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video transcoding architecture with minimum buffer requirement for compressed MPEG-2 bitstream

SIGNAL PROCESSING 1998年第2期67卷 223-235页

作者： Kan, KS Fan, KC Natl Cent Univ Inst Comp Sci & Informat Engn Chungli 32054 Taiwan

In this paper, an extremely efficient MPEG-2 video transcoding method is proposed, which has a low buffer requirement and results in low delay. Most importantly, the proposed method does not need the computational intensive motion estimation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach results in very consistent video quality and maintains the buffer level effectively. Compared with direct decode/encode approach, the proposed approach only suffers slight quality degradation. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： video transcoding MPEG motion estimation

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video transcoding from H.264/AVC to MPEG-2 with reduced computational complexity

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SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION 2009年第8期24卷 637-650页

作者： Moiron, Sandro Faria, Sergio Navarro, Antonio Silva, Vitor Assuncao, Pedro Polo 2 FCTUC Inst Telecomunicacoes P-3030290 Coimbra Portugal Polytech Inst Leiria Leiria Portugal Univ Aveiro P-3800 Aveiro Portugal Univ Coimbra Coimbra Portugal

This paper addresses video transcoding from H.264/AVC into MPEG-2 with reduced complexity and high rate-distortion efficiency. While the overall concept is based on a cascaded decoder-encoder, the novel adaptation methods developed in this work have the advantage of providing very good performance in H.264/AVC to MPEG-2 transcoding. The proposed approach exploits the similarities between the coding tools used in both standards, with the objective of obtaining a computationally efficient transcoder without penalising the signal quality. Fast and efficient methods are devised for conversion of macroblock coding modes and translation of motion information in order to compute the MPEG-2 coding format with a reduced number of operations, by reusing the corresponding data embedded in the incoming H.264/AVC coded stream. In comparison with a cascaded decoder-encoder, the fast transcoder achieves computational complexity savings up to 60% with slightly better peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) at the same bitrate. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： video transcoding H.264/AVC MPEG-2

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video transcoding: An overview of various techniques and research issues

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA 2005年第5期7卷 793-804页

作者： Ahmad, I Wei, X Sun, Y Zhang, YQ Univ Texas Dept Comp Sci & Engn Arlington TX 76019 USA Microsoft Corp Mobile & Embedded Devices Div Redmond WA 98052 USA

One of the fundamental challenges in deploying multimedia systems, such as telemedicine, education, space endeavors, marketing, crisis management, transportation, and military, is to deliver smooth and uninterruptible flow of audio-visual information, anytime and anywhere. A multimedia system may consist of various devices (PCs, laptops, PDAs, smart phones, etc.) interconnected via heterogeneous wireline and wireless networks. In such systems, multimedia content originally authored and compressed with a certain format may need bit rate adjustment and format conversion in order to allow access by receiving devices with diverse capabilities (display, memory, processing, decoder). Thus, a transcoding mechanism is required to make the content adaptive to the capabilities of diverse networks and client devices. A video transcoder can perform several additional functions. For example, if the bandwidth required for a particular video is fluctuating due to congestion or other causes, a transcoder can provide fine and dynamic adjustments in the bit rate of the video bitstream in the compressed domain without imposing additional functional requirements in the decoder. In addition, a video transcoder can change the coding parameters of the compressed video, adjust spatial and temporal resolution, and modify the video content and/or the coding standard used. This paper provides an overview of several video transcoding techniques and some of the related research issues. We introduce some of the basic concepts of video transcoding, and then review and contrast various approaches while highlighting critical research issues. We propose solutions to some of these research issues, and identify possible research directions.

关键词： frequency domain heterogeneous video systems H.26X MPEG-X motion vector refinement spatial domain video transcoding

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video transcoding for adaptive bitrate streaming over edge-cloud continuum

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Digital Communications and Networks 2021年第4期7卷 598-604页

作者： Guanyu Gao Yonggang Wen School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 639798Singapore

video transcoding is to create multiple representations of a video for content *** is deemed as a core technique in Adaptive BitRate(ABR)*** to manage video transcoding affects the performance of ABR streaming in various aspects,including operational cost,streaming delays,Quality of Experience(QoE),***,the problems of implementing video transcoding in ABR streaming must be systematically studied to improve the overall performance of the streaming *** problems become more worthy of investigation with the emergence of the edge-cloud continuum,which makes the resource allocation for video transcoding more *** this end,this paper provides an investigation of the main technical problems related to video transcoding in ABR streaming,including designing a rate profile for video transcoding,providing resources for video transcoding in clouds,and caching multi-bitrate video contents in networks,*** analyze these problems from the perspective of resource allocation in the edge-cloud continuum and cast them into resource and Quality of Service(QoS)optimization *** goal is to minimize resource consumption while guaranteeing the QoS for ABR *** also discuss some promising research directions for the ABR streaming services.

关键词： video transcoding Adaptive bitrate streaming Quality of service Resource allocation Edge-cloud

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RETRACTED: video transcoding scheme of multimedia data-hiding for multiform resources based on intra-cloud (Retracted Article)

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JOURNAL OF AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE AND HUMANIZED COMPUTING 2020年第5期11卷 1809-1819页

作者： Kim, Hyun-Woo Mu, He Park, Jong Hyuk Sangaiah, Arun Kumar Jeong, Young-Sik Dongguk Univ Dept Multimedia Engn Seoul 04620 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Sci & Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Seoul 01811 South Korea VIT Sch Comp Sci & Engn Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu India

Recently, intra-cloud research has been actively conducted to reduce the waste of idle resources in distributed desktops and to increase resource utilization. Intra-cloud integrates the idle resources of distributed desktops to provide computing and storage services to users. Existing intra-cloud have only studied storage of large files and simple computing services. Research is needed for computing services of multimedia field such as video and audio in the intra-cloud. This paper proposes a diversify scheme for multiform video resources (DSMVR), which is a video transcoding scheme of multimedia data-hiding based on the parallel computing framework and the intra-cloud environment, in order to transcode for multiform resource types within the intra-cloud, which composed to computing infrastructure using legacy desktops. Its target users are community user groups within a certain size. By using a small-scale server group, parallel processing framework and improved task assignment algorithm, high-speed video transcoding can be realized by using ffmpeg, which is a vast software suite of libraries and programs designed for handling video, audio, and other multimedia files and streams, and different-definition videos are generated step by step at high speed. By using the DSMVR scheme, the size of a task can be dynamically analyzed in order to select the number of task processing servers required, thus ensuring the high scalability of the DSMVR. Thanks to these operations, the user can smoothly play videos at resolutions that are suitable for different smart devices.

关键词： video transcoding Distributed video transcoding Cloud video transcoding video transcoding of multimedia data-hiding

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video transcoding optimization based on input perceptual quality 43

Video transcoding optimization based on input perceptual qua...

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Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XLIII

作者： Wang, Yilin Talebi, Hossein Yang, Feng Yim, Joong Gon Birkbeck, Neil Adsumilli, Balu Milanfar, Peyman Google Inc 1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy Mountain View CA 94043 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781510638273

ISBN: (纸本)9781510638273

Today's video transcoding pipelines choose transcoding parameters based on rate-distortion curves, which mainly focus on the relative quality difference between original and transcoded videos. By investigating the recently released YouTube UGC dataset, we found that human subjects were more tolerant to changes in low quality videos than in high quality ones, which suggests that current transcoding frameworks can be further optimized by considering perceptual quality of the input. In this paper, an efficient machine learning metric is proposed to detect low quality inputs, whose bitrate can be further reduced without sacrificing perceptual quality. To evaluate the impact of our method on perceptual quality, we conducted a crowd-sourcing subjective experiment, and provided a methodology to evaluate statistical significance among different treatments. The results show that the proposed quality guided transcoding framework is able to reduce the average bitrate up to 5% with insignificant perceptual quality degradation.

关键词： video transcoding perceptual video quality user generated contents machine learning

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video transcoding using network processors to support dynamically adaptive video multicast

Video transcoding using network processors to support dynami...

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20th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications

作者： Shorfuzzaman, Mohammad Eskicioglu, Rasit Graham, Peter Univ Manitoba Dept Comp Sci Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0769524664

Heterogeneity of networks and end systems poses challenges for multicast based collaborative applications. In traditional multicasting, the sender transmits video at the same rate to all receivers independent of their network connection, end system equipment, and users' preferences. This wastes resources and may also result in some receivers having their quality expectations unsatisfied. This problem can be addressed, near the network edge, by applying dynamic, in-network transcoding of video streams. In this paper, we design, implement, and assess a network processor (NP) based video transcoding system using the Intel IXP1200. Experiments suggest that our system can adapt the video rate of MPEG-1 streams to a desired level on a per packet basis for moderate traffic levels.

关键词： collaborative applications video transcoding re-quantization transcoding latency network processor

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video transcoding USING GPU ACCELERATED DECODER

VIDEO TRANSCODING USING GPU ACCELERATED DECODER

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Conference on Parallel Processing for Imaging Applications

作者： Hsu, Wei-Lien Adv Micro Devices Inc Austin TX 78735 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819484093

Due to the growing popularity of portable multimedia display devices and wide availability of high-definition video content, the transcoding of high-resolution videos into lower resolution ones with different formats has become a crucial challenge for PC platforms. This paper presents our study on the leveraging of the Unified video Decoder (UVD) provided by the graphics processor unit (GPU) for achieving high-speed video transcoding with low CPU usage. Our experimental results show off-loading video decoding and video scaling to the GPU can double transcoding speed with only half the CPU usage compared to in-box software decoders for transcoding 1080p (1920x1080) video content on an AMD Vision processor with an integrated graphics unit.

关键词： General Purpose Graphics Processing Unit Unified video Decoder video transcoding Direct video Acceleration

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video transcoding for wireless mobile Internet access

Video transcoding for wireless mobile Internet access

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Asia-Pacific Optical and Wireless Communications Conference (APOC 2003)

作者： Li, XH Anhui Univ Dept Elect Engn & Informat Sci Hefei 230039 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819451797

A method of improved motion vector based on quantization errors in transcoding for wireless mobile Internet is proposed in this paper. The computational complexity of this scheme can be reduced. The control strategy of transcoder buffer is also discussed, and the number of coding bits on the picture layer in the whole is allocated, then different types of picture respectively are processed on the basis of frondose picture characteristics when each frame is coded. Finally optimal quantization parameter for every macroblock in a frame is select. The simulation results shows that this method can effectively speed up the transcoding without significant lose in quality. The output bit rate of the transcoder and the buffer fullness tend to be stabilized, and the peak signal-noise-ratio (PSNR) of the reconstructed picture is raised.

关键词： video transcoding wireless mobile Internet access motion estimation rate control

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A systematic literature review on video transcoding acceleration: challenges, solutions, and trends

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2024年第24期83卷 64079-64108页

作者： Borges, Alex Zatt, Bruno Porto, Marcelo Correa, Guilherme Fed Univ Pelotas UFPel Grad Program Comp PPGC Video Technol Res Grp ViTech Pelotas Brazil

Audiovisual productions currently dominate internet content, accounting for approximately 82% of online traffic in 2022. With the popularization of adaptive video streaming over the internet, transcoding has become an essential task to allow for bitrate adaptation and compatibility between servers and client devices that support various standards and formats. However, such conversion presents a high computational cost due to its cascade features, which sequentially runs the video decoding and re-encoding processes. This high cost exists especially due to the various encoding mode possibilities allowed in video codecs, mainly in recent, highly efficient standards and formats. On the other hand, the cascade transcoder model allows the possibility of inheriting information from the original bitstream, which can be used to accelerate the re-encoding process. This survey presents a systematic literature review of the main works published in the literature that propose transcoding acceleration methods for the main video coding standards and formats developed in the last decades. The majority of the works focus on both homogeneous and heterogeneous transcoding for the MPEG-2, H.264/AVC, H.265/HEVC, H.266/VVC, VP8, VP9, and AV1 formats and standards, and are based on heuristics and prediction models trained with machine learning algorithms. Based on the systematic literature review, a classification of the works according to the transcoding type and the methodology employed for acceleration is presented. The results obtained in each solution are compared in terms of complexity reduction and compression efficiency, and future trends on the field are discussed.

关键词： video transcoding Transcoder Survey Systematic literature review

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