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14th IEEE Global Reliability and Prognostics and Health Management Conference, PHM-Hangzhou 2023

作者： Jiaxiang, E. Zang, Yu Geng, Danyang Ai, Yunfei University of Toronto Toronto Canada Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301359

This paper uses the improved complex network theory to analyze the real-time reliability of the vhf data exchange system (VDES). Firstly, the improved complex network theory was designed to capture the information exchange process between subsystems and the interaction between subsystems and their components. Then, the models under different scenarios and various system failures were established. Finally, this research finds the weak link of the VDES complex network, studies the changes in the relevant parameters of each complex network under node failure and edge failure, identifies the importance of modules, and provides information for decision-makers. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： component failure scenario improved complex network theory reliability analysis vhf data exchange system

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An Improved MAC Protocol Design in vhf data exchange system (VDES) For Internet of Vessels

An Improved MAC Protocol Design in VHF Data Exchange System ...

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6th International Conference on Identification, Information and Knowledge in the Internet of Things (IIKI)

作者： Zhang, Ling Lin, Bin Zhang, Shufang Zhao, Tiange Zhang, Yiying Dalian Maritime Univ Coll Informat Sci & Technol Dalian 116026 Peoples R China China Transport Telecommun & Informat Ctr Beijing 100011 Peoples R China

In recent year, the VDES (vhf data exchange system) has drawn extensive attention and admiration in the international maritime field and Internet of Vessels. It has been identified as a core data exchange platform for e-Navigation strategy in the future. However, the traditional Self-Organizing Time Division Multiple Access (SOTDMA) protocol of the Automatic Identification system (AIS) has not met the demands of the huge increases in vhf data Link (VDL) loading. This paper proposes an improved SOTDMA (iSOTDMA) protocol for VDES to reduce the slot reservation collision rate, thereby improving the system performance. Finally, we present experimental results which show that the proposed iSOTDMA protocol can achieve better performance than the original SOTDMA in terms of slot reservation conflict rate. Copyright (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： vhf data exchange system iSOTDMA Slot Reservation Collision Rate

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An Improved MAC Protocol Design in vhf data exchange system (VDES) For Internet of Vessels

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Procedia Computer Science 2018年 129卷 45-51页

作者： Ling Zhang Bin Lin Shufang Zhang Tiange Zhao Yiying Zhang College of Information Science and Technology Dalian Maritime University Dalian 116026 China China Transport Telecommunications & Information Center Beijing 100011 China

关键词： vhf data exchange system iSOTDMA Slot Reservation Collision Rate

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Navigation of Autonomous Tug via Evolutionary Algorithms with Radar Plot Fitness Evaluation

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APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2025年第4期15卷 2139-2139页

作者： Koznowski, Wojciech Lebkowski, Andrzej Gdynia Maritime Univ Fac Elect Engn Dept Renewable Energy Sources & Electromobil Morska St 83 PL-81225 Gdynia Poland

This paper presents an innovative route planning method for autonomous port tugs, using an evolutionary algorithm with radar fitness assessment. The proposed solution takes into account the specifics of tug operation in a complex port environment, characterized by the presence of numerous static obstacles (port infrastructure, islands) and dynamic obstacles (other vessels). The presented radar fitness assessment method allows for taking into account many optimization criteria, such as route length, number of turn points or safety margin with respect to obstacles. The algorithm was tested in four different navigation scenarios of varying complexity. The results of the research showed that, compared to the classic genetic algorithm, the radar method generates routes with fewer turn points (reduction by 1-2 points) and significantly reduces the total course change (up to 53.6%). Additionally, the routes generated by the radar algorithm consistently maintained a greater safety margin with respect to obstacles. The algorithm is prepared to take advantage of data interchange according to International Maritime Organization's e-navigation proposal via its vhf data exchange system (VDES) messages, which could improve the safety of proposed routes and their efficiency. This gives a basis to use the proposed solution as an autonomous vessels and/or formation control algorithm in future automated transport systems.

关键词： autonomous tugboat ship route evolutionary algorithm fitness estimation e-navigation vhf data exchange system

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A novel method for satellite prediction of VDE-TER service traffic information based on multilayers bidirectional LSTM

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING 2024年第0期

作者： Wu, Ruiwen Li, Zongwang Xie, Zhuochen Liang, Xuwen Univ Chinese Acad Sci Sch Elect Elect & Commun Engn Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Innovat Acad Microsatellites Shanghai Peoples R China Shanghai Engn Ctr Microsatellites Shanghai Peoples R China

Satellite prediction of very high frequency (vhf) data exchange (VDE)-Terrestrial (VDE-TER) ship-to-ship Self-Organized Networks (SON) service traffic information is crucial for wireless resource allocation of vhf data exchange system (VDES). Due to the VDE-TER, channel load observed by the satellite changes rapidly and the historical information cached on the satellite is limited;the prediction of VDE-TER service traffic is difficult. This paper proposes a multilayer bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network model (MLB-LSTM), which controls the amount of forgetting of historical information and the amount of memory of current information through the LSTM unit, so that the model can better learn the nonlinear changes of service traffic. The bidirectional LSTM module combines forward and backward time series data, reducing the amount of data required for prediction and enhancing the prediction accuracy of the model. Numerical results show that the proposed prediction model significantly outperforms traditional methods and is able to adapt to rapidly changing VDE-TER data. This paper proposes a multilayer bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network model (MLB-LSTM), which controls the amount of forgetting of historical information and the amount of memory of current information through the LSTM unit, so that the model can better learn the nonlinear changes of service traffic. The bidirectional LSTM module combines forward and backward time series data, reducing the amount of data required for prediction and enhancing the prediction accuracy of the model. image

关键词： bidirectional LSTM LEO satellite multidimensional time series prediction vhf data exchange system

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Review of antenna technologies for very high frequency data exchange systems

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING 2023年第2期41卷 122-133页

作者： Gomez-Guillamon Buendia, Victoria Liberto, Salvatore Goussetis, George Fonseca, Nelson J. G. TNO Radar Technol Dept The Hague Netherlands Heriot Watt Univ Inst Sensor Signals & Syst Edinburgh Midlothian Scotland European Space Agcy ESA Antenna & Millimetre Waves Sect Noordwijk Netherlands

The Automated Identification system (AIS) was originally developed as a terrestrial system tracking vessels near the coastline. Dedicated channels were allocated within the spectrum historically reserved for maritime applications in the very high frequency (vhf) band, enabling long range communications, up to a few kilometers. There have been various initiatives in the last decade that extended this system with a space segment, enabling global monitoring of vessels beyond the range of terrestrial stations. Recently, the World Radiocommunication Conference has allocated frequencies for the extension of this system to a two-way vhf data exchange system (VDES) via satellite. This requires to adapt spaceborne antenna solutions previously developed for AIS, particularly for missions using small satellites and CubeSats. This paper provides a timely review of existing vhf antenna solutions and new concepts under development which could be applicable to VDES missions. Some key metrics are identified to provide a comparative study between various candidate solutions. Considering the range of possible missions, from secondary payloads on-board larger satellites to dedicated constellations, it is believed that a number of antenna products can find application in future VDES space-based infrastructure.

关键词： CubeSat filar antenna maritime Communications vhf data exchange system

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Concept, signal design, and measurement studies of the R-mode Baltic system

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NAVIGATION-JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION 2021年第3期68卷 465-483页

作者： Bronk, Krzysztof Koncicki, Patryk Lipka, Adam Niski, Rafal Wereszko, Blazej Natl Inst Telecommun Wireless Syst & Networks Dept Jaskowa Dolina 15 PL-80252 Gdansk Poland

This article presents the work conducted in the R-Mode Baltic project, which aims to launch the R-Mode demonstrator in the Baltic Sea area. The article describes the concept of the Automatic Identification system (AIS) infrastructure and vhf data exchange system (VDES) signal utilization with respect to their potential role in the future R-Mode system. It also contains the analysis of the distance determination accuracy in the designed system based on calculation of the correlation between the received signal and the known transmitted signal, as well as the achievable ranges for various system configurations. Additionally, the paper discusses the implementation of the test-bed transmitter and receiver, the methodology of measurement campaigns carried out in the Baltic Sea on the Gdynia-Karlskrona route, as well as the obtained results. The collected measurement results were thoroughly analyzed and compared with theoretical values. The summary contains conclusions, as well as the plans for the next phase of measurement research.

关键词： e-navigation maritime radiocommunications ranging r-mode Baltic vhf data exchange system

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Performance Bounds for VDES R-mode

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JOURNAL OF NAVIGATION 2020年第1期73卷 92-114页

作者： Safar, Jan Grant, Alan Williams, Paul Ward, Nick Gen Lighthouse Author United Kingdom & Ireland Harwich Essex England

The Very High Frequency (vhf) data exchange system (VDES) is a new radio communication system being developed by the international maritime community, with the principal objectives to safeguard existing Automatic Identification system (AIS) core functions and enhance maritime communication applications, based on robust, efficient and secure data transmission with wider bandwidth than the AIS. VDES is also being considered as a potential component of the R-mode concept, where the same signals used for communication are also used for ranging, thus mitigating the impact of disruptions to satellite positioning services. This paper establishes statistical performance bounds on the ranging precision of VDES R-mode, assuming an additive white Gaussian noise propagation channel. Modified Cramer-Rao bounds on the pseudorange estimation error are provided for all waveforms currently proposed for use in terrestrial VDES communications. These are then used to estimate the maximum usable ranges for AIS/VDES R-mode stations. The results show that, under the assumed channel conditions, all of the new VDES waveforms provide better ranging performance than the AIS waveform, with the best performance being achieved using the 100 kHz bandwidth terrestrial VDE waveforms.

关键词： R-mode vhf data exchange system Cramer-Rao Bound

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Design and implementation of VDES Link Layer protocol applied to intelligent vessels 5

Design and implementation of VDES Link Layer protocol applie...

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5th International Conference on Information Science, Computer Technology and Transportation (ISCTT)

作者： Ma, Liang Sun, Xin Wen, Jie Beijing Jiaotong Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Beijing Peoples R China China Waterborne Transport Res Inst Intelligent Shipping Res & Dev Ctr Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728185750

In recent years, intelligent vessels have become a new hot issue in the international maritime field. As a next-generation maritime dedicated mobile communication system, VDES can meet the communication needs of intelligent vessels. According to the VDES protocol stack, the function of the VDES data link layer is analyzed, the VDES link layer protocol signaling procedures and its interfaces are designed, and the VDES link layer function is developed on the Linux platform by using the C language. The testing environment of VDES DLL protocol is built to verify the feasibility of the protocol. The design and implementation of the protocol provide a reliable transmission method for the communication of intelligent vessels, and give a reference for the development of VDES system.

关键词： Intelligent vessels vhf data exchange system Link layer protocol stack Protocol design

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NorSat-2: Enabling advanced maritime communication with VDES

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ACTA ASTRONAUTICA 2019年 156卷 44-50页

作者： Bradbury, Laura M. Diaconu, Dumitru Laurin, Simon Molgat Beattie, Alex M. Ma, Clement Spydevold, Ivar S. Haugli, Hans Christian Zee, Robert E. Harr, Jon Udnaes, Frank Univ Toronto Inst Aerosp Studies Space Flight Lab 4925 Dufferin St Toronto ON M3H 5T6 Canada Statsat AS Drammensveien 165 N-0212 Oslo Norway Space Norway Drammensveien 165POB 66 Skoyen N-0212 Oslo Norway Norwegian Space Ctr Drammensveien 165POB 113 Skoyen N-0212 Oslo Norway

Satellite AIS is well recognized as a system for vessel traffic monitoring and maritime safety. The growing demand for maritime data services has led to the development of a new vhf data exchange system (VDES), which will provide two-way communication at higher data rates than possible with current AIS systems. Within the vhf maritime frequency band (156.025-162.025 MHz), VDES integrates AIS with channels for Application Specific Messages (ASM) to support the distribution of maritime data, including meteorological data and traffic information. Expanding VDES to a satellite platform will facilitate a global data exchange between ships and shore via satellite. NorSat-2 is the first satellite to incorporate a VDES payload, in addition to an advanced AIS receiver, both of which are in-orbit reconfigurable software-defined radios developed by Kongsberg Seatex. NorSat-2 was developed and built by the Space Flight Laboratory (SFL) under contract to the Norwegian Space Centre, with contribution from Space Norway for accommodation of the VDES payload. With a mass of 16 kg, the satellite design is based on SFL's Next-generation Earth Monitoring and Observation (NEMO) bus, which has proven flight heritage to be a robust and reliable microsatellite platform. To enable directional communication over vhf for the VDES payload, SFL has developed a three-element deployable Yagi-Uda antenna. The antenna is stowed during launch and deployed on-orbit upon command receipt. In addition to NorSat-2's S-band telemetry and command system, the satellite also has an enhanced S-band feeder uplink which is capable of achieving data rates of up to 1 Mbps. NorSat-2 launched onboard a Soyuz on July 14, 2017 into a 600 km polar sun synchronous orbit. It is the fourth Norwegian satellite on-orbit and is one of the first satellites to supply VDES services, in addition to complementing Norway's existing satellite AIS network. This paper describes the NorSat-2 mission, with an emphasis on the unique an

关键词： Satellite AIS vhf data exchange system

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