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IEEE Symposium on visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing

作者： Lohmann, M Sauer, S Engels, G Univ Paderborn Dept Comp Sci D-33098 Paderborn Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0769524435

Design by Contract (DbC) is widely acknowledged to be a powerful technique for creating reliable software. DbC allows developers to specify the behavior of an operation precisely by pre- and post-conditions. Existing DbC approaches predominantly use textual representations of contracts to annotate the actual program code with assertions. In the Unified Modeling Language (UML), the textual Object Constraint Language (OCL) supports the specification of pre- and post-conditions by constraining the model elements that occur in UML diagrams. However textual specifications in OCL can become complex and cumbersome, especially for software developers who art, typically not used to OCL. In this paper we propose to specify the preand post-conditions of an operation visually by a pair of UML object diagrams (visual contract). We define a mapping of visual contracts into Java classes that are annotated with behavioral interface specifications in the Java Modeling Language (JML). The mapping supports testing the correctness of the implementation against the specification using JML tools, which include a runtime assertion checker Thus we make the visual contracts executable.

关键词： Java Unified Modeling Language formal specification formal verification object-oriented programming software reliability visual programming Java classes Java modeling language UML object diagrams behavior specification behavioral interface specification UML visual programming contract object oriented programming Software reliability Formal verification Specifications Formal specifications interface specification visualization program code

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A toolkit for addressing HCI issues in visual language environments

A toolkit for addressing HCI issues in visual language envir...

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IEEE Symposium on visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing

作者： Pietriga, E Univ Paris 11 INRIA Futurs F-91405 Orsay France

ISBN: (纸本)0769524435

As noted almost a decade ago, HCI (Human-Computer Interaction) aspects of visual language environments are under-developed. This remains a fact, in spite of the central role played by user interfaces in the acceptance and usability of visual languages. We introduce ZVTM, a toolkit aimed at promoting the development of HCI aspects of visual enviroments by making the creation of interactive structured graphical editors easier, while favoring the rapid integration of novel interaction techniques such as zoomable user interfaces, distortion lenses, superimposed layers, and alternate scrolling and pointing methods.

关键词： human computer interaction programming environments user interfaces visual languages visual programming ZVTM toolkit distortion lenses human-computer interaction interactive structured graphical editors superimposed layers visual language environments zo computer human interaction visual languages visual programming User Interface Device Component programming environments tool cases alternant

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Can we enhance performance via learning theory?

Can we enhance performance via learning theory?

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IEEE Symposium on visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing

作者： Kissinger, C Oregon State Univ Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Corvallis OR 97331 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769524435

Research in learning theory has aided designers of help systems in determining education-oriented ways to present information. Many of these explanation approaches for assisting users in computing tasks remain primarily text-based. By incorporating learning theory ideas into our existing text-based explanation approach supplemented with visualizations, we hope to enhance not only the learning of but also the productivity of end users.

关键词： computer science education visual programming education end user productivity learning theory text-based explanation visualization visual programming computer science education visualization End users

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Rule-Based programming with Diaplan

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ELECTRONIC NOTES IN THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE 2005年第1期127卷 15-26页

作者： Drewes, Frank Hoffmann, Berthold Klein, Raimund Minas, Mark Umea Univ Inst Datavetenskap S-90187 Umea Sweden Univ Bremen Technologiezent Informat D-28334 Bremen Germany Univ Bundeswehr Munchen Fak Informat D-85577 Neubiberg Germany

Diaplan is a language for programming with graphs and diagrams that is currently being designed and implemented by the authors. In this paper, a programming example, declaration grids, shall illustrate how Diaplan supports a functional and object-oriented style of programming. The example also indicates which features are needed beyond those discussed in previous work on the language [9].

关键词： visual language visual programming rule-based programming graph transformation

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Improving the design of visual programming language experiments using cognitive walkthroughs

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JOURNAL OF visual LANGUAGES AND COMPUTING 2002年第5期13卷 517-544页

作者： Ko, AJ Burnett, MM Green, TRG Rothermel, KJ Cook, CR Oregon State Univ Dept Comp Sci Corvallis OR 97331 USA Univ Leeds Comp Based Learning Unit Leeds LS2 9JT W Yorkshire England

visual programming languages aim to promote usability, but their usability is rarely examined scientifically. One reason is the difficulty of designing successful experimental evaluations. We propose the Cognitive Walkthrough (CW) as an aid to improve experiments' designs. The CW is an HCI technique designed for evaluating interfaces. The technique focuses on the potential difficulties of novice users and is therefore particularly suited for evaluating programming situations that arise in visual programming language experiments performed in laboratory settings. We first describe an empirical study performed without benefit of a walkthrough and show how the study was improved by a series of walkthroughs. We also describe two other empirical studies and how they were improved with the help of the CW. We found the method to be quick to use, effective at improving the experimental design, and usable by non-specialists. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： visual programming CONTAMINATED WATER STORAGE empirical studies visual programming languages experimentation Language Automatic incident detection

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GeoVISTA Studio:: a codeless visual programming environment for geoscientific data analysis and visualization

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COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES 2002年第10期28卷 1131-1144页

作者： Takatsuka, M Gahegan, M Penn State Univ Dept Geog GeoVISTA Ctr University Pk PA 16802 USA

The fundamental goal of the GeoVISTA Studio project is to improve geoscientific analysis by providing an environment that operationally integrates a wide range of analysis activities, including those both computationally and visually based. Improving the infrastructure used in analysis has far-reaching potential to better integrate human-based and computationally based expertise, and so ultimately improve scientific outcomes. To address these challenges, some difficult system design and software engineering problems must be overcome. This paper illustrates the design of a component-oriented system, GeoVISTA Studio, as a means to overcome such difficulties by using state-of-the-art component-based software engineering techniques. Advantages described include: ease of program construction (visual programming), an open (non-proprietary) architecture, simple component-based integration and advanced deployment methods. This versatility has the potential to change the nature of systems development for the geosciences, providing better mechanisms to coordinate complex functionality, and as a consequence, to improve analysis by closer integration of software tools and better engagement of the human expert. Two example applications are presented to illustrate the potential of the Studio environment for exploring and better understanding large, complex geographical datasets and for supporting complex visual and computational analysis. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： visual programming exploratory data analysis (EDA) knowledge construction Java component-oriented programming (COP)

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Subtext: uncovering the simplicity of programming 05

Subtext: uncovering the simplicity of programming

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Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications

作者： Jonathan Edwards MIT CSAIL Cambridge MA

ISBN: (纸本)9781595930316

Representing programs as text strings makes programming harder then it has to be. The source text of a program is far removed from its behavior. Bridging this conceptual gulf is what makes programming so inhumanly difficult -- we are not compilers. Subtext is a new medium in which the representation of a program is the same thing as its execution. Like a spreadsheet, a program is visible and alive, constantly executing even as it is edited. Program edits are coherent semantic *** essence of this new medium is copying. Programs are constructed by copying and executed by copy flow: the projection of changes through copies. The simple idea of copying develops into a rich theory of higher-order continual copying of trees. Notably absent are symbolic names, the workhorse of textual notation, replaced by immediately-bound explicit relationships. Subtext unifies traditionally distinct programming tools and concepts, and enables some novel ones. Ancestral structures are a new primitive data type that combines the features of lists and records, along with unproblematic multiple inheritance. Adaptive conditionals use first-class program edits to dynamically adapt behavior.A prototype implementation shows promise, but calls for much further research. Subtext suggests that we can make programming radically easier, if we are willing to be radical.

关键词： prototypes copying non-textual programming visual programming

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Investigation into the enhancement of substation automation systems using visual programming technique

Investigation into the enhancement of substation automation ...

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5th International Conference on Power System Management and Control

作者： Salman, SK Aklil, DD Stirling, R Robert Gordon Univ Aberdeen AB9 1FR Scotland

ISBN: (纸本)0852967489

This paper is a result of an investigation into visual programming methods and their effective use in substation applications. It particularly concerns with developing a software-based tool for the design of Composed Object Types (COT) as applied to substation automation and control systems. A brief discussion illustrating that substation automation and control systems can be developed using COTs is given. Number of existing textual techniques for the development of substation systems are described. This is followed by a summary of some of the shortcomings of the textual technique and how to overcome them. A comparison between textual and visual programming (or graphical) methods is then given. Three interfacing methods are then described in order to examine and determine which of the two discussed methods is most suitable for the development of substation automation and control systems. These interfaces are based on command driven, menu driven and direct manipulation approaches.

关键词： substation automation system substation automation object types visual programming

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A real-time manufacturing/assembly system performance evaluation and control model with integrated sensory feedback processing and visualization

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ASSEMBLY AUTOMATION 2004年第2期24卷 162-167页

作者： Ranky, PG New Jersey Inst Technol Dept Ind & Mfg Engn Newark NJ 07102 USA

The aim of this paper is to introduce a real-time performance evaluation and control model, for the purpose of reducing cost and improving the quality;and the real-time responsiveness of manufacturing/assembly systems and enterprises that host them. In order to make the approach practical, networking solutions with integrated sensory feedback processing and visualization methods are illustrated. In this paper we summarize the core concepts of our method and demonstrate some quality industrial solutions.

关键词： visual programming sensors control

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A visual, hierarchical approach to implementing rule-based algorithms in classification of discrete, homogenous objects

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DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS 2004年第1期38卷 81-89页

作者： Richards, RM Belmont Univ Coll Business Adm Nashville TN 37212 USA

This research examines the graphical approach to implementing an expert system instead of the programming approach of the traditional "if then/else" construct. The rule base and knowledge base are built into the graphical model and only observation on the part of the user is needed for effective discrimination among choices. The application model is designed around a relational database management system with the user interface generated in visual Basic and a rule base implemented through a hierarchy of mutually exclusive options presented to the user based on choices made as the user progresses through the various decision levels. Decision factors are based on observation of the discriminatory aspects of the objects to be classified as exhibited by the objects and maintained in the knowledge base. Human control is established through explanation and real-time recording and tracking of all choices made for any object under consideration. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： decision support systems expert systems graphical interface rule-based algorithm knowledge base database visual programming usability control

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