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16th IEEE Symposium on visualization for Cyber Security (VizSec) / IEEE visualization Conference (IEEE VIS)

作者： Redmond, Stephen Accenture Plc Natl Coll Ireland Dublin Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9781728149417

Pie charts were first published in 1801 by William Playfair and have caused some controversy since. Despite the suggestions of many experts against their use, several empirical studies have shown that pie charts are at least as good as alternatives. From Brinton to Few on one side and Eells to Kosara on the other, there appears to have been a hundred-year war waged on the humble pie. In this paper a set of experiments are reported that compare the performance of pie charts and horizontal bar charts with various visual cues. Amazon's Mechanical Turk service was employed to perform the tasks of estimating segments in various part-to-whole charts. The results lead to recommendations for data visualization professionals in developing dashboards.

关键词： Human-centered computing visualization Empirical studies in visualization Human-centered computing visualization visualization design and evaluation methods

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Birds vs. Fish: Visualizing Out-Of-View Objects in Augmented Reality using 3D Minimaps 18

Birds vs. Fish: Visualizing Out-Of-View Objects in Augmented...

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International Normal Labour and Birth Research Conference

作者： Bork, Felix Eck, Ulrich Navab, Nassir Tech Univ Munich Chair Comp Aided Med Procedures Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781728147659

Despite recent technological advanced in Augmented Reality (AR), the majority of state-of-the-art head-mounted displays (HMDs) still suffers from a limited field of view. Hence, there is a high probability that virtual objects are located outside of the user's view. Several approaches to mitigate the problem of out-of-view objects have been proposed in the past by using visualization techniques to guide the user's attention towards such objects. However, none of these techniques provides any context about the real environment. Current state-of-the-art HMDs are equipped with various sensors to create a 3D map of the environment. In this work, we leverage such 3D reconstructions and developed a set of different 3D minimap visualizations for conveying information about out-of-view objects in AR. We propose a novel kind of minimap using stereographic fisheye projection and compare it to more traditional, bird's-eye view minimaps. Preliminary results show that our stereographic fisheye minimap offers a set of distinct advantages over bird's-eye view minimaps that facilitate the localization of virtual objects in AR environments.

关键词： Human-centered computing Human computer interaction (HCI) Interaction paradigms Mixed / Augmented Reality Human-centered computing visualization visualization design and evaluation methods

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The Role of Working Memory Capacity in Graph Reading Performance 12

The Role of Working Memory Capacity in Graph Reading Perform...

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12th IEEE Pacific visualization Symposium (IEEE PacificVis)

作者： Fletcher, Ciara Huang, Weidong Arness, David Quang Vinh Nguyen Western Sydney Univ Sch Social Sci & Psychol Sydney NSW Australia Swinburne Univ Technol Sch Software & Elect Engn Melbourne Vic Australia Western Sydney Univ Sch Comp Engn & Math Sydney NSW Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781538692264

We process information in memory and different people have different memory capacity. It is therefore important to understand possible impact of memory capacity when it comes to graph comprehension. In an attempt towards this direction, we conducted a user study investigating the impact of working memory capacity on graph reading task performance. Forty-six university students participated in the study performing a graph reading task with one hundred graph drawings of different complexity levels. Their working memory capacity and task performance (accuracy and time) were measured and recorded. The results of regression analyses indicated that working memory capacity was a significant predictor of performance accuracy, but not for response time. In this paper, we present the details of the study and discuss our findings and limitations of the study. Possible future research directions are also suggested.

关键词： Human-centered computing visualization visualization design and evaluation methods

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Hi-D Maps: An Interactive visualization Technique for Multi-Dimensional Categorical Data

Hi-D Maps: An Interactive Visualization Technique for Multi-...

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16th IEEE Symposium on visualization for Cyber Security (VizSec) / IEEE visualization Conference (IEEE VIS)

作者： Reza, Radi Muhammad Watson, Benjamin A. North Carolina State Univ Raleigh NC 27695 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728149417

In this paper, we present Hi-D maps, a novel method for the visualization of multi-dimensional categorical data. Our work addresses the scarcity of techniques for visualizing a large number of data-dimensions in an effective and space-efficient manner. We have mapped the full data-space onto a 2D regular polygonal region. The polygon is cut hierarchically with lines parallel to a user-controlled, ordered sequence of sides, each representing a dimension. We have used multiple visual cues such as orientation, thickness, color, countable glyphs, and text to depict cross-dimensional information. We have added interactivity and hierarchical browsing to facilitate flexible exploration of the display: small areas can be scrutinized for details. Thus, our method is also easily extendable to visualize hierarchical information. Our glyph animations add an engaging aesthetic during interaction. Like many visualizations, Hi-D maps become less effective when a large number of dimensions stresses perceptual limits, but Hi-D maps may add clarity before those limits are reached.

关键词： Human-centered computing visualization visualization techniques Human-centered computing visualization visualization design and evaluation methods

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Effects of Stereoscopic Viewing and Haptic Feedback, Sensory-Motor Congruence and Calibration on Near-Field Fine Motor Perception-Action Coordination in Virtual Reality 26

Effects of Stereoscopic Viewing and Haptic Feedback, Sensory...

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26th IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)

作者： Brickler, David Volonte, Matias Bertrand, Jeffrey W. Duchowski, Andrew T. Babu, Sabarish V. Clemson Univ Clemson SC 29631 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728113777

We present an empirical evaluation on how stereoscopic viewing and haptic feedback deferentially affects fine motor perception-action coordination in a pick-and-place task in Virtual Reality (VR). The factors considered were stereoscopic viewing, haptic feedback, sensorymotor congruence and mismatch, and calibration on perceptionaction coordination in near field fine motor task performance in VR. Quantitative measures of placement error, distance, collision, and time to complete trials were recorded and analyzed. Overall, we found that participants' manual dexterous task performance was enhanced in the presence of both stereoscopic viewing and haptic feedback. However, we found that time to complete task was greatly enhanced by the presence of haptic feedback, and economy and efficiency of movement of the end effector as well as the manipulated object was enhanced by the presence of both haptic feedback and stereoscopic viewing. Whereas, number of collisions and placement accuracy were greatly enhanced by the presence of stereoscopic viewing in near-field fine motor perception-action coordination. Our research additionally shows that mismatch in sensory-motor stimuli can detrimentally affect the number of collisions, and efficiency of end effector and object movements in near-field fine motor activities, and can be further negatively affected by the absence of haptic feedback and stereoscopic viewing. In spite of reduced cue situations in VR, and the absence or presence of stereoscopic viewing and haptic feedback, we found that participants tend to calibrate or adapt their perception-action coordination rapidly with a set of at least 5 trials.

关键词： Human-centered computing visualization visualization design and evaluation methods

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Evaluating Teacher Avatar Appearances in Educational VR 26

Evaluating Teacher Avatar Appearances in Educational VR

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26th IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)

作者： Woodworth, Jason W. Lipari, Nicholas G. Borst, Christoph W. Univ Louisiana Lafayette Lafayette LA 70504 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728113777

We present a pilot study of four teacher avatars for an educational virtual field trip. The avatars consist of a depth-video-based mesh of a real person, a game-style human model, a robot model, and the robot with its head replaced by a video feed of the teacher's face. Multiple avatars were developed to consider alternatives to the mesh representation that required high-bandwidth networks and a non-immersive teacher interface. The pilot study presents a random avatar to the participant at each of 4 educational stations, and follows up with a subjective questionnaire. Most notably, we find positive affinity for the plain robot model to be similar to that of the video mesh, which was previously shown to provide high co-presence and good results for education. Results are guiding a larger study that will measure the educational efficacy of revised avatars.

关键词： Human-centered computing visualization visualization design and evaluation methods

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Towards Efficient Visual Guidance in Limited Field-of-View Head-Mounted Displays

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2018年第11期24卷 2983-2992页

作者： Bork, Felix Schnelzer, Christian Eck, Ulrich Navab, Nassir Tech Univ Munich Munich Germany

Understanding, navigating, and performing goal-oriented actions in Mixed Reality (MR) environments is a challenging task and requires adequate information conveyance about the location of all virtual objects in a scene. Current Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs) have a limited field-of-view where augmented objects may be displayed. Furthermore, complex MR environments may be comprised of a large number of objects which can be distributed in the extended surrounding space of the user. This paper presents two novel techniques for visually guiding the attention of users towards out-of-view objects in HMD-based MR: the 3D Radar and the Mirror Ball. We evaluate our approaches against existing techniques during three different object collection scenarios, which simulate real-world exploratory and goal-oriented visual search tasks. To better understand how the different visualizations guide the attention of users, we analyzed the head rotation data for all techniques and introduce a novel method to evaluate and classify head rotation trajectories. Our findings provide supporting evidence that the type of visual guidance technique impacts the way users search for virtual objects in MR.

关键词： Mixed / Augmented reality visualization design and evaluation methods

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Towards Easy Comparison of Local Businesses Using Online Reviews

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COMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM 2018年第3期37卷 63-74页

作者： Wang, Yong Haleem, Hammad Shi, Conglei Wu, Yanhong Zhao, Xun Fu, Siwei Qu, Huamin Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Hong Kong Peoples R China Airbnb Inc San Francisco CA USA Vis Res Palo Alto CA USA

With the rapid development of e-commerce, there is an increasing number of online review websites, such as Yelp, to help customers make better purchase decisions. Viewing online reviews, including the rating score and text comments by other customers, and conducting a comparison between different businesses are the key to making an optimal decision. However, due to the massive amount of online reviews, the potential difference of user rating standards, and the significant variance of review time, length, details and quality, it is difficult for customers to achieve a quick and comprehensive comparison. In this paper, we present E-Comp, a carefully-designed visual analytics system based on online reviews, to help customers compare local businesses at different levels of details. More specifically, intuitive glyphs overlaid on maps are designed for quick candidate selection. Grouped Sankey diagram visualizing the rating difference by common customers is chosen for more reliable comparison of two businesses. Augmented word cloud showing adjective-noun word pairs, combined with a temporal view, is proposed to facilitate in-depth comparison of businesses in terms of different time periods, rating scores and features. The effectiveness and usability of E-Comp are demonstrated through a case study and in-depth user interviews.

关键词： CCS Concepts •Human‐centered computing → Information visualization visualization design and evaluation methods

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Immersing Web3D Furniture into Real Interior Images 25

Immersing Web3D Furniture into Real Interior Images

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25th IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (IEEE VR)

作者： Wang, Chao Liang, Shuang Jia, Jinyuan Tongji Univ Smart3D Media Lab Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538633656

Platforms for interior DIY(Do It Yourself) design should hold sufficient realistic sense and light manual operation in interior modeling, besides more flexibility and adaptation of online editing are also essential. But current pure Web3D or pure image based platforms are hardly meet those goals. Therefore this paper presents a lightweight and immersive solutions by editing virtual 3D furniture into captured 2D interior pictures interactively, placing them at the optimal location automatically and rendering them in real time to consistently harmonize them with real interior pictures in terms of geometric layout and lighting visual effects. Our contributions consist in: (1)cuboid modeling from camera captured interior pictures interactively without loss of realistic sense and with light manual operation;(2)lightweight automatic furniture arrangement method with enough flexibility and adaptation for online editing;(3)lightweight IBL(Image Based Lighting) and PBR(Physic Based Rendering) to make virtual furniture immerse into real interior image more visually authentic. Compared with those existing online systems, this solution can provide low-cost, convenient, pervasive online services for interior DIY design over mobile Internet.

关键词： Human-centered computing visualization visualization techniques Treemaps Human-centered computing visualization visualization design and evaluation methods

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Round Robin Comparison of Inter-Laboratory HRTF Measurements - Assessment with an auditory model for elevation 4

Round Robin Comparison of Inter-Laboratory HRTF Measurements...

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IEEE 4th VR Workshop on Sonic Interactions for Virtual Environments (SIVE)

作者： Barumerli, Roberto Geronazzo, Michele Avanzini, Federico Univ Padua Dept Informat Engn Padua Italy Aalborg Univ Dept Architecture Design & Media Technol Aalborg Denmark Univ Milan Dept Comp Sci Milan Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781538657133

Repeatability of head-related transfer function (HRTF) measurements is a critical issue in intra-and inter-laboratory setups. In this paper, simulated perceptual variabilities of HRTFs are computed as an attempt to understand if different acquisition methods achieve similar results in terms of psychoacoustic features. We consider 12 HRTF independent measurement sets of a Neumann KU-100 dummy head from the international round-robin study Club Fritz. Our analysis of HRTF variabilities focuses on localization performance in elevation within the mid-sagittal plane. A round robin evaluation is performed by means of an auditory model which is able to predict elevation errors and front-back confusion for a given pair of target and template HRTF sets. Results report comparable localization performances between four HRTF databases, suggesting that these acquisition methods led to similar performances in providing elevation cues. Such findings further emphasize the intrinsic complexity and the sensitivity of the HRTF measurement process. The final aim of this study is to certify the quality and repeatability of a measurement process at perceptual level;this findings could be extended to the acquisition of human head acoustics.

关键词： Human-centered computing visualization visualization techniques Treemaps Human-centered computing visualization visualization design and evaluation methods

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