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A digital tool based on code indicators to assess the seismic behaviour of existing masonry structures: Application to Croatian residential buildings

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STRUCTURES 2023年 58卷

作者： Stepinac, Mislav Ozic, Karlo Nincevic, Anthony Funari, Marco Francesco Lourenco, Paulo B. Univ Zagreb Fac Civil Engn Zagreb Croatia Green Tech Construct Doo Zagreb Croatia Univ Surrey Guildford England Univ Minho ISISE ARISE Guimaraes Portugal

This paper proposes a methodology to define code-based indicators of the seismic behaviour of existing masonry structures. Given the geometrical information about the structure under investigation, the proposed method performs real-time structural checks according to the EN 1998-1 - "General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings". Then, modal analysis is performed to assess the structure's dynamic behaviour under investigation and to assist the user in defining retrofit measures. In this study, 103 masonry buildings located in Zagreb are analysed, accounting for the cross-sectional area of load-bearing walls, geometric requirements for shear walls, regularity of plan configuration and its symmetry, torsional effects induced by the distance of the centres of mass and stiffnesses, and modal analysis. The workflow is implemented into the environment offered by Rhino3D and Grasshopper, which allows for the parametric handle of a large set of information through object-oriented scripts, and it can be valuable for both pre-earthquake and post-earthquake assessments of masonry buildings.

关键词： Masonry structures Digital tools visual programming Seismic protection

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LabVIEW-based control and data acquisition system for cathodoluminescence experiments

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REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011年第11期82卷 113109-113109页

作者： Bok, J. Schauer, P. ASCR Inst Sci Instruments Vvi Dept Electron Opt CZ-61264 Brno Czech Republic

Computer automation of cathodoluminescence (CL) experiments using equipment developed in our laboratory is described. The equipment provides various experiments for CL efficiency, CL spectra, and CL time response studies. The automation was realized utilizing the graphical programming environment LabVIEW. The developed application software with procedures for equipment control and data acquisition during various CL experiments is presented. As the measured CL data are distorted by technical limitations of the equipment, such as equipment spectral sensitivity and time response, data correction algorithms were incorporated into the procedures. Some examples of measured data corrections are presented. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3662203]

关键词： cathodoluminescence data acquisition virtual instrumentation visual programming

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Energy flux vectors as a new tool for convection visualization

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL METHODS FOR HEAT & FLUID FLOW 2010年第2期20卷 240-249页

作者： Hooman, Kamel Univ Queensland Sch Engn Brisbane Qld Australia

Purpose - The aim of this paper is to introduce a new technique for convection visualization. This is similar to Bejan's heatlines and is even an exact match to Landau and Lifshitz's energy streamlines for two-dimensional geometries. Design/methodology/approach - The work benefits from a combination of numerical and analytical tools to show that, in two-dimensional space, heatlines and energy streamlines are effectively the same. More importantly, the energy flux vectors are tracing both of them accurately;as verified for some cases of free and forced convection problems in this paper. Findings - The new technique is easier to implement compared to the existing counterparts which are available in the literature. More specifically, the advantage of this new technique is that, contrary to heatlines and energy streamlines, it does not require further numerical analysis in addition to solving momentum and energy equations. Originality/value - Energy flux vectors offer higher resolution compared to existing visualization tools.

关键词： Flow Convection visual programming

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Methodology for Voxel-Based Earthwork Modeling

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JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 2021年第10期147卷 04021111-04021111页

作者： Shoaib Khan, Muhammad Kim, Jeonghwan Park, Soohyun Lee, Soomin Seo, Jongwon Hanyang Univ Dept Civil & Environm Engn Seoul 04763 South Korea Korea Natl Univ Transportat Dept Civil Engn Chungbuk 27469 South Korea

Building information modeling (BIM) can facilitate effective three-dimensional (3D) earthwork modeling by furnishing insightful information. An earthwork area is generally represented in a cell-based environment for planning purposes such as allocation plans or equipment plans. However, previous studies utilized conventional methods, which are tedious and time-consuming, to create cell-based representations. Therefore, a method that can be applied to automatically represent earthwork BIM models in a cell-based environment should be developed. To address that research gap, this paper proposes a novel method to develop voxel-based representations of earthwork models. The voxel-based method is parametric, and the size, number, and properties of the voxels can be easily varied. This method, validated for accuracy, rapidly creates a parametric voxel model linked with geotechnical information necessary for earthwork operations. A visual programming tool, Grasshopper, is used to develop an algorithm that can automatically divide the earthwork model into voxels. Finally, experiments are conducted to validate the proposed method using an actual earthwork BIM design. The paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge by proposing a voxel-based earthwork representation and algorithm that automatically create a cell-based 3D environment that is flexible enough to integrate geotechnical parameters. The results indicate that the proposed method will help project engineers, planners, and managers create an optimal-size voxel-based earthwork model with customized geotechnical information.

关键词： Building information modeling Cell-based representation Voxelization visual programming Earthwork modeling

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A Study of Deployable Structures Based on Nature Inspired Curved-Crease Folding

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POLYMERS 2024年第6期16卷 766页

作者： Dutta, Gaurab Sundar Meiners, Dieter Ziegmann, Gerhard Tech Univ Clausthal Inst Polymer Mat & Plast Technol Agricolastr 6 D-38678 Clausthal Zellerfeld Germany

Fascinating 3D shapes arise when a thin planar sheet is folded without stretching, tearing or cutting. The elegance amplifies when the fold/crease is changed from a straight line to a curve, due to the association of plastic deformation via folding and elastic deformation via bending. This results in the curved crease working as a hinge support providing deployability to the surface which is of significant interest in industrial engineering and architectural design. Consequently, finding a stable form of curved crease becomes pivotal in the development of deployable structures. This work proposes a novel way to evaluate such curves by taking inspiration from biomimicry. For this purpose, growth mechanism in plants was observed and an analogous model was developed to create a discrete curve of fold. A parametric model was developed for digital construction of the folded models. Test cases were formulated to compare the behavior of different folded models under various loading conditions. A simplified way to visualize the obtained results is proposed using visual programming tools. The models were further translated into physical prototypes with the aid of 3D printing, hybrid and cured-composite systems, where different mechanisms were adopted to achieve the folds. The prototypes were further tested under constrained boundary and compressive loading conditions, with results validating the analytical model.

关键词： folding curved crease deployable structures biomimicry parametric modeling visual programming 3D printing composite systems

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Optimizing 3D Irregular Object Packing from 3D Scans Using Metaheuristics

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ADVANCED ENGINEERING INFORMATICS 2021年 47卷 101234-101234页

作者： Zhao, Yinghui Rausch, Chris Haas, Carl Univ Waterloo Dept Civil & Environm Engn Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada

For efficient construction-assemblies transportation, volume constrained 3D printing, dry stacking, and facility waste management, a common problem must be solved. It is the practical problem of packing irregular 3D rigid objects into a container with fixed dimensions so that the volume of the final packed objects is minimized. To solve this problem, a methodology is presented that begins with capturing the initial as-is 3D shape data for each object, followed by a metaheuristic-based packing optimization algorithm. This methodology is demonstrated to be effective in two situations with known optimum solutions and in a third situation involving packing of real-life as-is objects. A high-level selection algorithm that is designed to guide the search of possible object subsets, when not all objects can fit into a single predefined container, is discussed as well. Performance is examined for variations, and a preliminary sensitivity analysis is performed. The methodology and its key algorithms are demonstrated to produce effective packing solutions in a mostly automatic manner. Object packing for this class of applications in civil engineering can thus be potentially improved in terms of outcome efficiency and level of planning effort required.

关键词： 3D scanning Optimization Simulated annealing visual programming Meta-heuristics 3D irregular packing problems

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The State of the Art in End-User Software Engineering

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ACM COMPUTING SURVEYS 2011年第3期43卷 21-21页

作者： Ko, Andrew J. Abraham, Robin Beckwith, Laura Blackwell, Alan Burnett, Margaret Erwig, Martin Scaffidi, Chris Lawrance, Joseph Lieberman, Henry Myers, Brad Rosson, Mary Beth Rothermel, Gregg Shaw, Mary Wiedenbeck, Susan Univ Washington Informat Sch Seattle WA 98195 USA Microsoft Corp Redmond WA 98052 USA Univ Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN England Oregon State Univ Corvallis OR 97331 USA MIT Media Lab Cambridge MA USA Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Penn State Univ University Pk PA 16802 USA Univ Nebraska Lincoln NE USA Drexel Univ Philadelphia PA USA

Most programs today are written not by professional software developers, but by people with expertise in other domains working towards goals for which they need computational support. For example, a teacher might write a grading spreadsheet to save time grading, or an interaction designer might use an interface builder to test some user interface design ideas. Although these end-user programmers may not have the same goals as professional developers, they do face many of the same software engineering challenges, including understanding their requirements, as well as making decisions about design, reuse, integration, testing, and debugging. This article summarizes and classifies research on these activities, defining the area of End-User Software Engineering (EUSE) and related terminology. The article then discusses empirical research about end-user software engineering activities and the technologies designed to support them. The article also addresses several crosscutting issues in the design of EUSE tools, including the roles of risk, reward, and domain complexity, and self-efficacy in the design of EUSE tools and the potential of educating users about software engineering principles.

关键词： Reliability Human Factors Languages Experimentation Design End-user software engineering end-user programming end-user development visual programming human-computer interaction

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COMPUTER-GRAPHICS TOOLS FOR THE STUDY OF MINIMAL-SURFACES

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COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM 1988年第6期31卷 648-661页

作者： CALLAHAN, MJ HOFFMAN, D HOFFMAN, JT UNIV MASSACHUSETTS LEDERLE GRAD CTRDEPT MATH & STATAMHERSTMA 01003

Discusses the development of computational and graphical techniques necessary to the solution of mathematical problems. Reasons why mathematicians are interested in computer graphics; Concept of minimal surface; Minim... 详细信息

关键词： computers and mathematics Differential geometry ease of use (graphics systems) mathematical graphics minimal surfaces visual programming visualization tools

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A generative design-based optimization model for multi-objective construction site layout planning

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ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECTURAL MANAGEMENT 2024年

作者： Wefki, Hossam Salah, Mona Elbeltagi, Emad Elsheikh, Asser Khallaf, Rana Port Said Univ Fac Engn Dept Civil Engn Port Said Egypt Mansoura Univ Dept Struct Engn Mansoura Egypt Horus Univ Dept Civil Engn New Damietta Egypt Qassim Univ Coll Engn Dept Civil Engn Buraydah Saudi Arabia RUDN Univ Peoples Friendship Univ Russia Dept Construct Technol & Struct Mat Moscow Russia Future Univ Egypt Struct Engn & Construct Management Dept Cairo Egypt

PurposeGiven the growing interest in modern construction techniques and the emergence of innovative technologies, construction site layout planning research has progressively been investigating approaches to adopt innovative concepts and incorporate renewed approaches to improve widespread efficiency. This research develops a decision-making tool that optimizes construction site layout plans. The developed model targets two main objectives: minimizing material transportation costs and maximizing safety by optimally placing facilities on construction ***/methodology/approachA novel approach is devised based on the integration of Building Information Modeling and Generative Design (BIM-GD). This engine is used to optimize the multi-objective site layout problems to identify layout alternatives in the early project stages. Parametric modeling uses Dynamo to construct the model and explore constraints initially. Finally, the GD environment is utilized to create different design alternatives, and then the decision-making procedure selects the most appropriate design alternative. Additionally, a case study is applied to validate the effectiveness of the developed *** results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed GD tool and its potential for more complex applications. The GD engine examined optimal layout plans, balancing different objectives and adhering to appointed geometric constraints. A case study was conducted to assess the model's effectiveness and showcase its suitability. Construction Site Layout Planning (CSLP) is an essential step in design that can influence considerable aspects, such as material transportation expenses and different safety standards on the site. Employing visual programming for parametric modeling within Dynamo-Revit creates an expedient and user-friendly platform for planning engineers who may require more programming expertise to create and program algorithmic models visually. Utilizing GD in CSLP has proven to

关键词： Construction sites Layout planning Safety Optimization Generative design Transportation cost visual programming Parametric modeling

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Geospatial Analytics Extension for KNIME

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SOFTWAREX 2024年 25卷

作者： Liu, Lingbo Fu, Xiaokang Koetter, Tobias Sturm, Kevin Haubold, Carsten Guan, Weihe Wendy Bao, Shuming Wang, Fahui Harvard Univ Ctr Geog Anal Cambridge MA 02138 USA KNIME GmbH Kortestr 10 D-10967 Berlin Germany China Data Inst Ann Arbor MI 48108 USA Louisiana State Univ Dept Geog & Anthropol Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA

The Geospatial Analytics Extension for KNIME (GAEK) is an innovative tool designed to integrate visual programming with geospatial analytics, streamlining GIS education and research in social sciences. GAEK simplifies access for users with an intuitive, visual interface for complex spatial analysis tasks and contributes to the organization of the GIS Knowledge Tree through its geospatial analytics nodes. This paper discusses GAEK's architecture, functionalities, and its transformative impact on GIS applications. While GAEK significantly enhances user experience and research reproducibility, future updates aim to expand its functionality and optimize its bundled environment.

关键词： Geospatial analytics KNIME analytics platform GIS visual programming Replicability and reproducibility

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