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Integrated SDN/NFV Management and Orchestration Architecture for Dynamic Deployment of virtual SDN Control Instances for virtual Tenant networks [Invited]

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JOURNAL OF OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS AND networkING 2015年第11期7卷 B62-B70页

作者： Munoz, Raul Vilalta, Ricard Casellas, Ramon Martinez, Ricardo Szyrkowiec, Thomas Autenrieth, Achim Lopez, Victor Lopez, Diego CTTC Castelldefels 08860 Spain ADVA Opt Networking D-82152 Munich Germany ADVA Opt Networking Res Engn Adv Technol CTO Off D-82152 Munich Germany Telefon ID Madrid 28006 Spain

Software-defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) have emerged as the most promising candidates for improving network function and protocol programmability and dynamic adjustment of network resources. On the one hand, SDN is responsible for providing an abstraction of network resources through well-defined application programming interfaces. This abstraction enables SDN to perform network virtualization, that is, to slice the physical infrastructure and create multiple coexisting application-specific virtual tenant networks (VTNs) with specific quality-of-service and service-level-agreement requirements, independent of the underlying optical transport technology and network protocols. On the other hand, the notion of NFV relates to deploying network functions that are typically deployed in specialized and dedicated hardware, as software instances [called virtual network functions (VNFs)] running on commodity servers (e.g., in data centers) through software virtualization techniques. Despite all the attention that has been given to virtualizing IP functions (e.g., firewall;authentication, authorization, and accounting) or Long-Term Evolution control functions (e.g., mobility management entity, serving gateway, and packet data network gateway), some transport control functions can also be virtualized and moved to the cloud as a VNF. In this work we propose virtualizing the tenant SDN control functions of a VTN and moving them into the cloud. The control of a VTN is a key requirement associated with network virtualization, since it allows the dynamic programming (i.e., direct control and configuration) of the virtual resources allocated to the VTN. We experimentally assess and evaluate the first SDN/NFV orchestration architecture in a multipartner testbed to dynamically deploy independent SDN controller instances for each instantiated VTN and to provide the required connectivity within minutes.

关键词： Cloud and network resources Optical network virtualization SDN and NFV orchestration virtual network functions

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Efficient embedding of service function chains in space-division multiplexing elastic optical networks

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COMPUTER networkS 2023年第1期233卷

作者： Zhang, Shengyu Yeung, Kwan L. Univ Hong Kong Dept Elect & Elect Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China

virtual network functions (VNFs) are implemented as software instances on generic servers in Data Centers (DCs). A network service is implemented by an ordered list of VNFs, called Service Function Chain (SFC). SFC embedding decides which DC to place/instantiate a VNF, and how to route traffic through the instantiated VNFs/DCs. Benefits from its high capacity and flexibility, the Space-Division Multiplexing Elastic Optical networks (SDM-EONs) have been proposed as a promising solution to provide connection service between DCs. In this paper, the problem of SFC embedding in SDM-EONs is studied. We first formulate an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) to minimize the Maximum Index of the Utilized Frequency Slot (MIUFS) for a given set of SFC requests. To achieve scalability, a greedy algorithm is proposed to embed SFCs separately. For each SFC, the lowest cost embedding solution can be found by enumeration would be selected for service embedding. A novel stretch algorithm is then designed to reduce the computing complexity further. The key idea is to place VNFs close to the least-cost path between the source and destination of a request. Three strategies to measure the path cost are evaluated. Simulation results show that our stretch algorithm gives the best overall performance in terms of running time, bandwidth consumption, MIUFS and request blocking probability.

关键词： virtual network functions Service Function Chain Space-Division Multiplexing Elastic Optical networks

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Towards a virtual network function research agenda: A systematic literature review of VNF design considerations

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JOURNAL OF network AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS 2019年 146卷 102417-000页

作者： Zhang, Chuanji Joshi, Harshvardhan P. Riley, George F. Wright, Steven A. Georgia Inst Technol Atlanta GA 30332 USA North Carolina State Univ Raleigh NC 27695 USA AT&T Atlanta GA 30319 USA

The traditional hardware-based physical network functions are increasingly being replaced with software-only virtual network functions (VNFs). A systematic review on the VNF, scoped to cover research papers, open source projects, and standards, is conducted in this work. The review identifies a globally recognized technology trend towards the implementations of VNFs. Based on the design criteria proposed and analyzed in this paper, and the research questions used to structure this review, a window on the current state of the art for VNFs is provided to establish a research agenda. Common themes in future research directions for VNFs are identified. These include: better ways of managing VNF state information to improve flexibility and agility during load balancing, failover, and life cycle operations, and designing VNFs to enable their transparent migration across central and edge clouds.

关键词： virtual network functions network function virtualization Future networking

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Low-latency virtual network function Scheduling Algorithm Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

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COMPUTER networkS 2024年 246卷

作者： Liu, Zhiwei Shu, Zhaogang Chen, Shuwu Zhong, Yiwen Lin, Jiaxiang Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ Comp & Informat Coll Fuzhou Peoples R China

This paper addresses the problem of mapping, scheduling, and routing of virtual network functions (VNF) on a service function chain (SFC) that is sensitive to latency in a virtual network. A scheduling algorithm for VNF is proposed, which aims to minimize the SFC rejection rate while taking into account VNF mapping, scheduling, and traffic routing during the scheduling process. To achieve this goal, a Markov decision process (MDP)-based VNF scheduling model is established that guarantees SFC resource requirements are met. The model uses the D3QN (Dueling Double DQN) algorithm based on composite rules to select the SFC at each scheduling time point, and selects virtual nodes and routes using a routing optimization algorithm to minimize the SFC rejection rate. We compare our algorithm with the single rule, DQN and genetic algorithm, and the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the rejection rate of SFC by approximately 8% compared to genetic algorithms.

关键词： Service function chain virtual network functions Delay-aware VNF scheduling Deep reinforcement learning

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Fault and performance management in multi-cloud virtual network services using AI: A tutorial and a case study

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COMPUTER networkS 2019年 165卷 106950-000页

作者： Gupta, Lav Salman, Tara Zolanvari, Maede Erbad, Aiman Jain, Raj Washington Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn St Louis MO 63110 USA Qatar Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Doha Qatar

Carriers find network Function virtualization (NFV) and multi-cloud computing a potent combination for deploying their network services. The resulting virtual network services (VNS) offer great flexibility and cost advantages to them. However, vesting such services with a level of performance and availability akin to traditional networks has proved to be a difficult problem for academics and practitioners alike. There are a number of reasons for this complexity. The challenging nature of management of fault and performance issues of NFV and multi-cloud based VNSs is an important reason. Rule-based techniques that are used in the traditional physical networks do not work well in the virtual environments. Fortunately, machine and deep learning techniques of Artificial Intelligence (Al) are proving to be effective in this scenario. The main objective of this tutorial is to understand how Al-based techniques can help in fault detection and localization to take such services closer to the performance and availability of the traditional networks. A case study, based on our work in this area, has been included for a better understanding of the concepts. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： network Function virtualization virtual network Services Service Function Chains virtual network functions Multi-cloud Fault management Performance management Machine learning Deep learning

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A hybrid model for VNF deployment capable of responding to online requests at network edge

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COMPUTER networkS 2024年 247卷

作者： Zahedi, Seyed Reza Jamali, Shahram Islamic Azad Univ Dept Comp Engn Khalkhal Branch Khalkal Iran Univ Mohaghegh Ardabili Dept Comp Engn Ardebil Iran

network function virtualization (NFV) is a new network architecture that replaces dedicated hardware appliances with software instances and run them via software virtualization on general-purpose servers at edge clouds. As edge clouds are resource-constrained, optimal placement of virtual network functions (VNFs) is a challenging task. This problem has proven to be NP-hard, and thus, metaheuristic algorithms have been widely used to solve it. However, these techniques suffer from high computational complexity due to their iterative, time-consuming process and cannot be performed in real-time for online requests. This paper proposes a hybrid model based on heuristic algorithms and the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) to optimally assign VNFs to physical servers at edge clouds. In this method, a multi-criteria heuristic model is used for online VNF deployment, while WOA is performed offline to tune the hyperparameters of the heuristic model. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method against existing techniques in terms of power consumption and acceptance rate.

关键词： virtual network functions Edge computing Placement Real-time requests Whale Optimization Algorithm

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Managing 5G network slicing and edge computing with the MATILDA telecom layer platform

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COMPUTER networkS 2021年 194卷 108090-108090页

作者： Bruschi, Roberto Pajo, Jane Frances Davoli, Franco Lombardo, Chiara Univ Genoa DITEN Genoa Italy Telenor Oslo Norway CNIT S2N Natl Lab Rome Italy

The fifth generation (5G) of mobile networks is seen as a key enabler to support the introduction of digital technologies in multiple sectors, empowering different verticals and enabling new business models. Thanks to native capabilities of 5G networks, especially network slicing, edge computing and multi-tenancy, highly integrated telecom infrastructures with end-to-end flexibility will be realized to lower the barriers for creating 5Gready applications that are able to satisfy business and user necessities. In this context, the MATILDA Project has established a holistic framework that unifies the development, deployment and operation for this new kind of applications. Since Edge Computing is not natively supported by 4G, in order to anticipate the technological improvements foreseen with the advent of 5G, as well as to smoothen the transition to the new technology, this paper describes the design of the end-point between the mobile and edge environments that has been integrated in the MATILDA telecom layer platform. Such end-point, designed in a virtual network Function (VNF), allows intercepting and forwarding data and control traffic towards external Data networks. Instances of this VNF can be horizontally scaled according to a decision policy, which determines the minimum number of instances required for the current load. Results show that the latency ascribable to the VNF processing is sufficiently low to satisfy the delay budget for all 5G use-cases up to 10 ms and that a QCI-based decision policy allows scaling with the traffic load, while still fulfilling the performance requirements of each application.

关键词： Edge computing virtual network functions 5G Quality of service

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Comprehensive approach for optimization traffic routing and using network resources in a virtual data center

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Procedia Computer Science 2018年 136卷 62-71页

作者： Irina Bolodurina Denis Parfenov Orenburg State University pr Pobedy 13 Orenburg 40018 Russia

Today, telecommunication networks are the basis for deploying different types of cloud applications and services in data centers. The growing use of the cloud computing concept to provide access to applications and services every year increases the amount of converged network traffic. Existing approaches for traffic routing which using in the software defined-network don’t provide enough flexible solutions, able to adapt to changes in traffic flows in real time. At peak load, this leads to an overabundance of traffic to specific physical network nodes which are not prepared to handle a large data flow. One of the approaches that make it possible to solve this problem is the organization of adaptive traffic routing. In this paper are describes the developed approaches for effective control of traffic flow in the virtual data center. Our approaches are using the methods of the data mining and machine learning to more accurately classify and identify traffic flows of cloud applications and network services. This information helps for optimization traffic routes in real time. Another element of the proposed complex solution is solving the task of identifying routes in the virtual network of a data center. Within the framework of the research, the problem of route identification has been decomposed into two consecutive subproblems. The first part is aimed at the classification of communication channels in a virtual data center for a number of features that are characteristic of all superimposed networks. At the second part, based on the received data, the routes are clustered in accordance with the QoS requirements imposed by the current traffic flows. The received data are combined with information about the current flows of the circulating network and are fed to the input of the neural network to decide on the choice of a suitable route. Thus, the solution of the task of adaptive routing allows determining the priorities when creating the bandwidth of traffic flows, as

关键词： software-defined networks multi-cloud platforms virtual data center virtual network functions

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Implementation of NRF in the Docker-based NFV platform

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JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING-JOE 2019年第23期2019卷 8884-8887页

作者： Liu, Shasha Xu, Zhan Tian, Zhigang Beijing Informat Sci & Technol Univ Sch Informat & Commun Engn Beijing Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Tsinghua Natl Lab Informat Sci & Technol Beijing Peoples R China

network function virtualisation (NFV) represents one of the key enablers of the next generation mobile network systems (5G). NFV allows running virtual network functions (NFs) as software components on top of a virtualisation system (i.e. virtual machines or containers) hosted in a cloud, allowing high flexibility and elasticity to deploy network services and functions. Therefore, the NFs in 5G core network can be deployed on the common hardware platform in the form of software. In this study, network repository function (NRF) is implemented in Docker-based NFV platform in the form of JSON+HTTP/2.0 that supports service discovery function. The performance of NRF is also tested on real hardware platforms, including NF Register, NF Update, and NF Deregister. From the experimental data, it can be seen that the NRF in the NFV-based 5G architecture has good performance, and Docker-based NFV platform is more flexible than traditional communication networks.

关键词： virtual machines virtualisation cloud computing 5G mobile communication computer network performance evaluation next generation networks NRF NFV-based 5G architecture Docker-based NFV platform network function virtualisation virtual network functions virtualisation system virtual machines network services 5G core network network repository function service discovery function hardware platforms next generation mobile network systems software component JSON+HTTP 2 0 platform NF register NF update NF deregister

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A Tiered Control Plane Model for Service Function Chaining Isolation

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FUTURE INTERNET 2018年第6期10卷 46-46页

作者： Gunleifsen, Hakon Gkioulos, Vasileios Kemmerich, Thomas Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Fac Informat Technol & Elect Engn N-2815 Gjovik Norway

This article presents an architecture for encryption automation in interconnected network Function virtualization (NFV) domains. Current NFV implementations are designed for deployment within trusted domains, where overlay networks with static trusted links are utilized for enabling network security. Nevertheless, within a Service Function Chain (SFC), virtual network Function (VNF) flows cannot be isolated and end-to-end encrypted because each VNF requires direct access to the overall SFC data-flow. This restricts both end-users and Service Providers from enabling end-to-end security, and in extended VNF isolation within the SFC data traffic. Encrypting data flows on a per-flow basis results in an extensive amount of secure tunnels, which cannot scale efficiently in manual configurations. Additionally, creating secure data plane tunnels between NFV providers requires secure exchange of key parameters, and the establishment of an east-west control plane protocol. In this article, we present an architecture focusing on these two problems, investigating how overlay networks can be created, isolated, and secured dynamically. Accordingly, we propose an architecture for automated establishment of encrypted tunnels in NFV, which introduces a novel, tiered east-west communication channel between network controllers in a multi-domain environment.

关键词： software defined networks service function chain virtual network functions border gateway protocol traffic isolation key management services

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