaudhuri, Shomir Chung, Jane Thompson, Hilaire J. Demiris, George Univ Washington Sch Med Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Sch Nursing Seattle WA 98195 USA

To address the need for greater evidence-based evaluation of Health Information Technology (HIT) systems we introduce a method of usability testing termed tree testing. In a tree test, participants are presented with an abstract hierarchical tree of the system taxonomy and asked to navigate through the tree in completing representative tasks. We apply tree testing to a commercially available health application, demonstrating a use case and providing a comparison with more traditional in-person usability testing methods. Online tree tests (N = 54) and in-person usability tests (N = 15) were conducted from August to September 2013. Tree testing provided a method to quantitatively evaluate the information structure of a system using various navigational metrics including completion time, task accuracy, and path length. The results of the analyses compared favorably to the results seen from the traditional usability test. Tree testing provides a flexible, evidence-based approach for researchers to evaluate the information structure of HITs. In addition, remote tree testing provides a quick, flexible, and high volume method of acquiring feedback in a structured format that allows for quantitative comparisons. With the diverse nature and often large quantities of health information available, addressing issues of terminology and concept classifications during the early development process of a health information system will improve navigation through the system and save future resources. Tree testing is a usability method that can be used to quickly and easily assess information hierarchy of health information systems. Published by Elsevier Inc.

关键词： user-computer interface Usability methods Information system evaluation

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Scale-up of networked HIV treatment in Nigeria: Creation of an integrated electronic medical records system

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS 2015年第1期84卷 58-68页

作者： Chaplin, Beth Meloni, Seema Eisen, Geoffrey Jolayemi, Toyin Banigbe, Bolanle Adeola, Juliette Wen, Craig Nieva, Harry Reyes Chang, Charlotte Okonkwo, Prosper Kanki, Phyllis Harvard Univ Sch Publ Hlth Boston MA 02115 USA AIDS Prevent Initiat Nigeria Abuja Nigeria

Objectives: The implementation of PEPFAR programs in resource-limited settings was accompanied by the need to document patient care on a scale unprecedented in environments where paper-based records were the norm. We describe the development of an electronic medical records system (EMRS) put in place at the beginning of a large HIV/AIDS care and treatment program in Nigeria. Methods: Databases were created to record laboratory results, medications prescribed and dispensed, and clinical assessments, using a relational database program. A collection of stand-alone files recorded different elements of patient care, linked together by utilities that aggregated data on national standard indicators and assessed patient care for quality improvement, tracked patients requiring follow-up, generated counts of ART regimens dispensed, and provided 'snapshots' of a patient's response to treatment. A secure server was used to store patient files for backup and transfer. Results: By February 2012, when the program transitioned to local in-country management by APIN, the EMRS was used in 33 hospitals across the country, with 4,947,433 adult, pediatric and PMTCT records that had been created and continued to be available for use in patient care. Ongoing trainings for data managers, along with an iterative process of implementing changes to the databases and forms based on user feedback, were needed. As the program scaled up and the volume of laboratory tests increased, results were produced in a digital format, wherever possible, that could be automatically transferred to the EMRS. Many larger clinics began to link some or all of the databases to local area networks, making them available to a larger group of staff members, or providing the ability to enter information simultaneously where needed. Conclusions: The EMRS improved patient care, enabled efficient reporting to the Government of Nigeria and to U.S. funding agencies, and allowed program managers and staff to conduct qualit

关键词： HIV therapy Electronic medical records Continuity of patient care user-computer interface Nigeria Africa

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Decision support for acute problems: The role of the standardized patient in usability testing

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JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS 2006年第6期39卷 648-655页

作者： Linder, Jeffrey A. Rose, Alan F. Palchuk, Matvey B. Chang, Frank Schnipper, Jeffrey L. Chan, Joseph C. Middleton, Blackford Brigham & Womens Hosp Div Gen Med Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Univ Sch Med Boston MA USA Partners HealthCare Clin Informat Res & Dev Boston MA USA

For applications that require clinician use while interacting with patients, usability testing with standardized patients has the potential to approximate actual patient care in a controlled setting. We used hypothetical scenarios and a standardized patient to collect quantitative and qualitative results in testing an early prototype of a new application, the Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) Smart Form. The standardized patient fit well into the usability testing sessions. Clinicians had a positive response to the standardized patients and behaved as they normally would during a clinical encounter. Positive findings of the ARI Smart Form included that users thought it had impressive functionality and the potential to save time. Criticism focused on the visual design, which could be streamlined, and navigation, which was difficult in some areas. Based on these results, we are modifying the ARI Smart Form in preparation for use in actual patient care. Standardized patients should be considered for usability testing, especially if an application is to be used during the patient interview. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： medical record systems, computerized user-computer interface evaluation studies patient simulation human engineering respiratory tract infections human-computer interaction human factors engineering

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Physicians' experiences of participation in healthcare IT development in Finland: Willing but not able

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS 2012年第2期81卷 98-113页

作者： Martikainen, Susanna Viitanen, Johanna Korpela, Mikko Laaveri, Tinja Univ Eastern Finland Sch Comp FI-70211 Kuopio Finland Aalto Univ Sch Sci & Technol Strateg Usabil Res Grp Espoo Finland Univ Helsinki Cent Hosp Dept Med Helsinki Finland HUS ICT Helsinki Finland

Objective: To learn (1) about the kind of experiences that physicians have with participation in healthcare IT development;(2) whether physicians are interested in participating in IT development activities, and if so, how;and (3) the visions that physicians have regarding future IT systems. Methods: A web-based questionnaire which was answered by about one-third of the working-age physicians in Finland, which is exceptionally broad and sizeable a sample. This research deals with only a small part of the entire questionnaire. The questions used for this study were both quantitative and qualitative. Statistical methods were applied to the former and content analysis to the latter. Results: The responding physicians were highly critical of their IT systems, and their experiences with the current methods of participation, or rather the lack of it, were quite negative. However, a very significant proportion of the respondents were willing to contribute to IT systems development, contrary to a common assumption that clinicians are disinterested. Visioning of future systems was quite cautious, dealing mainly with usability improvements to the current systems. Conclusions: Major improvements are needed both in the usability of the systems currently in use in Finland and in the collaboration between end-users and developers. Improved methods of participation need to be developed and applied, particularly for the procurement, deployment and on-going development of commercial-off-the-shelf applications. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： End-user participation computer systems development Medical informatics applications Physicians Finland Questionnaires user-computer interface

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acceptance and congnitive load in a clinical setting of a novel device allowing natural real-time data acquisition

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS 2007年第11-12期76卷 850-855页

作者： Despont-Gros, Christelle Rutschmann, Olivier Geissbuhler, Antoine Lovis, Christian Hop Univ Geneva Serv Informat Med CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland Univ Hosp Geneva Serv Emergency Geneva Switzerland

Introduction: This paper reports the findings of an evaluation study in the field of human-computer interaction about the use of a new data acquisition device, the digital pen. It focuses on specific aspects of the interaction between the users and the technology: the cognitive burden induced by the design of the tool in real conditions of use and its impact on user acceptance. Methodology: Human cognition is embedded in a complex sociocultural world. Therefore, we opted for ethnographically informed investigations reinforced by a satisfaction survey. The work context chosen for these investigations was the emergency room triage process. Results: The technology meets a high acceptance (median 3 on a [-5,5] scale) shaded by unexpected additional cognitive burdens. These burdens originate in several technological and ergonomic flaws that have been discovered during the observations. These results have been used to improve the technology. Conclusion: We demonstrate the importance of this kind of field study to uncover unexpected possible sources of failure of acceptance of a new technology. Such kind of study should be held prior to the introduction of a new technology to lower the common failure rate encountered in the field of medical informatics. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： user-computer interface attitude to computers cognition hospital information systems

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Usability evaluation of pharmacogenomics clinical decision support aids and clinical knowledge resources in a computerized provider order entry system: A mixed methods approach

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS 2014年第7期83卷 473-483页

作者： Devine, Emily Beth Lee, Chia-Ju Overby, Casey L. Abernethy, Neil McCune, Jeannine Smith, Joe W. Tarczy-Hornoch, Peter Univ Washington Dept Biomed Informat & Med Educ Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Pharmaceut Outcomes Res & Policy Program Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Hlth Serv Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Maryland Program Personalized & Genom Med Dept Med Baltimore MD 21201 USA Univ Washington UW Med Pharm Informat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Div Neonatol Dept Pediat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Comp Sci & Engn Seattle WA 98195 USA

Background: Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is positioned to have a widespread impact on the practice of medicine, yet physician acceptance is low. The presentation of context-specific PGx information, in the form of clinical decision support (CDS) alerts embedded in a computerized provider order entry (CPOE) system, can aid uptake. Usability evaluations can inform optimal design, which, in turn, can spur adoption. Objectives: The study objectives were to: (1) evaluate an early prototype, commercial CPOE system with PGx-CDS alerts in a simulated environment, (2) identify potential improvements to the system user interface, and (3) understand the contexts under which PGx knowledge embedded in an electronic health record is useful to prescribers. Methods: Using a mixed methods approach, we presented seven cardiologists and three oncologists with five hypothetical clinical case scenarios. Each scenario featured a drug for which a gene encoding drug metabolizing enzyme required consideration of dosage adjustment. We used Morae to capture comments and on-screen movements as participants prescribed each drug. In addition to PGx-CDS alerts, 'Infobutton (R)' and 'Evidence' icons provided participants with clinical knowledge resources to aid decision-making. Results: Nine themes emerged. Five suggested minor improvements to the CPOE user interface;two suggested presenting PGx information through PGx-CDS alerts using an 'Infobutton' or 'Evidence' icon. The remaining themes were strong recommendations to provide succinct, relevant guidelines and dosing recommendations of phenotypic information from credible and trustworthy sources;any more information was overwhelming. Participants' median rating of PGx-CDS system usability was 2 on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly agree) to 7 (strongly disagree). Conclusions: Usability evaluation results suggest that participants considered PGx information important for improving prescribing decisions;and that they would incorporate PGx-CDS whe

关键词： Clinical decision support systems Clinical knowledge resources (not a MeSH term) Medical order entry systems Pharmacogenetics user-computer interface

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Usability evaluation of the SMART application for youth with mTBI

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS 2017年 97卷 163-170页

作者： Dexheimer, Judith W. Kurowski, Brad G. Anders, Shilo H. McClanahan, Nicole Wade, Shari L. Babcock, Lynn Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr Div Emergency Med MLC 20083333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati OH 45229 USA Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr Div Biomed Informat Cincinnati OH 45229 USA Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr Div Phys Med & Rehabil Cincinnati OH 45229 USA Vanderbilt Univ Dept Biomed Informat 221 Kirkland Hall Nashville TN 37235 USA

Objective: There is a dearth of evidence-based treatments available to address the significant morbidity associated with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). To address this gap, we designed a novel user-friendly, web-based application. We describe the preliminary evaluation of feasibility and usability of the application to promote recovery following mTBI in youth, the Self-Monitoring Activity-Restriction and Relaxation Treatment (SMART). SMART incorporates real-time recommendations for individualized symptom management and activity restriction along with training in cognitive-behavioral coping strategies. Methods: We conducted a usability evaluation to assess and modify the SMART system prior to further study and deployment. Children ages 11-18 years presenting to the emergency department were recruited after symptoms resolved. Usability was assessed using a 60-min think-aloud protocol of teens and parents describing their interaction with the application. Upon completion of the tasks, each participant also completed the system usability scale (SUS). Results: We performed tests with 4 parent/child dyads. The average age of the children was 13 years (standard deviation = 1.8). The parents were an average of 41.5 years old (standard deviation = 6.2). Research revealed that the participants were enthusiastic about the interactive portions of the tool particularly the video based sessions. Parents were concerned about the speed at which their child might move through the program and the children thought that the system required large amounts of reading. Based on user feedback, researchers modified SMART to include an audio file in every module and improved the system's aesthetic properties. The mean SUS score was 85, with high SUS scores (>68) indicating satisfactory usability. Conclusion: High initial usability and favorable user feedback provide a foundation for further iterative development and testing of the SMART application as a tool for managing recovery from co

关键词： user-computer interface Brain injuries Tele health Adolescents

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user Experience of Interactive Technologies for People With Dementia: Comparative Observational Study

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JMIR SERIOUS GAMES 2020年第3期8卷 e17565页

作者： Andrade Ferreira, Luis Duarte Ferreira, Henrique Cavaco, Sofia Cameirao, Monica Badia, Sergi Bermudez, I Univ Nova Lisboa Fac Ciencias & Tecnol Dep Informat NOVA LINCS Campus Caparica P-2829516 Lisbon Portugal Univ Madeira Madeira Interact Technol Inst Funchal Portugal Univ Madeira Fac Ciencias Exatas & Engn Funchal Portugal

Background: Serious games (SGs) are used as complementary approaches to stimulate patients with dementia. However, many of the SGs use out-of-the-shelf technologies that may not always be suitable for such populations, as they can lead to negative behaviors, such as anxiety, fatigue, and even cybersickness. Objective: This study aims to evaluate how patients with dementia interact and accept 5 out-of-the-shelf technologies while completing 10 virtual reality tasks. Methods: A total of 12 participants diagnosed with dementia (mean age 75.08 [SD 8.07] years, mean Mini-Mental State Examination score 17.33 [SD 5.79], and mean schooling 5.55 [SD 3.30]) at a health care center in Portugal were invited to participate in this study. A within-subject experimental design was used to allow all participants to interact with all technologies, such as HTC VIVE, head-mounted display (HMD), tablet, mouse, augmented reality (AR), leap motion (LM), and a combination of HMD with LM. Participants' performance was quantified through behavioral and verbal responses, which were captured through video recordings and written notes. Results: The findings of this study revealed that the user experience using technology was dependent on the patient profile;the patients had a better user experience when they use technologies with direct interaction configuration as opposed to indirect interaction configuration in terms of assistance required (P=.01) and comprehension (P=.01);the participants did not trigger any emotional responses when using any of the technologies;the participants' performance was task-dependent;the most cost-effective technology was the mouse, whereas the least cost-effective was AR;and all the technologies, except for one (HMD with LM), were not exposed to external hazards. Conclusions: Most participants were able to perform tasks using out-of-the-shelf technologies. However, there is no perfect technology, as they are not explicitly designed to address the needs and skills

关键词： dementia technology interaction psychomotor performance equipment safety costs and cost analysis user-computer interface

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Using patients' own knowledge of early sensations and symptoms to develop an interactive, individualized e-questionnaire to facilitate early diagnosis of lung cancer

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BMC CANCER 2021年第1期21卷 1-10页

作者： Levitsky, Adrian Bernhardson, Britt-Marie Henoch, Ingela Olin, Maria Kolbeck, Karl Rystedt, Nadja Tishelman, Carol Eriksson, Lars E. Karolinska Inst Dept Learning Informat Management & Eth Div Innovat Care Res SE-17177 Solna Sweden Karolinska Inst Dept Oncol Pathol Sci Life Lab Canc Prote Mass Spectrometry SE-17165 Solna Sweden Univ Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Acad Inst Hlth & Care Sci SE-40530 Gothenburg Sweden Karolinska Univ Hosp Lung Oncol Ctr Theme Canc SE-17176 Solna Sweden Univ Hosp Umea Ctr Med Technol & Radiat Phys SE-90185 Umea Sweden Stockholm Cty Council Ctr Hlth Econ Informat & Hlth Syst Res CHIS Stockholm Hlth Care Serv SLSO SE-11365 Stockholm Sweden Univ London Sch Hlth Sci London EC1V 0HB England Karolinska Univ Hosp Med Unit Infect Dis SE-14186 Huddinge Sweden

BackgroundOne reason for the often late diagnosis of lung cancer (LC) may be that potentially-indicative sensations and symptoms are often diffuse, and may not be considered serious or urgent, making their interpretation complicated. However, with only a few exceptions, efforts to use people's own in-depth knowledge about prodromal bodily experiences has been a missing link in efforts to facilitate early LC diagnosis. In this study, we describe and discuss facilitators and challenges in our process of developing and initial testing an interactive, self-completion e-questionnaire based on patient descriptions of experienced prodromal sensations and symptoms, to support early identification of lung cancer (LC).MethodsE-questionnaire items were derived from in-depth, detailed explorative interviews with individuals undergoing investigation for suspected LC. The descriptors of sensations/symptoms and the background items obtained were the basis for developing an interactive, individualized instrument, PEX-LC, which was refined for usability through think-aloud and other interviews with patients, members of the public, and clinical *** challenges in the process of developing PEX-LC related to collaboration among many actors, and design/user interface problems including technical issues. Most problems identified through the think-aloud interviews related to design/user interface problems and technical issues rather than content, for example we re-ordered questions to be in line with patients' chronological, rather than retrospective, descriptions of their experiences. PEX-LC was developed into a final e-questionnaire on a touch-screen smart tablet with one background module covering sociodemographic characteristics, 10 interactive, individualized modules covering early sensations and symptoms, and a 12th assessing current *** collaboration with patients throughout the process was intrinsic for developing PEX-LC. Similarly, we recognize

关键词： Lung cancer Respiratory diseases Think-aloud interviews Instrument development Questionnaire design E-questionnaire Internet Usability Tablet computers user-computer interface

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