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Automatic Assessment of programming Solutions for Educational Robots Lego Mindstorms EV3 1

11th International Conference on Robotics in Education (RiE)

作者： Puskar, Liljana Krzic, Ana Sovic Univ Zagreb Fac Elect Engn & Comp Zagreb Croatia

ISBN: (数字)9783030674113

ISBN: (纸本)9783030674106;9783030674113

In this paper we present a method for automatic assessment of the correctness of a solution for a task solved in the visual programming language for Lego Mindstorms EV3. The first step in the proposed method is to translate the solution into its textual representation using image pattern matching and optical character recognition. The second step is to grade a textual representation of the solution. The method is tested on 20 students and all solutions are correctly translated into their textual presentations. Since some of the solutions given by the students were incorrect, deeper analysis about the grading is given.

关键词： Template matching Image processing analysis visual programming language Lego mindstorms EV3

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Empirical Testing of Bends in Workflow Diagrams by Eye-Tracking Method 1

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6th Computer Science On-Line Conference (CSOC)

作者： Dobesova, Zdena Palacky Univ Dept Geoinformat Fac Sci 17 Listopadu 50 Olomouc 77900 Czech Republic

ISBN: (数字)9783319571416

ISBN: (纸本)9783319571416

Workflow diagrams consist of nodes and connectors to express the steps of processing in the form of a visual program. The graphical vocabulary and the layout of the diagram have an influence on the user cognition of diagram. The aesthetic aspects also have an impact on users understanding. One aesthetic recommendation - "minimize beds in edge" was tested in workflow diagrams from ArcGIS ModelBuilder. Eye-tracking measuring in the laboratory was prepared for objective empirical testing. Five couples of diagrams with and without orthogonally bends were showed to 26 respondents. The user executed specific tasks above diagrams. Eye-tracking measuring brought interesting objective results. Eye-tracking metrics affirm that diagrams with orthogonal bends on connector lines have an average higher number of fixations, longer length of scanpath, shorter average time of fixation and longer duration time. The result is that the using of straight lines brings effective cognition of workflow diagrams in case of spatial data processing in geographic information system (GIS).

关键词： Workflow Human-Computer Interaction visual programming language Eye-tracking Aesthetic Cognition Geographic information system

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Understanding the relationship between computational thinking and computational participation: a case study from Scratch online community

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ETR&D-EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 2021年第5期69卷 2399-2421页

作者： Jiang, Bo Zhao, Wei Gu, Xiaoqing Yin, Chengjiu East China Normal Univ Shanghai Engn Res Ctr Digital Educ Equipment Dept Educ Informat Technol Shanghai Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Technol Coll Educ Sci & Technol Hangzhou Peoples R China Kobe Univ Informat Sci & Technol Ctr Kobe Hyogo Japan

Social learning theory posits that learning is most effective when providing learners with opportunities to observe and interact with peers. Unfortunately, current K-12 programming education overemphasizes individual learning and discourages learners from observing and interacting with others. The Scratch online community provides youth opportunities to actively participate in the community by allowing them to observe and interact with others. However, it is unclear what motivates learners' active participation in the Scratch online community. With a large-scale database with more than two hundred thousand Scratch projects, this study explored the impact of the computational thinking reflected in Scratch projects on users' participation. We examined Scratch's online users' computational thinking profile via clustering analysis on the projects they created, then studied the influence of computational thinking level reflected in projects on the users' participation through causal analysis. The clustering analysis revealed three clusters of learners, and the advanced learners did not create more projects than others but their projects attract more participation from peers. Our statistic analysis finds a low to moderate strength of correlation between the computational thinking level reflected in projects and their popularity. However, the further causal analysis suggests that the computational thinking level reflected in projects fails to causally affect learners' participation. Our results suggest that instructors should not only attach importance to the development of basic CT skills of youth but also do well to find ways to get youth to participate actively in social interaction activity during the programming process.

关键词： visual programming language Scratch Computational thinking Computational participation Causal inference

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Reflex-in: Generate Music on the Web with Real-time Brain Wave

Reflex-in: Generate Music on the Web with Real-time Brain Wa...

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32nd World Wide Web Conference (WWW)

作者： Ren, Shihong Bufa, Michel Schalk, Gerwin Pottier, Laurent Yu, Yang Shanghai Conservatory Mus SKLMA Shanghai Peoples R China Univ Jean Monnet ECLLA St Etienne France Univ Cote dAzur CNRS INRIA Nice France Tianqiao & Chrissy Chen Inst Menlo Pk CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450394161

Refex-in is a sound installation that uses brain-wave streams to create music composition within the Web environment in real time. The work incorporates various state-of-the-art Web technologies, including Web Audio, WebSocket, WebAssembly, and WebGL. The music generated from the algorithm - mapping brain wave signal to musical events - aims to produce a form of furniture music that is relaxing and meditative, possibly therapeutic. This efect can be further enhanced through binaural beats or other forms of auditory stimulation, also known as "digital drugs," which can be enabled through the user interface. The system represents a potential avenue for the development of closed-loop brain-computer interfaces by using the listener's own brain waves as the source of musical stimuli, which can be used for therapeutic or medical purposes.

关键词： music brain wave web audio visual programming language

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A study to build a new visual programming system: Fixed or contextual menu? 49

A study to build a new Visual Programming system: Fixed or c...

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49th IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)

作者： Felix, Igor Moreira Souza, Lucas Mendes Ferreira, Bernardo Martins Brandao, Leonidas de Oliveira Univ Sao Paulo Inst Matemat & Estat Sao Paulo Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781728117461

visual programming allows students to construct their algorithms using graphical elements, reducing some difficulties usually associated with textual coding, like syntactic errors and countless commands to memorize. There are some visual programming software available, such as iVProg. iVProg is free and open source tool, designed to help the teaching and learning of algorithms, especially in introductory programming courses. The current version is developed with HTML5 technologies, fully portable, with a lot of resources specially the automatic evaluation and its integration into Moodie. This paper presents a comparative study between two different user interface implementations for iVProg: context menu against fixed menu. Each interface have different ways to delivery the resources to users. Moreover, both of them use point-and-click mouse interaction in order to allow the user to develop algorithms. Usability tests were performed with undergraduate students to identify users' awareness concerning their effort and performance while interacting with the system. Students enrolled in a summer introductory programming course were invited to participate of usability tests. The attendees were divided in two groups, one group started using the fixed menu and the other with context menu. In the second session, the groups inverted the utilized interface. The study analyzed different instruments: the mouse log, NASA-TLX workload perception data, also an unstructured interview, that was conducted in order to identify students' perception about their experience with iVProg. When analyzed visually, logs of mouse clicks obtained in the introductory programming course showed that the construction of algebraic and logical expressions required a higher number of interactions in both interface versions. Although students found the fixed menu interface less mental demanding, the overall workload of the fixed menu interface was much higher when compared to the context menu. Moreover,

关键词： iVProg NASA-TLX visual programming language programming teaching Workload Usability

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Using ScratchJr to Foster Young Children's Computational Thinking Competence: A Case Study in a Third-Grade Computer Class

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JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING RESEARCH 2020年第3期58卷 570-595页

作者： Chou, Pao-Nan Natl Univ Tainan Dept Educ 33Sect 2Shu Lin St Tainan Taiwan

This study investigated young children's computational thinking (CT) development by integrating ScratchJr into a programming curriculum. Twelve third graders (six males and six females) voluntarily participated in an experiment-based computer class conducted at a public elementary school in Taiwan. This study adopted a case study methodology to investigate research questions in one specific case (8-week CT educational training). A one-group quasi-experimental pretest and posttest design with the support of qualitative observation was used to examine four research topics: CT competence progress, programming behaviors in a CT framework, factors influencing CT competence, and learning responses to CT training. The quantitative results indicated that students immersing in weekly programming projects significantly improved in terms of their CT competence, which was mostly retained 1 month after completion of the class. The programming behaviors indicated that students' CT concepts (sequence, event, and parallelism) and practice (testing and debugging as well as reusing and remixing) significantly improved. Moreover, parents' active involvement in take-home assignments influenced students' long-term CT competence retention. The qualitative results indicated that students enjoyed using tablet computers to learn ScratchJr programming and demonstrated various leaning behaviors in a three-stage instructional design model.

关键词： computational thinking visual programming language case study learning to program programming behavior coding literacy

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Framework for assigning multiple resources development environment utilizing various sensor devices 16

Framework for assigning multiple resources development envir...

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Conference on Research in Adaptive and Convergent Systems (RACS)

作者： Kang, Kiwook Byeon, Gibeom Jang, Joonhyouk Hong, Jiman Soongsil Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Seoul South Korea Soongsil Univ Sch Comp Sci & Engn Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781450344555

The proliferation of ubiquitous computing has led to the development of various types of sensor devices for human-computer interaction (HCI). However, the availability of developer tools is lacking in comparison with the development of sensor devices. This shortcoming has been partially addressed by the introduction of open source hardware but it is difficult to develop applications using this alone. In this paper, a framework for sensor device application development has been illustrated by using a visual language and interconnections between the PC and target board.

关键词： Open hardware visual programming language Development frameworks

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A visual programming system for defining behavior in simulation models of manufacturing systems

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Annals of Operations Research 1994年第1期53卷 357-389页

作者： Thomasma, Timothy Mao, Youyi Ülgen, Onur M. Industrial and Systems Engineering University of Michigan - Dearborn Dearborn 48128 MI 4901 Evergreen Road United States

A visual programming system is described that allows the modeler full flexibility in defining the behavior of a manufacturing system simulation model. Decision-making behavior of objects in the simulation can be viewed by watching an animation of the system layout, viewing function block diagrams of rules that govern behavior, or noting the progress of an object in carrying out sequences of activities that are pictured as operation networks. Rules, elemental operations and operation networks are structured and associated with particular objects, groups of objects, and locations on the manufacturing system layout. The objective of this system is to reduce the time and expense required to construct and modify models, given that manufacturing system data have been collected. © 1994 J.C. Baltzer AG, Science Publishers.

关键词： control logic elemental operation object-oriented simulation rules visual interactive simulation visual programming language

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Testing of Perceptual Discriminability in Workflow Diagrams by Eye-Tracking Method

Testing of Perceptual Discriminability in Workflow Diagrams ...

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Conference on Computational Methods in Systems and Software (CoMeSySo)

作者： Dobesova, Zdena Palacky Univ Fac Sci Dept Geoinformat 17 Listopadu 50 Olomouc 77900 Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9783319676180

Workflow diagrams are used for the design of steps of the algorithm in spatial processing data in geographic information system (GIS). The colour fills, and various shapes are used for basic symbols in the workflow diagram vocabularies. The Perceptual Discriminability and visual Expressiveness are two basic principles of the theory Physics Notations. This theory revealed the zero visual distance between yellow Built-in Tool symbol and Script Tool symbol (resp. Sub-model symbol) in ArcGIS ModelBuilder. The eye-tracking experiment tested the influence of increasing the visual distance of symbols in workflow diagrams on the user cognition. The visual distance was increased by a change of fill colour for two mentioned symbols. Eye-tracking measuring brought objective results and affirmed that diagrams, where symbols have better perceptual discriminability, have an average lower time of response, lower number of fixations, and shorter length of scanpath. The result is a recommendation for changes of symbols in the visual vocabulary of ModelBuilder that introduce two new symbols for Script Tool and Sub-model.

关键词： Workflow Human-computer interaction visual programming language Colour Shape Eye-tracking Perception

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Experimental Functionality Development for Scratch Mathematical and Statistics Extensions

Experimental Functionality Development for Scratch Mathemati...

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International Computer Symposium (ICS)

作者： Chang, Ching Chang, Chih-Kai Chin, Ya-Lun Natl Univ Tainan Dept Informat & Learning Technol Tainan Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781509034383

Computer science education is to teach students to solve problems, design systems, provoke creativity, and explore their own interest by using basic concepts of computer science. From science to the humanities, mathematics and logical thinking ability also affect every aspect of computer science education. To foster mathematics logical thinking and problem-solving ability in primary and secondary schools, students not only require to learn to read, writing, and arithmetic, but also need to understand the abstraction of mathematics operations and logical thinking processes. Therefore, this study uses visual programming language as a basis, i.e. Scratch 2.0 offline edition, to introduce abstraction of mathematics operations. Scratch 2.0 can empower learners using graphical elements to solve mathematics problems with a smooth learning curve through user-friendly programming interface. However, the latest version of Scratch 2.0 does not include enough functions for abstracting mathematical blocks. Consequently, this study integrates Scratch programming environment with math library of Python language to expand functionality and improve usability of Scratch. Moreover, learners are expected to learn and practice more about mathematical thinking through those additional Scratch building blocks.

关键词： computer science education visual programming language mathematics and logical thinking Scratch extension Python

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