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The users who touched the ceiling of scratch

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 2011年 28卷 764-769页

作者： Elif Tanrikulu Björn Christian Schaefer University of Bremen Bibliotheksstraße Bremen 28359 Germany

The Scratch programming environment is widely known for its high accessibility for novice users, especially children. Recently it has also been adopted in introductory computer science courses in universities where first empirical results show that users with prior programming experience were less satisfied than others. In this paper we analyze this specific aspect by identifying difficulties that experienced programmers had with Scratch during a four-day workshop. The experiences of this particular user group suggest adding some standard integrated development environment features to Scratch. Beyond these results we argue that this obvious route might hide the real problem of discoverability of Scratch's features.

关键词： Scratch visual programming languages usability

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A visual Real-Time programming Language

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1992年第11期25卷 75-79页

作者： K. Bastiaens J.M. Van Campenhout Electronics Laboratory State University of Gent St.-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B-9000 Gent Belgium

Software engineering for real-time applications is known to be a hard problem. For years, many people have been taking different eteps to tackle this problem. One of these steps was the introduction of visual languages. visual languages have the potential to ease programming as they are more expressive than the conventional textual languages (Shu, 1988). In the domain of real time applications, the use of visual languages is mainly restricted to software design languages. Automatic code generators are used to generate a code skeleton, which is filled in with fairly ‘coarse grained’ hand written textual program fragments. In this paper we present a method to extend existing visual design languages to visual programming languages with a much more powerful visual component.

关键词： visual programming languages Software design languages Real time computer systems Software engineering programming languages

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DeepScratch: Scratch programming Language Extension for Deep Learning Education

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED COMPUTER SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS 2020年第7期11卷 642-650页

作者： Alturayeif, Nora Alturaief, Nouf Alhathloul, Zainab King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals Dept Comp Sci Dhahran Saudi Arabia

visual programming languages make programming more accessible for novices, which open more opportunities to innovate and develop problem-solving skills. Besides, deep learning is one of the trending computer science fields that has a profound impact on our daily life, and it is important that young people are aware of how our world works. In this study, we partially attribute the difficulties novices face in building deep learning models to the used programming language. This paper presents DeepScratch, a new programming language extension to Scratch that provides powerful language elements to facilitate building and learning about deep learning models. We present the implementation process of DeepScratch, and explain the syntactical definition and the lexical definition of the extended vocabulary. DeepScratch provides two options to implement deep learning models: training a neural network based on built-in datasets and using pre-trained deep learning models. The two options are provided to serve different age groups and educational levels. The preliminary evaluation shows the usability and the effectiveness of this extension as a tool for kids to learn about deep learning.

关键词： Deep learning visual programming languages programming education formal language definitions neural networks

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Bringing computational thinking to teachers' training: a workshop review 2017

Bringing computational thinking to teachers' training: a wor...

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Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality

作者： Juan Manuel Dodero José Miguel Mota Iván Ruiz-Rube University of Cadiz Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781450353861

In recent years, several visual programming languages and tools are emerging, which allow young students to easily program applications. Particularly, the block-based language used by Scratch has been the standard in most school initiatives to introduce Computational thinking (CT) in courses unrelated to computing. However, CT competences are not specifically included in the curricula of many Higher Education degrees that future teachers of Primary and Secondary Education have to complete. This paper describes a workshop for teachers' training on CT. It is based on the block-based common language of Scratch, but focused on enhancing teachers' skills to develop mobile applications with a tool based on the MIT's AppInventor. This workshop provided some insights on the capabilities of future teachers in the use of programming tools1.

关键词： mobile programming visual programming languages Computational thinking

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Implementing "In-Lab" Autograding for Snap! (Abstract Only) 17

Implementing "In-Lab" Autograding for Snap! (Abstract Only)

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Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education

作者： Michael Ball UC Berkeley Berkeley CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450346986

关键词： snap oral assessment autograding automated feedback assessment visual programming languages labs blocks

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Writing Autograders for Snap! And Integrating them Into Your Course (Abstract Only) 17

Writing Autograders for Snap! And Integrating them Into Your...

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Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education

作者： Michael Ball UC Berkeley Berkeley CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450346986

While text based languages have been (relatively) straightforward to grade automatically, visual programming languages have been largely left out of the equation. However, as the demand for introductory CS courses has recently grown, so too has the interest in CS courses that use visual programming languages, and thus the need for a scalable solution to providing student feedback. The demo will present a system an autograder for Snap!, a visual programming language inspired by Scratch. Our autograder is a hosted solution which would allow other courses to use our tools with little effort. At the most basic level, the autograder contains a database of questions, test cases, and a method for presenting results to students. However, there are additional features for integration through LTI and advanced data *** autograder allows real-time feedback for students, and for instructors to write tests in JavaScript, and eventually Snap! directly. We will show how instructors can write test cases and integrate the tool into their classrooms. We will also demo some data analysis capabilities of our system. This demo should be informative to those working with visual programming languages, including ones other than Snap!. We hope to provide a useful tool, and gain feedback for future iterations of the software.

关键词： autograding blocks programming LTI automated feedback visual programming languages EDX automated assessment assessment Snap!

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ConMan: a visual programming language for interactive graphics 88

ConMan: a visual programming language for interactive graphi...

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Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques

作者： Paul E. Haeberli Silicon Graphics Inc. Mountain View CA

ISBN: (纸本)9780897912754

Traditionally, interactive applications have been difficult to build, modify and extend. These integrated applications provide bounded bounded functionality, have a single thread of control and a fixed user interface that must anticipate everything the user will *** workstations allow several processes to share the screen. With proper communication between processes, it is possible to escape previous models for application development and *** is a high-level visual language we use on an IRIS workstation that lets users dynamically build and modify graphics applications. To do this, a system designer disintegrates complex applications into modular components. By interactively connecting simple components, the user constructs a complete graphics application that matches the needs of a task. A connection manager controls the flow of data between individual components. As a result, we replace the usual user-machine dialog with a dynamic live performance that is orchestrated by the user.

关键词： visual programming languages

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Student Reading Strategies of GIS Workflow Diagrams

Student Reading Strategies of GIS Workflow Diagrams

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The 2016 2nd International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research (ICHSSR 2016)

作者： Zdena Dobesova Department of Geoinformatics Faculty of Science Palacky University

ISBN: (纸本)9781510830011

This paper describes the results of eye-tracking testing of workflow diagrams from Arc GIS Model Builder. The respondents were 26 students of study branch Geoinformatics and Geography at Palacky University. The article describes that the reading patterns could be detected as aggregation from scanpath of respondents. The aggregation of trajectories is better that to explore the individual respondent scanpath separately. The combination of both methods helps to discover the complicated behavior of respondents. Punctually exploring of eye tracking outputs brought evidence that the student reading strategies are influenced by the arrangement of workflow diagrams, especially by the orientation. The main orientation of diagram determines the main reading flow. In fact, the respondents do not start reading at the starting graphical elements and also the flow of reading ends earlier than the end of the diagram is. In the case of more branches of the diagram, the top(or left) branch is read more carefully than the second branch of the diagram.

关键词： education eye-tracking workflow GIS visual programming languages ArcGIS

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Using graph grammar to implement global layout for a visual programming language generation system 01

Using graph grammar to implement global layout for a visual ...

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Pan-Sydney Area Workshop on visual Information Processing

作者： Ke-Bing Zhang Kang Zhang Mehmet A. Orgun Department of Computing ICS Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia Department of Computer Science University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX

VisPro is a general-purpose visual language generation system based on Reserved Graph Grammar (RGG). It can express a wide range of diagrammatic visual programming languages (VPLs). This paper presents a global layout... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)0909925895

VisPro is a general-purpose visual language generation system based on Reserved Graph Grammar (RGG). It can express a wide range of diagrammatic visual programming languages (VPLs). This paper presents a global layout approach used in the VisPro system. Our approach is grammar-based graph drawing, in which layout rules are embedded in the productions of RGG. Thus, the RGG formalism serves both the visual language grammar and the layout grammar. This approach is appropriate and feasible enough for graph drawing in the area of visual programming languages based on reserved graph grammars.

关键词： language generation system syntax visual programming languages layouts Line graph visual programming suction

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VXT: a visual approach to XML transformations 01

VXT: a visual approach to XML transformations

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Proceedings of the 2001 ACM Symposium on Document engineering

作者： Emmanuel Pietriga Jean-Yves Vion-Dury Vincent Quint Xerox Research Centre Europe Meylan France INRIA Rhône-Alpes Saint Ismier France

ISBN: (纸本)9781581134322

The domain of XML transformations is becoming more and more important as a result of the increasing number of applications adopting XML as their format for data exchange or representation. Most of the existing solutions for expressing XML transformations are textual languages, such as XSLT or DOM combined with a general-purpose programming language. Several tools build on top of these languages, providing a graphical environment. Transformations are however still specified in a textual way using the underlying language (often XSLT), thus requiring the user to learn the associated textual *** believe that visual programming techniques are well-suited to representing XML structures and make the specification of transformations simpler. We present a visual programming language for the specification of XML transformations in an interactive environment, based on a zoomable user interface toolkit. Transformations can be run from the application or exported to two target languages: XSLT and Circus, a general-purpose structure transformation language designed by the second author and briefly introduced in this paper.

关键词： XML transformations visual programming languages zoomable user interfaces circus XSLT

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