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17th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices (SSD)

作者： Eleuch, Salma Khouja, Nadia Erseghe, Tomaso Tlili, Fethi Univ Padua SupCom Tunis Tunisia SupCom Grescom Lab Tunis Tunisia Univ Padua Padua Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781728110806

During the last decade, visual monitoring has gained an increasing interest especially in the field of smart cities and intelligent transportation systems. This paper describes a feature-based vehicle tracking system in visual sensor networks at roundabouts. In the proposed system, the tasks for vehicle tracking are divided among smart camera nodes and the receiver. Smart camera nodes are embedded devices equipped with camera sensor, multiprocessors for video processing and computer vision tasks, and an RF transceiver for wireless communication. They are responsible for the vehicle detection and classification as well as features extraction. In order to satisfy the constraints of the visual sensor network in terms of power and communication resources, we assume that only the features are transmitted to the sink node. The received features will then be used to retrieve the vehicle trajectories. In order to train the vehicle classifier used at the camera nodes and to test the proposed tracking approach, a training database was built by placing cameras around a realworld roundabout. The system is shown to be capable of tracking vehicles even in partial occlusion cases.

关键词： Features intelligent transportation systems roundabout vehicle tracking visual sensor network

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A novel hybrid image fusion method based on integer lifting wavelet and discrete cosine transformer for visual sensor networks

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2019年第8期78卷 10865-10887页

作者： Latreche, Boubakeur Saadi, Slami Kious, Mecheri Benziane, Ali Amar Telidji Univ Laghouat Semicond & Funct Mat Lab BP 37G Laghouat Algeria Ziane Achour Univ Djelfa Fac Exact Sci & Informat Djelfa Algeria

In recent years, multimedia data is most used in the world such as image, audio, video and text. For reducing the great amount of generated data and for obtaining the better sensing performance, several researches have been focused on multimedia data fusion (MDF). The main objective of image fusion techniques in the visual sensor networks (VSNs) is to combine multiple images of the same scene captured by different cameras and with various focused regions into a single informative image. In this paper, we propose an efficient hybrid image fusion method which is suitable for VSNs based on the integer lifting wavelet transform (ILWT) and the discrete cosine transformer (DCT). The suggested fusion algorithm consists of two steps. Firstly, the approximate coefficients (low frequencies) generated by the ILWT are fused by selecting the variance as an activity level measure in the DCT domain. Secondly, the detail coefficients (high frequencies) are fused by taking the optimum weighted average based on the correlation between coefficients in ILWT domain. Due to the integer operations in ILWT domain, the proposed method overcomes the loss of information, computational complexity, time and energy consumption and memory space. Extensive experiments are performed to demonstrate the outperforming of the proposed method compared qualitatively and quantitatively with some literature image fusion techniques.

关键词： Image fusion visual sensor network Integer lifting wavelet transform Discrete cosine transformer

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Energy-efficient face detection and recognition scheme for wireless visual sensor networks

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APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING 2020年第0期89卷 106014-000页

作者： Zam, Abdulaziz Khayyambashi, Mohammad Reza Bohlooli, Ali Univ Isfahan Fac Comp Engn Hezar Jerib Ave Esfahan *** Iran

Energy-efficient and robust face detection and recognition scheme can be useful for many application fields such as security and surveillance in multimedia and visual sensor network (VSN). VSN consists of wireless resources-constrained nodes that are equipped with low-energy CMOS cameras for monitoring. On the one hand, captured images are meaningful multimedia-data that impose high energy consumption to be processed and transmitted. On the other hand, visual sensor (VS) is a battery-powered node with limited life-time. This situation leads to a trade-off between detection-accuracy and power-consumption. This trade-off is considered as the most major challenge for applications using multimedia data in wireless environments such as VSN. For optimizing this trade-off, a novel face detection and recognition scheme has been proposed in this paper based on VSN. In this scheme, detection phase is performed at VS and recognition phase is accomplished at the base station (sink). The contributions of this paper are in three folds: 1. Fast and energy-aware face-detection algorithm is proposed based on omitting non-human blobs and feature-based face detection in the considered human-blobs. 2. A novel energy-aware and secure algorithm for extracting light-weight discriminative vector of detected face-sequence to be sent to sink with low transmission-cost and high security level. 3. An efficient face recognition algorithm has been performed on the received vectors at the sink. The performance of our proposed scheme has been evaluated in terms of energy-consumption, detection and recognition accuracy. Experimental results, performed on standard datasets (FERET, Yale and CDnet) and on personal datasets, demonstrate the superiority of our scheme over the recent state-of-the-art methods. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： visual sensor network Detection-accuracy and energy-consumption trade-off Energy efficient face detection Distinctive vector Face recognition

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Application of Radar Solutions for the Purpose of Bird Tracking Systems Based on Video Observation

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sensorS 2022年第10期22卷 3660-3660页

作者： Krenc, Ksawery Gradolewski, Dawid Dziak, Damian Kawalec, Adam Bioseco SA Budowlanych 68 PL-80298 Gdansk Poland Mil Univ Technol Fac Mechatron Armament & Aerosp Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2 PL-00908 Warsaw Poland

Wildlife Hazard Management is nowadays a very serious problem, mostly at airports and wind farms. If ignored, it may lead to repercussions in human safety, ecology, and economics. One of the approaches that is widely implemented in small and medium-size airports, as well as on wind turbines is based on a stereo-vision. However, to provide long-term observations allowing the determination of the hot spots of birds' activity and forecast future events, a robust tracking algorithm is required. The aim of this paper is to review tracking algorithms widely used in Radar Science and assess the possibilities of application of these algorithms for the purpose of tracking birds with a stereo-vision system. We performed a survey-of-related works and simulations determined five state-of-the art algorithms: Kalman Filter, Nearest-Neighbour, Joint-Probabilistic Data Association, and Interacting Multiple Model with the potential for implementation in a stereo-vision system. These algorithms have been implemented and simulated in the proposed case study

关键词： bird tracking tracking algorithms camera detection visual sensor network wildlife hazard management stereo-vision

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Saliency-based bit plane detection for network applications

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2020年第25-26期79卷 18495-18513页

作者： Kaljahi, Maryam Asadzadeh Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote Hakak, Saqib Idris, Mohd Yamani Idna Anisi, Mohammad Hossein Rajan, Deepu Univ Malaya Fac Comp Sci & Informat Technol Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Univ Northern British Columbia Fac Comp Sci Prince George BC Canada Univ Essex Sch Comp Sci & Elect Engn Colchester CO4 3SQ Essex England Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Comp Sci & Engn Singapore Singapore

Transmitting image data without losing significant information is challenging for any network application especially when large color images are transmitted through TCP communication protocol. This is due to network limitations such as buffer overflow, underflow and network traffic flow etc. This paper presents a new method for image size reduction such that the network can transmit data without much loss of information, and hence, quality. The proposed method obtains bit planes for the color input images, which results in eight binary planes. Unlike the existing bit plane based image size reduction methods, which assume that the most significant plane or some other planes contain useful information, the proposed method finds the plane that contains dominant information automatically. For each plane, the proposed method explores the saliency that finds dominant information based on Markov Chain Process and similarity estimation between neighbor pixels. To reduce computational burden, we use Canny edge maps of the saliency of the planes for feature extraction. We propose to explore ring-growing concept for the edge maps to study the spatial distribution of saliency, locally. The proposed method detects the plane based on statistics of saliency distribution. To validate the step of plane detection, we estimate transmission error caused during data transmission through TCP communication protocol for the images at sending and receiving ends. Experimental results on plane detection show that the proposed method is better than the existing methods in terms of detection rate. Our experiments on image transmission through TCP communication protocol show that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods in terms of error estimation and quality analysis. Furthermore, experiments are conducted to analyze packet loss in terms of number of duplicate acknowledgements and retransmission during packets transmission for the color, edge and plane to show that transmitting pla

关键词： Bit plane detection Canny edge image Saliency map Markov chain process visual sensor network TCP protocol

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Towards a visual sensor network Built from Smartphones

Towards a Visual Sensor Network Built from Smartphones

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Eastern European Regional Conference on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems

作者： Kristóf Csorba Dávid Szalóki Norbert Koszó Department of Automation and Applied Informatics Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9781479908530

With the developments of the last years, smartphones became suitable to be used as smart cameras in a visual sensor network. They have the necessary cameras with an acceptable quality of lenses and CCD, the required processing power, and WiFi or Bluetooth interfaces for communication. This paper describes the architecture of the SMEyeL (Smart Mobile Eyes for Localization) system. It is designed to utilize both smartphones and PC-s as processing nodes of a visual sensor network. It aims to achieve high spatial and temporal resolution, energy consumption optimization via computation offloading and distributed processing. The SMEyeL project is open source: sourcecode and measurement data sets are available on the web. We present the detailed description of the architecture and exprimental results related to timing accuracy and localization precision.

关键词： smartphone visual sensor network motion tracking computer vision distributed processing

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A Runway Safety System Based on Vertically Oriented Stereovision

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sensorS 2021年第4期21卷 1464-1464页

作者： Gradolewski, Dawid Dziak, Damian Kaniecki, Damian Jaworski, Adam Skakuj, Michal Kulesza, Wlodek J. Bioseco Sp Zoo Budowlanych 68 PL-80298 Gdansk Poland Blekinge Inst Technol Dept Math & Nat Sci S-37179 Karlskrona Sweden Ekoaviation Ul Piecewska 30B-16 PL-80288 Gdansk Poland

In 2020, over 10,000 bird strikes were reported in the USA, with average repair costs exceeding $200 million annually, rising to $1.2 billion worldwide. These collisions of avifauna with airplanes pose a significant threat to human safety and wildlife. This article presents a system dedicated to monitoring the space over an airport and is used to localize and identify moving objects. The solution is a stereovision based real-time bird protection system, which uses IoT and distributed computing concepts together with advanced HMI to provide the setup's flexibility and usability. To create a high degree of customization, a modified stereovision system with freely oriented optical axes is proposed. To provide a market tailored solution affordable for small and medium size airports, a user-driven design methodology is used. The mathematical model is implemented and optimized in MATLAB. The implemented system prototype is verified in a real environment. The quantitative validation of the system performance is carried out using fixed-wing drones with GPS recorders. The results obtained prove the system's high efficiency for detection and size classification in real-time, as well as a high degree of localization certainty.

关键词： bird monitoring bird strike distributed computing runway safety localization Internet of Things environmental sustainability monitoring of avifauna safety system stereovision visual sensor network

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Enhancing lifetime of visual sensor networks with a preprocessing-based multi-face detection method

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WIRELESS networkS 2018年第6期24卷 1939-1951页

作者： Aghdasi, Hadi S. Yousefi, Shamim Univ Tabriz Comp Engn Dept Fac Elect & Comp Engn Tabriz *** Iran

Recently, advances in hardware such as CMOS camera nodes have led to the development of visual sensor networks (VSNs) that process sensed data and transmit the useful information to the base station for completing subsequent tasks. Today, object detection and sending useful information to the base station for object recognition is emerged as an important challenging issue in VSNs. Our investigations show that the face's information is adequate for completing object recognition. According to literature, many approaches have been proposed for object detection and sending useful information to the base station to be completed subsequent tasks like object recognition. However, in most of them, lack of preprocessing methods in camera nodes causes network to be faced with large volume of data. For example when there is more than one object within the each camera node filed-of-view, conventional works deliver empty spaces among objects to the base station. Also, most of them send whole information about each object to the base station, while sending only face's information of each object is adequate for completing object recognition. Therefore, in this paper, a preprocessing method in camera nodes named Preprocessing-based Multi-Face Detection (PMFD) is proposed. Our method works based on the extracting bounding box of each object's face, using Boosting-based face detection algorithm, and sending only the faces' information to the base station. The simulation results show that PMFD method has acceptable preprocessing time complexity and injects low volume of traffic into the network. Consequently, PMFD method prolongs the network lifetime in comparison with state-of-the-art algorithms.

关键词： visual sensor network Prolonging network lifetime Preprocessing-based multi-face detection Object's bounding box Light-weight face detection algorithm

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Coverage Overlaps Reduction with Delaunay Triangulation for visual sensor networks

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JOURNAL OF INTERNET TECHNOLOGY 2019年第3期20卷 809-816页

作者： Zhang, Shun-Miao Huang, De-Gen Dalian Univ Technol Sch Comp Sci & Technol Dalian Peoples R China Fujian Univ Technol Fujian Prov Key Lab Big Data Min & Applicat Fuzhou Fujian Peoples R China Fujian Univ Technol Coll Informat Sci & Engn Fuzhou Fujian Peoples R China

A visual sensor network (VSN) employs visual (camera) sensors instead of scalar sensors to establish the wireless network for wide area monitoring and target tracking. The visual sensing coverage of a VSN is quite related to the sensing direction and sensing angle of each camera sensors in the network. Many research issues of VSNs are similar but much different from the ones of ordinary scalar sensor networks, and the visual coverage issue is more specific. In the past years, a great number of research literatures have been proposed to address the coverage issues for ordinary scalar sensor networks. A part of the existing approaches use geometric structure concepts in the researches. However, utilizing geometric structures to solve visual sensing coverage has not drawn much attention of researches. This study, therefore, utilizes a geometric structure of Delaunay Triangulation with its characteristics to improve overall visual coverage of a sensing field for VSNs. The results of evaluation with simulations show the proposed approach performs very well and obtains a significant visual coverage improvement for VSNs. This could be a reference basis for further studies.

关键词： visual sensor network visual coverage Delaunay triangulation Geometry

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Maximizing heterogeneous coverage in over and under provisioned visual sensor networks

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JOURNAL OF network AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS 2018年第Dec.期124卷 44-62页

作者： Al Zishan, Abdullah Karim, Imtiaz Shubha, Sudipta Saha Rahman, Ashikur Bangladesh Univ Engn & Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn CSE Dhaka Bangladesh

We address "heterogeneous coverage" in visual sensor networks where coverage requirements of some randomly deployed targets vary from target to target. The main objective is to maximize the coverage of all the targets to achieve their respective coverage requirement by activating minimal sensors. The problem can be viewed as an interesting variation of the classical Max-Min problem (i.e., Maximum Coverage with Minimum sensors (MCMS)). Therefore, we study the existing Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation for single and k-coverage MCMS problem in the state-of-the-art and modify them to solve the heterogeneous coverage problem. We also propose a novel Integer Quadratic Programming (IQP) formulation that minimizes the Euclidean distance between the achieved and the required coverage vectors. Both ILP and IQP give exact solution when the problem is solvable but as they are non-scalable due to their computational complexity, we devise a sensor Oriented Greedy Algorithm (SOGA) that approximates the formulations. For under-provisioned networks where there exist insufficient number of sensors to meet the coverage requirements, we propose prioritized IQP and reduced-variance IQP formulations to capture prioritized and group wise balanced coverage respectively. Moreover, we develop greedy heuristics to tackle under provisioned networks. Extensive evaluations based on simulation illustrate the efficiency and efficacy of the proposed formulations and heuristics under various network settings. Additionally, we compare our methodologies and algorithm with two state-of-the-art algorithms available for target coverage and show that our methodologies and algorithm substantially outperform both the algorithms.

关键词： Directional sensors Heterogeneous coverage Integer linear programming Integer quadratic programming visual sensor network

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