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Detection and visualization of Splat and Antisplat Events in Turbulent Flows

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2020年第11期26卷 3147-3162页

作者： Nsonga, Baldwin Niemann, Martin Frohlich, Jochen Staib, Joachim Gumhold, Stefan Scheuermann, Gerik Univ Leipzig Inst Comp Sci Augustuspl 10 D-04109 Leipzig Germany Tech Univ Dresden Inst Software & Multimedia Technol Nothnitzer Str 46 D-01187 Dresden Germany Tech Univ Dresden Inst Fluid Mech George Bahr Str 3c D-01062 Dresden Germany

Splat and antisplat events are a widely found phenomenon in three-dimensional turbulent flow fields. Splats are observed when fluid locally impinges on an impermeable surface transferring energy from the normal component to the tangential velocity components, while antisplats relate to the inverted situation. These events affect a variety of flow properties, such as the transfer of kinetic energy between velocity components and the transfer of heat, so that their investigation can provide new insight into these issues. Here, we propose the first Lagrangian method for the detection of splats and antisplats as features of an unsteady flow field. Our method utilizes the concept of strain tensors on flow-embedded flat surfaces to extract disjoint regions in which splat and antisplat events of arbitrary scale occur. We validate the method with artificial flow fields of increasing complexity. Subsequently, the method is used to analyze application data stemming from a direct numerical simulation of the turbulent flow over a backward facing step. Our results show that splat and antisplat events can be identified efficiently and reliably even in such a complex situation, demonstrating that the new method constitutes a well-suited tool for the analysis of turbulent flows.

关键词： Feature extraction Data visualization visualization Stress Heat transfer Strain Solids Flow visualization visualization techniques and methodologies

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PyTracer: Automatically Profiling Numerical Instabilities in Python

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS 2023年第6期72卷 1792-1803页

作者： Chatelain, Yohan Young, Nigel Yong Sao Kiar, Gregory Glatard, Tristan Concordia Univ Dept Comp Sci & Software Engn Montreal PQ H3G 1M8 Canada Child Mind Inst Ctr Developing Brain New York NY 10022 USA

Numerical stability is a crucial requirement of reliable scientific computing. However, despite the pervasiveness of Python in data science, analyzing large Python programs remains challenging due to the lack of scalable numerical analysis tools available for this language. To fill this gap, we developed PyTracer, a profiler to quantify numerical instability in Python applications. PyTracertransparently instruments Python code to produce numerical traces and visualize them interactively in a Plotly dashboard. We designed PyTracerto be agnostic to numerical noise model, allowing for numerical profiling through Monte-Carlo Arithmetic, random rounding, random data perturbation, or structured noise for a particular application. We illustrate PyTracer's capabilities by testing the numerical stability of key functions in both SciPy and Scikit-learn, two dominant Python libraries for mathematical modeling. Through these evaluations, we demonstrate PyTraceras a scalable, automated, and generic framework for numerical profiling in Python.

关键词： Instruments Python Arithmetic Numerical stability Numerical models Libraries Codes Computer arithmetic quality analysis and evaluation stochastic analysis tracing visualization techniques and methodologies

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Visual Analytics for Decision Support: A Supply Chain Perspective

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IEEE ACCESS 2021年 9卷 81326-81344页

作者： Khakpour, Alireza Colomo-Palacios, Ricardo Martini, Antonio Ostfold Univ Coll Fac Comp Sci N-1757 Halden Norway Univ Oslo Dept Informat N-0373 Oslo Norway

Supply chain (SC) activities generate huge amount of data that can be used in decision making processes. However, proper data analytics techniques are required to combine, organize, and analyze data from different sources and produce required insights available for decision makers. These techniques promote analytical reasoning of the events and patterns hidden in the data using visualizations, so-called Visual Analytics (VA). Although there is a large number of VA systems to facilitate the process of analysis and decision making, there is a lack of an adequate overview of what already exists in this area for SC management. To address that need, we conducted a systematic literature review to analyze the state of the art in SC VA systems. Particularly, we focus on use cases, the type of the decisions that a VA system intended to support, the type of visualizations employed, the type of analytics used, and the data that has been used for analysis. The goal of this study is to provide SC and VA researchers with an overview of the works carried out in the field of SC VA, helping them to observe latest trends and to recognize existing gaps that need further investigation. Consequently, a mapping between decisions of various SC business processes and their reciprocal visualization techniques and tactics have been provided. Adding to that, VA applications and use cases in SC are identified based on the SC Operation Reference (SCOR) model and underlying decision areas are recognized.

关键词： Data visualization Business Companies Visual analytics Decision making Supply chains Data analysis Decision support information visualization value chain analysis visual analytics visualization techniques and methodologies

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Graph visualization techniques for web clustering engines

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2007年第2期13卷 294-304页

作者： Di Giacomo, Emilio Didimo, Walter Grilli, Luca Liotta, Giuseppe Univ Perugia Dipartimento Ingn Elettron & Informaz I-06125 Perugia Italy

One of the most challenging issues in mining information from the World Wide Web is the design of systems that present the data to the end user by clustering them into meaningful semantic categories. We show that the analysis of the results of a clustering engine can significantly take advantage of enhanced graph drawing and visualization techniques. We propose a graph-based user interface for Web clustering engines that makes it possible for the user to explore and visualize the different semantic categories and their relationships at the desired level of detail.

关键词： web search clustering information visualization visualization systems and software visualization techniques and methodologies graphical user interfaces

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Visualizing Cells and Humans in 3D Biomedical Image Analysis at Nanometer and Meter Scales

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IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS 2012年第5期32卷 39-49页

作者： Yoo, Terry S. Bliss, Donald Lowekamp, Bradley C. Chen, David T. Murphy, Gavin E. Narayan, Kedar Hartnell, Lisa M. Thao Do Subramaniam, Sriram US Natl Lib Med Off High Performance Comp & Commun Bethesda MD USA Indiana Univ Bloomington Cryotransmiss Electron Microscopy Facil Bloomington IN USA

Researchers analyzed and presented volume data from the Visible Human Project (VHP) and data from high-resolution 3D ion-abrasion scanning electron microscopy (IA-SEM). They acquired the VHP data using cryosectioning, a destructive approach to 3D human anatomical imaging resulting in whole-body images with a field of view approaching 2 meters and a minimum resolvable feature size of 300 microns. IA-SEM is a type of block-face imaging microscopy, a destructive approach to microscopic 3D imaging of cells. The field of view of IA-SEM data is on the order of 10 microns (whole cell) with a minimum resolvable feature size of 15 nanometers (single-slice thickness). Despite the difference in subject and scale, the analysis and modeling methods were remarkably similar. They are derived from image processing, computer vision, and computer graphics techniques. Moreover, together we are employing medical illustration, visualization, and rapid prototyping to inform and inspire biomedical science. By combining graphics and biology, we are imaging across nine orders of magnitude of space to better promote public health through research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： Biomedical image processing Computational modeling computer applications computer graphics computer vision computing methodologies Human factors image processing Image resolution life and medical sciences modeling Nanobioscience pattern recognition Scanning electron microscopy Science - general segmentation simulation visualization visualization techniques and methodologies volume visualization

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What Do We Mean When We Say "Insight"? A Formal Synthesis of Existing Theory

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2024年第9期30卷 6075-6088页

作者： Battle, Leilani Ottley, Alvitta Univ Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Washington Univ St Louis St Louis MO 63130 USA

Researchers have derived many theoretical models for specifying users' insights as they interact with a visualization system. These representations are essential for understanding the insight discovery process, such as when inferring user interaction patterns that lead to insight or assessing the rigor of reported insights. However, theoretical models can be difficult to apply to existing tools and user studies, often due to discrepancies in how insight and its constituent parts are defined. This article calls attention to the consistent structures that recur across the visualization literature and describes how they connect multiple theoretical representations of insight. We synthesize a unified formalism for insights using these structures, enabling a wider audience of researchers and developers to adopt the corresponding models. Through a series of theoretical case studies, we use our formalism to compare and contrast existing theories, revealing interesting research challenges in reasoning about a user's domain knowledge and leveraging synergistic approaches in data mining and data management research.

关键词： Data models Data mining Data and knowledge visualization visualization techniques and methodologies

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Advanced virtual endoscopic pituitary surgery

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2005年第5期11卷 497-507页

作者： Neubauer, A Wolfsberger, S Forster, MT Mroz, L Wegenkittl, R Bühler, K VRVis Res Ctr A-1220 Vienna Austria Med Univ Vienna Dept Neurosurg A-1090 Vienna Austria Tiani Medgraph AG A-1150 Vienna Austria

Endoscopy has recently been introduced to endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary surgery as a minimally invasive procedure for the removal of various kinds of pituitary tumors. To reduce morbidity and mortality with this new technique, the surgeon must be well-trained and well-prepared. Virtual endoscopy can be beneficial as a tool for training, preoperative planning, and intraoperative support. This paper introduces STEPS, a virtual endoscopy system designed to aid surgeons in getting acquainted with the endoscopic view of the anatomy, the handling of instruments, the transsphenoidal approach, and challenges associated with the procedure. STEPS also assists experienced surgeons in planning a real endoscopic intervention by getting familiar with the individual patient anatomy, identifying landmarks, planning the approach, and deciding upon the ideal target position of the actual surgical activity. The application provides interactive visualization, navigation, and perception aids and the possibility of simulating the procedure, including haptic feedback and simulation of surgical instruments.

关键词： applications visualization techniques and methodologies

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Knowledge Graphs in Practice: Characterizing their Users, Challenges, and visualization Opportunities

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2024年第1期30卷 584-594页

作者： Li, Harry Appleby, Gabriel Brumar, Camelia Daniela Chang, Remco Suh, Ashley MIT Lincoln Lab Lincoln NE 02420 USA Tufts Univ Somerville MA 02155 USA

This study presents insights from interviews with nineteen Knowledge Graph (KG) practitioners who work in both enterprise and academic settings on a wide variety of use cases. Through this study, we identify critical challenges experienced by KG practitioners when creating, exploring, and analyzing KGs that could be alleviated through visualization design. Our findings reveal three major personas among KG practitioners - KG Builders, Analysts, and Consumers - each of whom have their own distinct expertise and needs. We discover that KG Builders would benefit from schema enforcers, while KG Analysts need customizable query builders that provide interim query results. For KG Consumers, we identify a lack of efficacy for node-link diagrams, and the need for tailored domain-specific visualizations to promote KG adoption and comprehension. Lastly, we find that implementing KGs effectively in practice requires both technical and social solutions that are not addressed with current tools, technologies, and collaborative workflows. From the analysis of our interviews, we distill several visualization research directions to improve KG usability, including knowledge cards that balance digestibility and discoverability, timeline views to track temporal changes, interfaces that support organic discovery, and semantic explanations for AI and machine learning predictions.

关键词： Knowledge graphs Data visualization Interviews Task analysis Data models Standards organizations Semantics visualization techniques and methodologies human factors visual communication

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Representation-Independent In-Place Magnification with Sigma Lenses

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2010年第3期16卷 455-467页

作者： Pietriga, Emmanuel Bau, Olivier Appert, Caroline Univ Paris 11 INRIA Saclay Ile de France F-91405 Orsay France Univ Paris 11 LRI F-91405 Orsay France Univ Paris 11 CNRS F-91405 Orsay France

Focus+context interaction techniques based on the metaphor of lenses are used to navigate and interact with objects in large information spaces. They provide in-place magnification of a region of the display without requiring users to zoom into the representation and consequently lose context. In order to avoid occlusion of its immediate surroundings, the magnified region is often integrated in the context using smooth transitions based on spatial distortion. Such lenses have been developed for various types of representations using techniques often tightly coupled with the underlying graphics framework. We describe a representation-independent solution that can be implemented with minimal effort in different graphics frameworks, ranging from 3D graphics to rich multiscale 2D graphics combining text, bitmaps, and vector graphics. Our solution is not limited to spatial distortion and provides a unified model that makes it possible to define new focus+context interaction techniques based on lenses whose transition is defined by a combination of dynamic displacement and compositing functions. We present the results of a series of user evaluations that show that one such new lens, the speed-coupled blending lens, significantly outperforms all others.

关键词： Graphical user interfaces visualization techniques and methodologies interaction techniques evaluation/methodology

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Visual Cue Based Corrective Feedback for Motor Skill Training in Mixed Reality: A Survey

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2024年第7期30卷 3121-3134页

作者： Diller, Florian Scheuermann, Gerik Wiebel, Alexander Hsch Worms Univ Appl Sci UX Vis Grp D-67549 Worms Germany Univ Leipzig BSV Grp D-04109 Leipzig Germany

When learning a motor skill it is helpful to get corrective feedback from an instructor. This will support the learner to execute the movement correctly. With modern technology, it is possible to provide this feedback via mixed reality. In most cases, this involves visual cues to help the user understand the corrective feedback. We analyzed recent research approaches utilizing visual cues for feedback in mixed reality. The scope of this article is visual feedback for motor skill learning, which involves physical therapy, exercise, rehabilitation etc. While some of the surveyed literature discusses therapeutic effects of the training, this article focuses on visualization techniques. We categorized the literature from a visualization standpoint, including visual cues, technology and characteristics of the feedback. This provided insights into how visual feedback in mixed reality is applied in the literature and how different aspects of the feedback are related. The insights obtained can help to better adjust future feedback systems to the target group and their needs. This article also provides a deeper understanding of the characteristics of the visual cues in general and promotes future, more detailed research on this topic.

关键词： visualization Mixed reality Augmented reality Training Task analysis Sports Feedback loop Human-centered computing visualization visualization techniques and methodologies interaction techniques virtual and augmented reality

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