Natural visual stimuli are typically complex. This presents animals with the challenge of learning the most informative aspects of these stimuli while not being confused by variable elements. How animals might do this...
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Natural visual stimuli are typically complex. This presents animals with the challenge of learning the most informative aspects of these stimuli while not being confused by variable elements. How animals might do this remains unclear. In this study, we tested bumble bees' ability to learn multicomponent visual stimuli composed of a simple constant bar element and a grating element that was consistent in orientation but varied in width, number of gratings and position. Bees rapidly and successfully learnt these compound stimuli. Tests revealed learning of the consistent single bar was more robust than learning of the grating element. This study highlights how even small-brained invertebrates can rapidly learn multicomponent stimuli and prioritize the most consistent elements within them. We discuss how the learning phenomena of generalization and overshadowing may be sufficient to explain these findings, and caution that complex cognitive concepts are not necessary to explain the learning of complex stimuli. (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://***/licenses/ by/4.0/).
This exploration aims to provide a kind of interactive electronic music composition thinking based on visual learning and visual sensing technology to enhance the thinking process of electronic music composition. Init...
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This exploration aims to provide a kind of interactive electronic music composition thinking based on visual learning and visual sensing technology to enhance the thinking process of electronic music composition. Initially, it summarizes the functionalities of the physics components in Unity and analyzes the principles of visual interaction implementation using Virtual Reality (VR) devices and Leap Motion in Unity. Subsequently, the composition of interactive electronic music works is designed and implemented based on ultrasonic sensor technology. Lastly, this exploration focuses on the complete visual design of the audio-visual integration of Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) music to represent Cymatics' images of the emotional content of the music. MIDI data can be assigned to provide various mapping possibilities between images and content in music visualization composition. This exploration also designs experiments based on sensory aftereffects and audio-visual synesthesia to further determine the counterpoint law between the shape of dynamic Cymatics' images and the timbre's audio-visual synesthetic results. The results indicate that Bass and Kick are distributed in the mid-low frequency and sub-low frequency range (20-160 Hz), Vocal and Lead are distributed in the mid-high frequency range (1280-2560 Hz), and Hihat is distributed in the high-frequency range (2560-5120 Hz). This exploration utilizes computer technology to create a music visualization method that conforms to the visual expression and aesthetic style of a multi-sensory experience.
In this paper, we present a novel method for learning complex concepts/hypotheses directly from raw training data. The task addressed here concerns data-driven synthesis of recognition procedures for real-world object...
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In this paper, we present a novel method for learning complex concepts/hypotheses directly from raw training data. The task addressed here concerns data-driven synthesis of recognition procedures for real-world object recognition. The method uses linear genetic programming to encode potential solutions expressed in terms of elementary operations, and handles the complexity of the learning task by applying cooperative coevolution to decompose the problem automatically at the genotype level. The training coevolves feature extraction procedures, each being a sequence of elementary image processing and computer vision operations applied to input images. Extensive experimental results show that the approach attains competitive performance for three-dimensional object recognition in real synthetic aperture radar imagery.
Focuses on the use of navigation in visual learning. Features of the Shoslif-N navigation system; Advantages of model-based methods; Comparison between Shoslif and other methods. INSETS: Related work.;Vector represent...
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Focuses on the use of navigation in visual learning. Features of the Shoslif-N navigation system; Advantages of model-based methods; Comparison between Shoslif and other methods. INSETS: Related work.;Vector representation for an image.;Principal-component analysis.;Linear discriminant analysis.
We discuss automatic rule generation techniques for learning relational properties of two-dimensional (2-D) visual patterns and three-dimensional (3-D) objects from training samples where the observed feature values a...
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We discuss automatic rule generation techniques for learning relational properties of two-dimensional (2-D) visual patterns and three-dimensional (3-D) objects from training samples where the observed feature values are continuous. In particular, we explore a conditional rule generation method that defines patterns (or objects) in terms of ordered lists of bounds on unary (pattern part) and binary (part relation) features. The technique, termed conditional rule generation (CRG), was developed to integrate relational structure representations of patterns and the generalization characteristics of evidenced-based systems (EBS). We show how this technique can be used for recognition of complex patterns and of objects in scenes, Further, we show the extent to which the learned rules can identify patterns and objects that have undergone nonrigid distortions.
In this study, we selected eight articles reflecting three dimensions of visual learning: new approaches and visualization techniques;education theories on visual learning;and implementation of educational projects th...
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In this study, we selected eight articles reflecting three dimensions of visual learning: new approaches and visualization techniques;education theories on visual learning;and implementation of educational projects that use the theoretical and conceptual aspects of visual learning. Using the IRAMUTEQ software we performed a visual analysis of the themes of the eight articles. The study present a state of the art of the different approaches to visual learning in the field of education and research. After a systematic review of the literature on the field of visual learning, we discuss the findings of the research and the analytical tools that support visual learning.
Pieris rapae (L.) oviposited readily on paper wetted with sinigrin solution, if it was yellow, green, light blue or white, but not if violet, red or black. On violet discs, feeding responses distracted the butterflies...
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Pieris rapae (L.) oviposited readily on paper wetted with sinigrin solution, if it was yellow, green, light blue or white, but not if violet, red or black. On violet discs, feeding responses distracted the butterflies from oviposition and they often laid on neighbouring green discs which lacked sinigrin. When some discs with water and others with sinigrin solution were offered together, butterflies oviposited more on water discs of the same colour as the sinigrin discs, as opposed to those of a different colour. Within a range of sinigrin solutions tested (10-1000 ppm) the higher concentrations elicited most oviposition. Preference was slight for different concentrations applied to physically identical discs, but marked for the higher of two concentrations (100 vs. 75 ppm) on discs of different but equally acceptable appearance. It was concluded that by trial-and-error, ovipositing butterflies learned to associate the appearance of the oviposition site with its contact chemical stimuli, and that learning either increased or decreased the specificity of responses to sinigrin-treated discs, according to the design of the assay. learning influenced preference differently in butterflies offered two as opposed to three kinds of acceptable site.
An algorithm is presented in which a computer is visually shown a sequence of views of a solid planar object as the object is rotated in space. The computer automatically forms a three-dimensional description of the o...
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An algorithm is presented in which a computer is visually shown a sequence of views of a solid planar object as the object is rotated in space. The computer automatically forms a three-dimensional description of the object. The description consists of a deterministic description of the object"s surfaces and how they are interconnected to form the object, along with a measure of each surface"s shape which is invariant to three-dimensional rotation. From this self-learned model of the object, the object can later be recognized from any viewing angle. The basis of the algorithm is the ability of the program to determine in a specific visual view: "What do I see now that I have seen before?" This is accomplished by generating two sets of mappings of one object description to another object description.
Inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, theophylline and caffeine, decrease visual learning performance of D. melanogaster wildtype C-S. Likewise neostigmine, an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, diminish...
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Inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, theophylline and caffeine, decrease visual learning performance of D. melanogaster wildtype C-S. Likewise neostigmine, an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, diminishes visual learning performance of C-S wildtype flies. The effects of neostigmine as well as theophylline and caffeine on this behavior are reversed by acetylcholine antagonists atropine and d-tubocurarine;atropine and d-tubocurarine at the same concentrations do not affect visual learning performance per se. The functional compensation of the effect of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors by acetylcholine antagonists may be a 1st indication of a functional coupling of cyclic nucleotide metabolism and acetylcholine transmission in visual learning performance of Drosophila. The effect of caffeine and the dunce1 mutation are not alike: Caffeine reduces visual conditioned behavior of the PDE II mutant dunce1 further. visual learning performance of dunce1 is not increased to normal wildtype levels by atropine or d-tubocurarine.
visual-orientation learning of a tethered flying bee was investigated using a flight simulator and a novel protocol in which orientation preference toward trained visual targets was assessed in tests performed before ...
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visual-orientation learning of a tethered flying bee was investigated using a flight simulator and a novel protocol in which orientation preference toward trained visual targets was assessed in tests performed before and after appetitive conditioning. Either a blue or a green rectangle (conditioned stimulus, CS) was associated with 30% sucrose solution (unconditioned stimulus, US), whereas the other rectangle was not paired with US. Bees were tested in a closed-looped flight simulator 5 min after ten pairings of the US and CS. Conditioned bees were preferentially oriented to the CS after such training. This increase in preference for CS was maintained for 24 h, indicating the presence of long-term memory. Because the total orienting time was not altered by conditioning, conditioning did not enhance orientation activity itself but increased the relative time for orientation to CS. When 0.4 or 4 mM epinastine (an antagonist of octopamine receptors) was injected into the bee's head 30 min prior to the experiment, both short- and long-term memory formation were significantly impaired, suggesting that octopamine, which is crucial for appetitive olfactory learning in insects, is also involved in visual orientation learning.
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