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EVALUATION OF ADAPTIVE SPATIAL ENHANCEMENT IN SUPRATHRESHOLD visual-FIELD SCREENING

OPHTHALMOLOGY 1988年第12期95卷 1656-1662页

作者： ASMAN, P BRITT, JM MILLS, RP HEIJL, A UNIV LUND DEPT OPHTHALMOLS-21401 MALMOSWEDEN UNIV WASHINGTON DEPT OPHTHALMOLRJ-10SEATTLEWA 98195

Sixty-three normal subjects and 94 abnormal patients, most of whom had glaucoma, were tested in the central visual field using a threshold-related, eccentricity-compensated, spatially adaptive suprathreshold screening program and a full-threshold program on the Humphrey field analyzer. The initial stimulus locations on the screening test were identical to those of the threshold test; additional screening stimuli were presented surrounding each missed initial stimulus. Surprisingly, this spatial enhancement strategy did not improve sensitivity or specificity rates of the screening beyond that achieved by considering the initial stimulus locations alone. Points missed during screening often showed a depressed sensitivity rate (measured threshold >6 dB below the age-corrected normal reference value) in the same area of the threshold field. This was true in fields from abnormal and normal subjects. This finding of persistent shallow defects in the same test session among otherwise normal persons has disturbing implications for the importance of “confirmed” defects in the diagnosis of disease.

关键词： automated perimetry glaucoma perimetry screening visual fields visual functions

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Dynamic Vision of Sportsmen with Different Requirement Profiles for the visual Apparatus

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KLINISCHE MONATSBLATTER FUR AUGENHEILKUNDE 2011年第12期228卷 1103-1107页

作者： Lueder, A. Andexer, V. Witte, K. Boeckelmann, I. Otto Von Guericke Univ Fak Med Bereich Arbeitsmed D-39120 Magdeburg Germany Otto Von Guericke Univ Fak Geistes Sozial & Erziehungswissenschaften Inst Sportwissensch D-39120 Magdeburg Germany

Aim of Study: In particular, in the quick ball and racket games a good dynamic seeing is required [12]. The afferent dynamic seeing occurs via the retiina which mediates the stimuli for efferent dynamic seeing [6, 12, 14]. The aim of this study was to examine the dynamic visual acuity of sportsmen from sports with different demands on their dynamic seeing (DS). Methods: 19 sports students took part in the study. 10 subjects participated in coached team sports (group I) and 9 remaining performed individual sports (group II). The DS was assessed by means of the Dusseldorfer test for dynamic seeing of Wist [22] which was performed twice on one day. Results: The DS of the two groups in the first study did not differ (right eye 95.7 +/- 10.6% in group I vs. 94.3 +/- 6.9% in group II and left eye 97.6 +/- 4.8% vs. 95.3 +/- 5.6%;p >= 0.05). Also the second study there was no different in DS for the two groups (right eye 98.3 +/- 2.6% vs. 93.8 +/- 8.0% and left eye 99.3 +/- 1.2% vs. 95.6 +/- 7.0%;p >= 0.05). Discussion: Our hypothesis about a different DS in players of ball games compared with non-ball sport players could not be proved. It is to be critically noted that a generalization is not possible due to the small sample numbers. Because DS is a necessary precondition in ball games further studies should be concentrated on its trainability.

关键词： dynamic vision visual functions sportsman visual requirement profile

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INTERNATIONAL HEALTH 2018年第6期10卷 517-523页

作者： Kausar, Ayisha Ali, Mahmood Masud, Haleema Akhtar, Farah Shifa Tameer E Millat Univ Shifa Int Hosp Islamabad Pakistan Al Shifa Trust Eye Hosp Rawalpindi Pakistan Al Shifa Sch Publ Hlth Dept Publ Hlth Rawalpindi Pakistan Univ Warwick Warwick Med Sch Coventry CV4 7AL W Midlands England Al Shifa Trust Eye Hosp Dept Glaucoma Rawalpindi Pakistan

Background: The aim of this study was to report the vision-related quality of life (QoL) in Pakistani subjects with early or moderate glaucoma. Methods: This case control study was conducted at Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Pakistan, from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2015. All the patients having early or moderate glaucoma, with a disease duration of at least 6 mo, and presenting during the study period, were included. Subjects in the control group were recruited from the hospital volunteer staff, spouses and friends of patients. QoL assessment was done using the NEIVFQ25 questionnaire translated into the Urdu language. A two-tailed t-test was used to test the significance of difference between the mean QoL scores and a p-value of <= 0.05 was considered significant. Multiple linear regression was carried out to assess the predictors of QoL scores. Results: A total of 698 participants were enrolled, including 247 cases and 451 controls. The mean QoL score was higher in controls 81.31 (mean=81.31, SD=26.33) than in cases (mean=53.89, SD=30.32), p<0.001. The lowest NEIVFQ-25 scores for glaucoma patients were for mental health (mean=23.88, SD=28.80) followed by general vision (mean=27.73, SD=29.74). The difference in all the mean subscale scores of two groups was statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: QoL scores are significantly reduced in Pakistani glaucoma patients with early and moderate glaucoma, with more pronounced effect on mental health and general vision.

关键词： Glaucoma quality of life visual functions

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visual OUTCOME OF LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS (1500-2500 G) AT ONE-YEAR OF CORRECTED AGE

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ACTA PAEDIATRICA 1994年第4期83卷 402-407页

作者： HERMANS, AJM VANHOFVANDUIN, J OUDESLUYSMURPHY, AM ERASMUS UNIV ROTTERDAM DEPT PHYSIOL 13000 DR ROTTERDAMNETHERLANDS ZUIDERZIEKENHUIS DEPT PAEDIATROTTERDAMNETHERLANDS

visual functions (grating acuity, visual field size, optokinetic nystagmus and eye alignment) were tested as part of a longitudinal study in 96 low-birth-weight infants (birth weight 1500-2500 g) at one year of corrected age. Except for optokinetic nystagmus, deficit rates of all visual functions were low, and the obtained values comparable with normal age values in full-term infants. Effects of gestational duration, birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation on visual functions could not be demonstrated. Some perinatal risk factors (mechanical ventilation, oxygen treatment for more than one day, the presence of maternal hypertensive disorders) and a less-optimal neurodevelopmental status at one year had a negligible effect on visual field size. The observed deficits are not likely to cause disability. Low-birth-weight infants appeared not to be at risk for developing visual deficits at one year of corrected age.

关键词： INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS OUTCOME PERINATAL RISK FACTORS visual functions

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visual-ACUITY AND visual-FIELD DEVELOPMENT AFTER CRYOCOAGULATION IN INFANTS WITH RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY

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ACTA PAEDIATRICA 1992年第1期81卷 25-28页

作者： FETTER, WPF VANHOFVANDUIN, J BAERTS, W HEERSEMA, DJ DEBLECOURTDEVILEE, MW ERASMUS UNIV DEPT PEDIAT3000 DR ROTTERDAMNETHERLANDS ERASMUS UNIV DEPT PHYSIOL3000 DR ROTTERDAMNETHERLANDS ERASMUS UNIV DEPT OPHTHALMOL3000 DR ROTTERDAMNETHERLANDS UNIV HOSP ROTTERDAM SOPHIA CHILDRENS HOSPROTTERDAMNETHERLANDS

visual development was studied in 10 very-low-birth-weight infants (less than 1500 g) with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) stage 3+ who had been treated with cryocoagulation in both eyes. Binocular visual acuity (acuity cards method) and binocular visual fields (kinetic perimetry) were assessed repeatedly in the first year of life. At 12 months corrected age, visual acuity was normal in seven and impaired in three infants, who appeared to be severely myopic. Normal visual fields were found in eight infants at this age. The results indicate that cryotherapy in cases of ROP stage 3+ does not interfere with visual acuity development. The effect on visual field development needs further investigation.

关键词： cryocoagulation retinopathy of prematurity very-low-birth-weight infants visual functions

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Assessment of functional vision and its rehabilitation

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ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA 2010年第2期88卷 163-173页

作者： Colenbrander, August Smith Kettlewell Eye Res Inst San Francisco CA 94115 USA

This article, based on a report prepared for the International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO) and the International Society for Low Vision Research and Rehabilitation (ISLRR), explores the assessment of various aspects of visual functioning as needed to document the outcomes of vision rehabilitation. Documenting patient abilities and functional vision (how the person functions) is distinct from the measurement of visual functions (how the eye functions) and also from the assessment of quality of life. All three areas are important, but their assessment should not be mixed. Observation of task performance offers the most objective measure of functional vision, but it is time-consuming and not feasible for many tasks. Where possible, timing and error rates provide an easy score. Patient response questionnaires provide an alternative. They may save time and can cover a wider area, but the responses are subjective and proper scoring presents problems. Simple Likert scoring still predominates but Rasch analysis, needed to provide better result scales, is gaining ground. Selection of questions is another problem. If the range of difficulties does not match the range of patient abilities, and if the difficulties are not distributed evenly, the results are not optimal. This may be an argument to use different outcome questions for different conditions. Generic questionnaires are appropriate for the assessment of generic quality of life, but not for specific rehabilitation outcomes. Different questionnaires are also needed for screening, intake and outcomes. Intake questions must be relevant to actual needs to allow prioritization of rehabilitation goals;the activity inventory presents a prototype. Outcome questions should be targeted at predefined rehabilitation goals. The Appendix cites some promising examples. The Low Vision Intervention Trial (LOVIT) is an example of a properly designed randomized control study, and has demonstrated the remarkable effectiveness of vision

关键词： Activities of Daily Living assessment methods functional vision quality of life questionaires task performance visual functions visual abilities vision rehabilitation

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14th Annual Meeting of the Safety Pharmacology Society: threading through scientific sessions for originality and novelty

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EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG SAFETY 2015年第6期14卷 999-1008页

作者： Cavero, Icilio 154 rue de la Glacière 75013 Paris France +33 1 43 37 58 97 iciliocavero@***

Introduction: The Annual Meeting of the Safety Pharmacology (SP) Society is a yearly event designed to keep attendees abreast of how to best identify and mitigate organ function liabilities of candidate drugs selected for clinical assessment. Areas covered: Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) effects of candidate drugs in dogs/monkeys have satisfactory human translation. Mechanism-designed assays offer opportunities for innovative approaches to identify chemotherapeutic-induced peripheral neuropathy (PN). SP has a large array of methodologies to determine safety on eye functions. Video-tracking analysis of zebrafish swimming behavior accurately profiles drugs for high-level brain function liabilities. Available in vitro and in vivo assays can identify, and determine physiological and pharmacological mechanisms of, candidate drug-induced emesis. Ad hoc Working Groups have already finalized protocols for testing the comprehensive in vitro arrhythmia assay (CiPA), an innovative paradigm for assessing mechanisms conferring candidate drug proarrhythmic liabilities. Expert opinion: The good concordance of non-clinical and clinical Phase I BP and HR effects of candidate drugs support the use of dog/monkey models for clinical outcome. Drug liabilities (e.g., PN, nausea, vomiting, etc.) affecting non-vital organs/systems require the same degree of SP attention given to vital functions as they can dramatically reduce patient quality of life.

关键词： anticancer drugs CiPA concordance analysis emesis high-level CNS functions nausea peripheral neuropathy safety pharmacology video-tracking analysis visual functions zebrafish swimming

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Comparison of posterior capsule opacification at 360-degree square edge hydrophilic and sharp edge hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens in diabetic patients

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2015年第4期8卷 725-729页

作者： Ling Bai Jin Zhang Ling Chen Ting Ma Hou-Cheng Liang Department of Ophthalmology the Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Xi'an Jiaotong University Department of Ophthalmology the First Hospital of Yulin City Department of Ophthalmology Xi'an No.1 Hospital

·AIM: To compare posterior capsule opacification(PCO)degree and visual functions after phacoemulsification in eyes implanted with 360-degree square edge hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens(IOL)(570C C-flex, Rayner) and sharp edge hydrophobic acrylic IOL(Sensar AR40 e,AMO) in diabetic patients.· METHODS: Sixty diabetic patients underwent uneventful phacoemulsification and randomly implanted one of the two IOLs. The PCO value was measured by retroillumination photographs and Evaluation of Posterior Capsule Opacification(EPCO) 2000 image-analysis software at 1, 6, 12, and 24 mo after surgery. visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity in photopic and mesopic conditions were also examined at each follow up time point. The incidence of eye that required Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy were also compared.·RESULTS: There was not any statistically significant difference in PCO scores between Rayner C-flex 570 C group and Sensar AR40 e group at each follow up time point. visual acuity, Nd:YAG capsulotomy incidence and contrast sensitivity also had no significant difference during the 24 mo follow-up.·CONCLUSION: For diabetic patients, Rayner 570 C Cflex and Sensar AR40 e IOLs are same effective for prevent PCO. The 360-degree square edge design maybe is a good alternative technique to improve PCO prevention.

关键词： hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens posterior capsule opacification visual functions diabetic patients

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Color vision and occupational chemical exposures:: I.: An overview of tests and effects

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NEUROTOXICOLOGY 2002年第6期23卷 719-733页

作者： Iregren, A Andersson, M Nylén, P Natl Inst Working Life SE-11279 Stockholm Sweden

The paper presents a summary of the literature published until December 2000 on effects from some industrial chemical exposures on color perception, as well as short descriptions of the tests applied. Several different tests have been used to study acquired alterations of color vision. These changes are frequently found in the blue-yellow axis. Many of the tests were originally designed to detect congenital alterations in the red-green axis, and thus have relatively low sensitivity when studying chemically induced deficits in color perception. At present, the Lanthony D15-desaturated panel seems most suitable for application in industrial settings, since it is clearly the most sensitive and easily administered test. Color vision seems to be a physiological function very sensitive to several chemicals. The potency of industrial chemicals to induce color vision deficiencies has often been investigated during the last two decades. The chemicals most frequently studied are different solvents and mercury. Pronounced effects on color perception have been reported following chronic exposure to organic solvents such as styrene, carbon disulphide, perchloroethylene, n-hexane and solvent mixtures, and to organic as well as inorganic mercury. The effect of occupational toluene exposure seems not as well established, since only slight effects and several negative studies have been reported. For some of these compounds the effect on color vision has been further established through the finding of clear dose-effect relationships. In a few cases, even acute exposure situations, e.g. exposure to toluene for a few hours or acute alcohol intake, seem to affect color perception. Follow-up studies are needed to investigate the possible reversibility of effects in relation to discontinued or reduced exposures. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： color vision literature review occupational exposures visual functions

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Introduction: Neuroscience in the Nobel perspective

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JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF THE NEUROSCIENCES 2006年第4期15卷 306-317页

作者： Sourkes, Theodore L. McGill Univ Dept Psychiat Montreal PQ H3A 1A1 Canada McGill Univ Dept Biochem Montreal PQ H3A 1A1 Canada McGill Univ Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut Montreal PQ H3A 1A1 Canada

The Nobel Prizes for Physiology or Medicine have included a relatively large number of awards for work in the neurosciences, or for work construed to have made a contribution to neuroscience. These are recognized in this article by brief explanations of the particular contribution that warranted this magnificent (and munificent) award. The first prizes in neuroscience were awarded five years after the initiation of the Nobel Foundation's program. Up to 2005, 28 prizes have been awarded for achievements in neuroscience to 52 individuals.

关键词： auditory function diseases of the nervous system imaging integrative action of the nervous system neurophysiology neurotransmission neurotransmitters Nobel Prizes olfaction structure of the nervous system visual functions

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