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Spatial interpolation methods for virtual rotating array beamforming with arbitrary microphone configurations

Aerospace Systems 2022年第1期5卷 149-158页

作者： Yang, Jiacheng Zhang, Ce Ma, Wei School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China

virtual rotating array (VRA) beamforming is a robust technique in the identification of rotating sound sources in frequency-domain. Under normal circumstances, the configuration of microphone array is established in ring geometry centred around the rotating axis. Two interpolation methods for arbitrary microphone configurations are proposed by Jekosch and Sarradj (Acoustics, 2020). One is to construct a mesh between all stationary microphones using Delaunay-triangulation, another one is a meshless technique based on radial basis function. However, whether other spatial interpolation methods are available in VRA beamforming with arbitrary microphone configurations is still unclear. This paper adds several new spatial interpolation methods in VRA beamforming and detailedly compares the performances of these interpolation methods in simulations. The simulating results demonstrated that all these interpolation methods are successfully applied in VRA beamforming with arbitrary microphone configurations. Inverse distance weighting interpolation method owns the best performance in rotating sound source localization. In addition, all these interpolation methods have poor spectrum construction capability and sound source strength precision. © 2021, Shanghai Jiao Tong University.

关键词： Beamforming rotating sound source localization Spatial interpolation method virtual rotating array

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Simulation investigation of spatial interpolations in virtual rotating array beamforming with different array configurations for rotating sound source localization

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JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION 2023年第1期560卷

作者： Lee, Cheng Wei Ma, Wei Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut Shanghai Peoples R China

virtual rotating array (VRA) beamforming is a frequency domain rotating sound source localization algorithm, whose basic concept is to make the microphones stationary relative to the sound source. Previously, VRA beamforming was restricted to the array configuration of ring formation. Recently, scholars have successfully applied several spatial interpolation methods to an array with arbitrary microphone configuration for VRA beamforming. However, the performance of these interpolation methods in different array configurations has not been verified. In this paper, spatial interpolation methods in VRA beamforming are applied to several array configurations by simulation, to verify their Doppler shift compensation capability, spectrum reconstruction capability, sound source position precision and sound source strength accuracy. Meanwhile, comparing the results with those of a ring array. Results show that regardless of the interpolation method and array configuration applied, the Doppler effect can be compensated well. The performance of interpolation methods is affected by the array configuration, yet the inverse distance weighting class performs well in terms of position precision across all arbitrary array configuration. Although each arbitrary array configuration can better locate all sound source locations, it cannot accurately identify the sound intensity differences of each source. While the ring array can identify the position and sound intensity of each source more accurately.

关键词： Microphone array rotating sound source localization virtual rotating array Spatial interpolation

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Efficient frequency domain method for holographic localization of rotating sound sources with arbitrary array configurations

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JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION 2023年 544卷

作者： Feng, Jianxiong Liu, Yangfan Li, Kai Ming Purdue Univ Sch Mech Engn Ray W Herrick Labs 177 S Russell St W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

Owing to the widespread use of rotating machinery, the localization of rotating sources and the prediction of associated sound fields were extensively studied in the past decades. Most of the previous studies employed beamforming techniques for the localization of rotating sources. These methods usually rely on the use of a virtual rotating array (VRA), in which the Doppler effects caused by source rotation can be eliminated. In this study, compressive sensing (CS) near-field acoustic holography (NAH), which has been extended to the reconstruction of rotating sources using the frequency domain (FD) VRA method, can provide reconstruction capabilities that beamforming techniques cannot offer, such as predictions of the source amplitude and phase information. Furthermore, an improved resolution of spatial reconstructions at low frequencies was achieved. In addition to the direct combination of the FD-VRA method and recently developed stationary source CS acoustical holography techniques, a more efficient algorithm for FD-VRA was developed to address the shortcomings of the traditional approach, such as higher computational cost and the requirement of a circular array with equally spaced microphones. The proposed FD-VRA method only involves a direct summation of the rotating sidebands of signals measured on a stationary array, which effectively reduces the computational load. More importantly, an arbitrary array of optimized microphones can be used. The proposed algorithm works accurately for narrowband sources without overlapping frequency components in the rotating sidebands.

关键词： rotating sound sources virtual rotating array Frequency domain Acoustical holography

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Separation of rotating and stationary sound sources based on robust principal component analysis

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2025年第8期38卷

作者： Fangli NING Weizhe ZHENG Hongjie HOU Yang WANG School of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an 710072 China

Traditional beamforming techniques may not accurately locate sources in scenarios with both stationary and rotating sound sources. The existence of rotating sound sources can cause blurring in the stationary beamforming map. Current algorithms for separating different moving sound sources have limited effectiveness, leading to significant residual noise, especially when the rotating source is strong enough to mask stationary sources completely. To overcome these challenges, a novel solution utilizing a virtual rotating array in the modal domain combined with robust principal component analysis is proposed to separate sound sources with different rotational speeds. This approach, named Robust Principal Component Analysis in the Modal domain (RPCA-M), investigates the performance of convex nuclear norm and non-convex Schatten- p norm to distinguish stationary and rotating sources. By comparing the errors in Cross-Spectral Matrix (CSM) recovery and acoustic imaging across different algorithms, the effectiveness of RPCA-M in separating stationary and moving sound sources is demonstrated. Importantly, this method effectively separates sound sources, even when there are significant variations in their amplitudes at different rotation speeds.

关键词： Beamforming Cross-spectral matrix virtual rotating array Robust principal component analysis Separation of sources

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