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4th Conference on United Kingdom and Ireland Computing Education Research (UKICER)

作者： Cole, Elizabeth Cutts, Quintin Univ Glasgow Sch Comp Sci Glasgow Lanark Scotland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450397421

This teaching and learning framework supports the transfer of primary level literacy pedagogical knowledge to the subject of computing science. Teachers apply the same rationale for using wordless picture books for reading development to the teaching of introductory programming. Children see (S), talk (T) and explain (E) visual programming animations in preparation (P) for their exposure to code (STEP).

关键词： Introductory programming primary level Scratch visual programming

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Conversational programming in Action

Conversational Programming in Action

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IEEE Symposium on visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)

作者： Repenning, Alexander AgentSheets Inc Boulder CO 80301 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781457712456

Accelerated by the Do-It-Yourself mindset of the Web 2.0 culture, end-user programming, which is programming by end users with limited, if any, formal programming background, is growing rapidly. Especially in educational settings, children are exposed to computational thinking by making games, building scientific simulations and creating stories. Early educational programming languages such as Logo have made programming substantially more accessible to end users. More recent approaches include visual programming with drag-and-drop style of programming making it nearly impossible to compose syntactically incorrect programs. However, as the syntactic challenges of end-user programming are gradually fading into the past, the new frontier of semantic programming support emerges. This demonstration introduces Future Trace, a system to make programming more conversational. A conversational programming agent runs programs one step into the future in order to visualize discrepancies between the programs users intended to write and the actual programs.

关键词： Game design computational thinking debugging end-user programming visual programming

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Interleaved 2D Notation for Concatenative programming 1

Interleaved 2D Notation for Concatenative Programming

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1st International Workshop on programming Abstractions and Interactive Notations, Tools, and Environments (PAINT)

作者： Homer, Michael Victoria Univ Wellington Sch Engn & Comp Sci Wellington New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9781450399104

Concatenative languages use implicit argument passing to provide a concise expression of programs comprising many composed transformation functions. However, they are sometimes regarded as "write-only" languages because understanding code requires mentally simulating the manipulations of the argument stack to identify where values are produced and consumed. All of this difficulty can be avoided with a notation that presents both the functions and their operands simultaneously, which can also ease editing by making available values and functions directly apparent. This paper presents a two-dimensional notation for these programs, comprising alternating rows of functions and operands with arguments and return values indicated by physical layout, and a tool for interactive live editing of programs in this notation.

关键词： concatenative programming visual programming dataflow programming

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The effect on computational thinking and identified learning aspects: Comparing unplugged smartGames with SRA-programming with tangible or On-screen output

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EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 2024年第3期29卷 2999-3024页

作者： Fanchamps, Nardie van Gool, Emily Slangen, Lou Hennissen, Paul Open Univ Valkenburgerweg 177 NL-6419 AT Heerlen Netherlands Fontys Univ Appl Sci Mgr Claessenstr 4 NL-6131 AJ Sittard Netherlands Zuyd Univ Appl Sci Nieuw Eyckholt 300 NL-6419 DJ Heerlen Netherlands

Learning basic concepts of programming resulting in a development on computational thinking (CT) can be reached by means of digital programming environments. As a counterpart, the application of unplugged programming activities seems also to have promising potential regarding the impact on CT. The main characteristic of unplugged programming is that it comprises activities without the use of information and communication technologies (ICT). Since previous research has shown that the application of sense-reason-act (SRA) programming with different types of output demonstrated a better understanding of underlying complex programming concepts with an impact on CT, our research investigates whether the application of unplugged programming, offered via SmartGames, can also generate such a distinctive impact on developing CT. To capture the effects of the different interventions applied, a mixed-methods study was conducted among primary school students aged ten to twelve. Research data were obtained by means of a pretest-posttest questionnaire survey using the validated Computational Thinking Test (CTt), and by conducting interviews to determine the effects of CT and to ascertain identifiable learning effects. Our research indicates that unplugged programming by applying SmartGames can be a consummate regarding the development of CT, similar to SRA-programming using either robotics with tangible output or robot simulations with on-screen output. The research findings identified support our claim that the application of unplugged SmartGames shows equivalent development on CT sub-characteristics in comparison with plugged-in SRA-programming with tangible or on-screen output. A better understanding of complex programming concepts and positive identified learning effects could only be partly demonstrated.

关键词： Unplugged SmartGames SRA-programming Computational thinking visual programming Tangible output On-screen output

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An IDE for Easy programming of Simple Robotics Tasks 18

An IDE for Easy Programming of Simple Robotics Tasks

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18th IEEE International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM)

作者： Shepherd, David Francis, Patrick Weintrop, David Franklin, Diana Li, Boyang Afzal, Afsoon ABB Corp Res Bangalore Karnataka India Univ Maryland College Pk MD USA Univ Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538682906

Many robotic tasks in small manufacturing sites are quite simple. For example, a pick and place task requires only a few common commands. Unfortunately, the standard languages and programming environments for industrial robots are complex, making even these simple tasks nearly impossible for novices. To enable novices to program simple tasks we created a block-based programming language and environment focused on usability, learnability, and understandability and embedded its programming environment in a state-of-the-art robot simulator. By using this high-fidelity prototype over the course of a year in a case study, a user study, and for countless demonstrations we have gained many concrete insights. In this paper we discuss the details of the language, the design of its programming environment, and concrete insights gained via longitudinal usage.

关键词： IDE Robotics visual programming

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Swipe-and-Tap Functional programming 22

Swipe-and-Tap Functional Programming

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ACM International Conference on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces (ISS)

作者： Homer, Michael Anslow, Craig Victoria Univ Wellington Sch Engn & Comp Sci Wellington New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9781450393560

programming on touch-screen devices is notoriously difficult, with conventional programming affordances typically unavailable or unhelpful. Here we present a novel touch-screen programming environment for a style of functional programming that more closely matches typical touch-screen needs, where all editing operations are driven by concrete data values and selected by swipe and tap gestures. The environment provides live editing and supports exploratory programming, with direct display of all calculation values and earlier phases of development always available to edit in-place.

关键词： touch-screen devices functional programming visual programming

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Block-Based programming Abstractions for Explicit Parallel Computing

Block-Based Programming Abstractions for Explicit Parallel C...

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IEEE Blocks and Beyond Workshop (B&B)

作者： Feng, Annette Tilevich, Eli Feng, Wu-chun Virginia Tech Dept Comp Sci Blacksburg VA 24061 USA Virginia Tech Dept Elect & Comp Engn Blacksburg VA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467383677

With the majority of computing devices now featuring multiple computing cores, modern programmers need to be able to write programs that utilize these cores in parallel to extract the requisite levels of performance. Despite the need for such explicit parallel computing, few programmers are properly groomed in the mindset and the practices of parallel computing. Block-based programming languages, such as Scratch and Snapl, have proven to be a highly effective means of teaching fundamental programming concepts to a wide student audience. Nevertheless, the rich feature-set of mainstream block-based programming environments lack abstractions for explicit parallel programming, thus missing the opportunity to introduce this increasingly important programming concept at a time when the students' minds are most receptive. This paper reports on the results of an NSF-sponsored project for adding and integrating explicit programming abstractions, including producer-consumer, master-worker, and MapReduce, to block-based languages. We describe our reference implementation of adding the producer-consumer abstraction to Snap! and an educational project that utilizes this abstraction. This project clearly demonstrate the key features of parallel processing, without unduly burdening the programmer with the low-level details that this programming model typically entails. Our initial results show great potential in introducing the key concepts of parallel computing via block-based programming.

关键词： explicit parallel computing computer science education block-based programming visual programming parallel computational patterns

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Toward integrating systems engineering with software engineering through Object-Process programming

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International Journal of Information Technology (Singapore) 2020年 1-35页

作者： Jbara, Ahmad Bibliowicz, Arieh Wengrowicz, Niva Levi, Natali Dori, Dov Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management at the Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel School of Computer & Cyber Sciences Augusta University Augusta GA United States Computer Science school Netanya Academic College Netanya Israel Microsoft Israel Herzliya Israel Systems Design and Management Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge 02139 MA United States

Modern systems comprise hardware and software components that together provide value through enabling the functionality that the system is intended to provide. Systems engineering (SE) and software engineering (SwE) are therefore interdependent, tightly coupled, and complementary activities that must be carefully aligned and coordinated throughout the system development process. Yet, these two disciplines have historically grown quite separated from each other, with too little interaction and mutual learning. In this work, we develop and evaluate Object-Process programming (OPP) as a proof-of-concept for a common framework that integrates SE and SwE based on ISO 19450—Object-Process Methodology. The ability of designers to use the same paradigm for engineering the software, the hardware, and the system as a whole, using the same concepts and principles and the same design environment, described and discussed in this work, is a major step towards the integration and streamlining of engineering new systems that feature significant hardware and software components. To evaluate OPP, we established a focus group and conducted an experiment in which participants were asked to develop systems using OPP. Overall, the results were positive in terms of usability and understandability. In particular, the language and the environment were far superior in comparison to textual languages. OPP will contribute to the continuous endeavor to bridge the gap between SE and SwE by providing a seamless, easy-to-learn environment. Non-technical stakeholders can also benefit from OPP by improving their communication with technical stakeholders. The ideas underlying OPP have already served to augment OPM with computational capabilities. © 2020, Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of Computer Applications and Management.

关键词： Conceptual modeling Cyber-physical systems Hardware-software co-design Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) Object-Process Methodology (OPM) Object-Process programming (OPP) Software engineering Software modeling Systems engineering visual programming visual programming languages

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The impact of teaching computer programming in Tanzanian primary schools

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INTERACTIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS 2024年第3期32卷 1159-1170页

作者： Kilavo, Hassan Kondo, Tabu S. Hassan, Feruzi Univ Dodoma Coll Informat & Virtual Educ Dodoma Tanzania

Today computing is intricate in all aspects of our lives, beginning with communications and education to banking, information security, health, shopping, and social media. Development of the computing is proportional to the development of software which is becoming a serious part of all daily lives. This paper, therefore, assessed the impact of teaching Computer programming Language in Tanzanian primary schools. To achieve this, a new tool for teaching and learning a computer programming language was developed. Furthermore, a two-tier approach was adopted where the training started on an algorithm first, then if, loops and case conditionals as the third concept inside the first tier. On the other hand, variables, lists, and functions are hooked on the second tier. Results indicate that students acquired together reasoning learning in a conceptual argument of view and skill performance. Students were able to accomplish the expertise to practice or apply the theories of programming knowledge in programming-connected tasks.

关键词： programming coding bock-based programming visual programming

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Blocks-based programming Languages: Simplifying programming for Different Audiences with Different Goals 14

Blocks-based Programming Languages: Simplifying Programming ...

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45th ACM SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE)

作者： Medlock-Walton, Paul Harms, Kyle J. Kraemer, Eileen T. Brennan, Karen Wendel, Daniel MIT 77 Massachusetts AveBldg E15-301 Cambridge MA 02139 USA Washington Univ St Louis MO 63130 USA Univ Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA Harvard Univ Cambridge MA 02138 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450326056

In this panel, the moderator, who has expertise in computer science education and HCI, but with no ties to any particular blocks-based programming environment in particular, will provide a brief overview of the state of the field of visual programming for education generally, and blocks-based visual programming environments and the languages that go with them more specifically. As early as in 1986, blocks-based visual programming environments were conceived of and built as research studies (Glinert & Smith, 1986)). However, the last five to ten years have seen a proliferation of these kinds of programming languages. Scratch and Alice are probably the most widely known of these programming interfaces, but there are many. Among these, many share common traits: the goal of simplifying the syntax of programming, a related goal of making what were once difficult tasks relegated to arcane languages simpler, and often another related goal of opening computer programming up to a wider audience than has recently traditionally engaged in programming activities. The moderator will be followed by four panelists, representing four blocks-based programming environments that share these affordances, but which more interestingly, are distinct in a number of ways. These panelists, experts in MIT App Inventor, Scratch, Looking Glass, and ToolBlox, respectively, will each have ten minutes to discuss their respective language and the possibility-space it aims to simplify. Specifically, each language will be examined from three perspectives: the reason the tool was created, the target audience for the tool, and how the tool engages those users in computational thinking and learning to program. The moderator will then lead a substantive discussion with the audience and panel members on the material presented.

关键词： blocks-based programming visual programming

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