This paper describes a new model of camera networks that can be used for environment monitoring and understanding. Such networks can be composed of both smart cameras, which benefit from high resolutions, powerful pro...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450347860
This paper describes a new model of camera networks that can be used for environment monitoring and understanding. Such networks can be composed of both smart cameras, which benefit from high resolutions, powerful processing capabilities and strategic viewpoints on the environment, or with what we may call silly cameras, defined by much lower specifications. In this paper, we will demonstrate how our approach can reach efficient high-level understanding in spite of the limited information provided by each silly camera. We thus introduce the Ant-Cam model, inspired from the world of ants, which are able to solve complex problems by communicating despite their limited capabilities. The main idea is that data exchanged between the cameras is as important as the information extracted locally. Fully exploiting the cameras interactions without prior knowledge about the network configuration (e.g. camera location), the system is able to learn regularities and then infer from distributed sequences of events, passed between Ant-Cams. Once the system reaches a steady state, useful information can be inferred, such as the most used path or if space covering is sufficient.
Parking has become an evident road traffic problem arising from the increase in the use of cars. To solve the continuous waste of time and energy in search of parking lots in the country, we have developed a visual sm...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538606070
Parking has become an evident road traffic problem arising from the increase in the use of cars. To solve the continuous waste of time and energy in search of parking lots in the country, we have developed a visual smart parking monitoring system for open-space parking lots. The system comprises of wireless sensor nodes equipped with cameras that monitor the status of each parking space in a parking lot. Each node is capable of running a parking lot occupancy algorithm to check for occupancies. Finally, the results are sent to a central controller connected to the internet, which will then be disseminated through a GUI made for both web and mobile platforms. The system was proven to have a potential for robustness, energy-efficiency, and further improvement.
Organizations that are constantly hiring new employees may run out of office space. Also, it is expensive to furnish and open new offices. Shared office space provides a cost-effective solution for big companies and s...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450347860
Organizations that are constantly hiring new employees may run out of office space. Also, it is expensive to furnish and open new offices. Shared office space provides a cost-effective solution for big companies and startups. The main focus of our research is on understanding behavior patterns in work environments to increase workers' comfort and productivity. Specifically, the goal of this work is to detect habitual patterns of absence from a duty or obligation in order to provide a more efficient use of office space. In this paper, we propose to use a network of cheap low-resolution visualsensors (30 x 30 pixels) for long-term absenteeism detection of multiple persons in a work environment. Firstly, the users' locations are obtained from a robust people tracker based on recursive maximum likelihood principles. Secondly, based on the users' mobility tracks, an occupancy map with the hotspot locations is detected. Finally, we propose an algorithm for detecting the absence patterns of each person. We evaluate our method on video sequences captured in a real work environment, where the persons' daily routines are recorded over five months. The results show that our approach of detecting the absence patterns achieves an accuracy of 97.70% in comparison to ground truth.
Over the last years, the rapid growth of distributed smart cameras has triggered the search for new approaches of smartness of cameras to have better results. As communication among camera entities is becoming more an...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450354875
Over the last years, the rapid growth of distributed smart cameras has triggered the search for new approaches of smartness of cameras to have better results. As communication among camera entities is becoming more and more complex and new ways of modeling communication have been proposed. These new ways have been taking inspiration from different fields such as socio-economic approach or game theory. Moreover, one of the major problems of the camera network is re-identification. However, in most cases, the interaction between cameras presupposes that the latter are able to perform perfect arid unambiguous detections, thus limiting the decision tasks to the Markovian model. Within this paper, we present a new approach of interaction between cameras based on a non-Markovian model. To resolve this issue, we can exploit other types of information rather than visual information to improve re-identification. This information is Spatial, visual and Temporal (SVT). Temporal information holds the time needed to go from one camera to another, while spatial information contains the path followed by the target which is a key point for the decision-making process. This offers the possibility for the network to learn regularities and then reach a steady state.
In 2020, over 10,000 bird strikes were reported in the USA, with average repair costs exceeding $200 million annually, rising to $1.2 billion worldwide. These collisions of avifauna with airplanes pose a significant t...
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In 2020, over 10,000 bird strikes were reported in the USA, with average repair costs exceeding $200 million annually, rising to $1.2 billion worldwide. These collisions of avifauna with airplanes pose a significant threat to human safety and wildlife. This article presents a system dedicated to monitoring the space over an airport and is used to localize and identify moving objects. The solution is a stereovision based real-time bird protection system, which uses IoT and distributed computing concepts together with advanced HMI to provide the setup's flexibility and usability. To create a high degree of customization, a modified stereovision system with freely oriented optical axes is proposed. To provide a market tailored solution affordable for small and medium size airports, a user-driven design methodology is used. The mathematical model is implemented and optimized in MATLAB. The implemented system prototype is verified in a real environment. The quantitative validation of the system performance is carried out using fixed-wing drones with GPS recorders. The results obtained prove the system's high efficiency for detection and size classification in real-time, as well as a high degree of localization certainty.
Wildlife Hazard Management is nowadays a very serious problem, mostly at airports and wind farms. If ignored, it may lead to repercussions in human safety, ecology, and economics. One of the approaches that is widely ...
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Wildlife Hazard Management is nowadays a very serious problem, mostly at airports and wind farms. If ignored, it may lead to repercussions in human safety, ecology, and economics. One of the approaches that is widely implemented in small and medium-size airports, as well as on wind turbines is based on a stereo-vision. However, to provide long-term observations allowing the determination of the hot spots of birds' activity and forecast future events, a robust tracking algorithm is required. The aim of this paper is to review tracking algorithms widely used in Radar Science and assess the possibilities of application of these algorithms for the purpose of tracking birds with a stereo-vision system. We performed a survey-of-related works and simulations determined five state-of-the art algorithms: Kalman Filter, Nearest-Neighbour, Joint-Probabilistic Data Association, and Interacting Multiple Model with the potential for implementation in a stereo-vision system. These algorithms have been implemented and simulated in the proposed case study
This paper presents an innovative concept for a distributed system that combines a smart camera network with semantic reasoning. The proposed system is context sensitive and combines the information extracted by the s...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450347860
This paper presents an innovative concept for a distributed system that combines a smart camera network with semantic reasoning. The proposed system is context sensitive and combines the information extracted by the smart camera with logic rules and knowledge of what the camera observes, building information and events that may occurred. The proposed system is a justification for the use of smart cameras, and it can improve the classical visual sensor networks (VSN) and enhance the standard computer vision approach. The main application of our system is smart building management, where we specifically focus on increasing the services of the building users.
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