Multistatic sonar is regarded as a highly promising method for detecting quiet submarines over long distances. This technique exhibits high positioning accuracy, flexible configurations, easy concealment, and robust r...
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Multistatic sonar is regarded as a highly promising method for detecting quiet submarines over long distances. This technique exhibits high positioning accuracy, flexible configurations, easy concealment, and robust resistance to interference. However, the sources are more expensive than receivers and performance of multistatic sonar depends strongly on the relative positions of the sources and receivers. In this work, we study the problem of optimal deployment of receivers for one source and multiple receivers type multistatic sonar to achieve maximum area coverage. The area coverage of multistatic sonar is a multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP) balancing maximum coverage against minimal cost. To simplify the MOOP, the area enclosed by a Cassini oval is approximated to two circles and the normalized area difference is analyzed. Then the required number of receivers within a rectangular area of interest (AOI) is calculated based on full coverage theory. So the MOOP is simplified into a single-objective problem focused on achieving maximal coverage with a specific number of receiver nodes. An enhanced virtual force algorithm named Delaunay triangulation hole repair virtual force algorithm (DTHRVFA) is introduced to optimize the deployment positions of receivers as a heterogeneous nodes deployment problem. Simulation results show significant improvement in coverage compared with various methods of heterogeneous nodes deployment. The proposed method effectively addresses area coverage problems associated with the deployment of one source and multiple receivers type multistatic sonar receivers.
The random placement of a large-scale sensor network in an outdoor environment often causes low coverage. In order to effectively improve the coverage of a wireless sensor network in the monitoring area, a coverage op...
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The random placement of a large-scale sensor network in an outdoor environment often causes low coverage. In order to effectively improve the coverage of a wireless sensor network in the monitoring area, a coverage optimization algorithm for wireless sensor networks with a virtualforce-Levy-embedded Grey Wolf Optimization (VFLGWO) algorithm is proposed. The simulation results show that the VFLGWO algorithm has a better optimization effect on the coverage rate, uniformity, and average moving distance of sensor nodes than a wireless sensor network coverage optimization algorithm using Levy-embedded Grey Wolf Optimizer, Cuckoo Search algorithm, and Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization. The VFLGWO algorithm has good adaptability with respect to changes of the number of sensor nodes and the size of the monitoring area.
The combination of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and edge computing not only enhances their capabilities, but also motivates a series of new applications. As a typical application, 3D Underwater Wireless Sensor Netw...
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The combination of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and edge computing not only enhances their capabilities, but also motivates a series of new applications. As a typical application, 3D Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) have become a hot research issue. However, the coverage of underwater sensor networks problem must be solved, for it has a great significance for the network's capacity for information acquisition and environment perception, as well as its survivability. In this paper, we firstly study the minimal number of sensor nodes needed to build a diverse k-coverage sensor network. We then propose a k-Equivalent Radius enhanced virtual force algorithm (called k-ERVFA) to achieve an uneven regional coverage optimization for different k-coverage requirements. Theoretical analysis and simulation experiments are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm. The detailed performance comparisons show that k-ERVFA acquires a better coverage rate in high k-coverage sub-regions, thus achieving a desirable diverse k-coverage deployment. Finally, we perform sensitivity analysis of the simulation parameters and extend k-ERVFA to special cases such as sensor-sparse regions and time-variant situations.
When deploying wireless sensor networks in complex monitoring areas such as battlefields and disaster areas, sensor nodes usually form an initial deployment by airdropping. This random deployment method causes the nod...
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When deploying wireless sensor networks in complex monitoring areas such as battlefields and disaster areas, sensor nodes usually form an initial deployment by airdropping. This random deployment method causes the nodes to deviate from the optimal deployment position and the phenomenon of coverage holes appears. This paper proposes a coverage enhancement strategy for WSNs based on the virtualforce-directed ant lion optimization algorithm (VF-IALO). First, based on the original ant lion optimization algorithm, we re-assign antlions and dynamically reduce the number of antlions. The strategy of continuous ant random walk boundary shrinkage factor is combined. Secondly, we limit the range of ants' random walk to reduce the moving distance of the sensor node during the secondary deployment process. Finally, we introduce the virtualforce composed of neighbor nodes force, grid point gravity, and boundary repulsion. The weight coefficients of the virtualforce, antlion, and elite antlion dynamically changed to update the ant position. It can avoid the algorithm fall into the local optimal solution, accelerate the algorithm convergence speed and improve the global optimization ability. The simulation results show that when 30 sensors are deployed in a monitoring area of 60m x 60m, compared with the VFA, ALO, and VFPSO algorithms, the coverage rate of the VF-IALO algorithm is increased by 7.656%, 11.048%, and 4.088%, the average moving distance of the nodes is reduced by 0.4759m, 2.3387m, and 3.3762m respectively. More importantly, when the network scale (region size and number of nodes) changes, the VF-IALO algorithm still maintains a clear performance advantage.
Deploying sensors into a target region is a key issue to be solved in building a wireless sensor network. Various deployment algorithms have been proposed by the researchers, and most of them are evaluated under the i...
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Deploying sensors into a target region is a key issue to be solved in building a wireless sensor network. Various deployment algorithms have been proposed by the researchers, and most of them are evaluated under the ideal conditions. Therefore, they cannot reflect the real environment encountered during the deployment. Moreover, it is almost impossible to evaluate an algorithm through practical deployment. Because the deployment of sensor networks require a lot of nodes, and some deployment areas are dangerous for human. This paper proposes a deployment approach to solve the problems mentioned above. Our approach relies on the satellite images and the virtual force algorithm (VFA). It first extracts the topography and elevation information of the deployment area from the high resolution satellite images, and then deploys nodes on them with an improved VFA. The simulation results show that the coverage rate of our method is approximately 15% higher than that of the classical VFA in complex environment.
With the rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicle in space exploration and national defense, large-scale wireless sensor network (WSN) became an important and effective technology. It may require highly accurate l...
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With the rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicle in space exploration and national defense, large-scale wireless sensor network (WSN) became an important and effective technology. It may require highly accurate locating for the nodes in some real applications. The dynamic node topology control of a large-scale WSN in an unmanned region becomes a hot research topic recently, which helps improve the system connectivity and coverage. In this paper, a hybrid optimization based on two different virtual force algorithms inspired by the interactions among physical sensor nodes is proposed to address the self-consistent node deployment in a large-scale WSN. At the early stage, the deployment algorithm was to deploy the sensor nodes by leveraging the particle motions in dusty plasma to achieve the hexagonal topology of the so-called "Yukawa crystal". After that, another virtual exchange force model was combined to present a hybrid optimization, which could yield perfect hexagonal topology, better network uniformity, higher coverage rate, and faster convergence speed. The influence of node position, velocity, and acceleration during the node deployment stage on the final network topology are carefully discussed for this scheme. It can aid engineers to control the network topology for a large number of wireless sensors with affordable system cost by choosing suitable parameters based on physical environments or application scenarios in the near future.
virtual force algorithm (VFA) is becoming a main solution to area coverage for homogeneous wireless sensor networks with random distribution of mobile sensor nodes. Consider the factors of the convergence, the boundar...
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virtual force algorithm (VFA) is becoming a main solution to area coverage for homogeneous wireless sensor networks with random distribution of mobile sensor nodes. Consider the factors of the convergence, the boundary in Region Of Interest (ROI), effective distance of acting force and useless moving, etc, VFA is improved to overcome the above problems. Furthermore, an expression of exponential function for the relationship of virtualforce is proposed to converge rapidly. Extensive simulation results indicate that these improved VFA get better performance in coverage rate, moving energy consumption, convergence etc. than original VFA.
In modern information technology, mobile sensor networks (MSNs) play an important role in industrial or military applications, so sensor deployment is a key issue in MSN research. Based on wireless communication theor...
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In modern information technology, mobile sensor networks (MSNs) play an important role in industrial or military applications, so sensor deployment is a key issue in MSN research. Based on wireless communication theory, hexagonal topology is known to provide the best field coverage, limited nodes, and minimal system cost. In the 2-D dusty plasma physical system, plasma particles are capable of forming a good hexagonal structure based on Yukawa system crystallization. Therefore, this strategy can be applied to node deployment algorithm in MSN applications. For this paper, we used a 2-D dusty plasma simulation in order to provide node deployment for a large sensor network, and, for better performance evaluations, adopted the Delaunay triangulation in order to determine adjacent particles of a given dust particle. Sensor deployment distributions and system performance were carefully examined by considering various values for the shielding length and the computation scale in simulations. Here, we discuss the influence of the shielding rule in Yukawa system crystallization on sensor deployment applications. Our results indicate that the algorithm leads to better field coverage with perfect hexagonal topology, good system uniformity, and lower energy consumption, and can be considered as an aid for fast deployment experiments when thousands of wireless sensors are required within a large-scale area.
The foremost functionality of the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is monitoring of the given target field. The formation of holes in the target field is quite common and is unavoidable due to the nature of the WSN, and ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479931408
The foremost functionality of the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is monitoring of the given target field. The formation of holes in the target field is quite common and is unavoidable due to the nature of the WSN, and random deployment. On the other hand, it is very important to ensure that the target field is completely and continuously covered. VorLag technique and virtual force algorithm are the two main approaches that detect and repair the coverage hole formed due to random deployment. There are some drawbacks in each of these approaches. This paper proposes an approach called the Hybrid Hole Detection and Healing (HHDH) taking the advantages from VorLag and virtual force algorithm to detect and heal the coverage hole effectively with minimum sensor movements. The proposed HHDH uses a VorLag approach for detecting and virtual force algorithm for healing the coverage-hole formed due to random deployment. A special feature of the HHDH is that it deploys a Hole Healing Controller (HHC) and determines the Hole Healing Region (HHR). The determination of the HHR assists the HHC in selecting an appropriate node for the healing process. Only nodes that are located in the appropriate locations are involved in the healing procedure. HHDH is a distributed coverage-hole healing algorithm that outperforms the existing VorLag and virtual force algorithm.
The sensor deployment problem of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a key issue in the researches and the applications of WSNs. Fewer works focus on the 3D autonomous deployment. Aimed at the problem of sensor deploym...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783662469811;9783662469804
The sensor deployment problem of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a key issue in the researches and the applications of WSNs. Fewer works focus on the 3D autonomous deployment. Aimed at the problem of sensor deployment in three dimensional spaces, the 3D Self-Deployment algorithm (3DSD) in mobile sensor networks is proposed. A 3D virtualforce model is utilized in the 3DSD method. A negotiation tactic is introduced to ensure network connectivity, and a density control strategy is used to balance the node distribution. The proposed algorithm can fulfill the nodes autonomous deployment in 3D space with obstacles. Simulation results indicate that the deployment process of 3DSD is relatively rapid, and the nodes are well distributed. Furthermore, the coverage ratio of 3DSD approximates the theoretical maximum value.
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