One way to improve data capacity in magnetic recording is to increase linear density by storing magnetic transitions more closely in each track. However, experiments have shown that one drawback of such practice is th...
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One way to improve data capacity in magnetic recording is to increase linear density by storing magnetic transitions more closely in each track. However, experiments have shown that one drawback of such practice is the substantial increase of transition noise. Transition noise will degrade the performance of the detector, and, thus, reduce reliability of the reproduced information. Random jitter in the transition position is believed to be one of the major contributions to transition noise. Transition noise cannot be modeled as additive noise since it is data-dependent. In this paper, we propose a new detection scheme which yields better performance than the conventional viterbi detector in jitter-dominant recording channels. The proposed detection scheme is based on the Gaussian jitter assumption, and is very similar to the viterbi algorithm (VA) except that a modified branch error metric is used to incorporate the data-dependent nature of jitter noise. Error rate simulation results, obtained for channels dominated by either Gaussian jitter or truncated Gaussian jitter, show that the proposed detection scheme yields lower error rates than the VA.
A viterbi detector is described-for detection of the ternary compact spectrum output waveform presented by Veillard [1]. The performance of the detector with additive noise is compared by simulation, to threshold dete...
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A viterbi detector is described-for detection of the ternary compact spectrum output waveform presented by Veillard [1]. The performance of the detector with additive noise is compared by simulation, to threshold detection of the same waveform. It is demonstrated that the implementation of the viterbi algorithm for this case is relatively simple. The viterbi detector presented is shown to produce a lower bit error rate than theshold detection for a given amount of additive noise. It is also shown that 4-bit quantization before viterbi detection is sufficient to produce results essentially the same as those obtained without quantization.
The letter describes a comparison of some receiver structures suitable for trellis-coded modulation on channels causing intersymbol interference. Simulation results show that a viterbi decoder treating trellis coding ...
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The letter describes a comparison of some receiver structures suitable for trellis-coded modulation on channels causing intersymbol interference. Simulation results show that a viterbi decoder treating trellis coding and intersymbol interference as one compound encoding mechanism yields the best performance, which at Pb=10-4 is about 6 dB in S/N better than any other receiver structure
This paper presents a novel approach for implementation of the viterbi algorithm, wherein survivor paths are generally kept in as low as one half of the storage required for traditional trace-back methods. Survivor me...
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This paper presents a novel approach for implementation of the viterbi algorithm, wherein survivor paths are generally kept in as low as one half of the storage required for traditional trace-back methods. Survivor memory reduction is obtained by storing only the useful part of the survivor paths. In other words, the redundancy in the survivor paths is removed. A decoder using this approach not only requires significantly less memory, but also runs faster than conventional decoders. Some instances of this approach are explicitly presented.
In a practical holographic data storage system, the reconstruction process for a data page should account for the processing time as well as the bit error rate (BER) performance. To improve both aspects, we introduce ...
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In a practical holographic data storage system, the reconstruction process for a data page should account for the processing time as well as the bit error rate (BER) performance. To improve both aspects, we introduce two-dimensional (2D) partial response maximum likelihood composed of a 2D partial response (PR) target including diagonal elements and a 2D soft output viterbi algorithm (SOVA) with a variable reliability factor. The 2D SOVA performs two one-dimensional (1D) SOVAs in structural accordance with the 2D PR target where extrinsic information uses the expected value calculated on a synchronization pattern. Finally, the 2D SOVA exports a weighted average using the reliability factor that is updated similarly as the optimization scheme for each page. The simulation results show that the proposed method has superior BER performance, despite using only two 1D SOVAs as compared with the modified 2D SOVA composed of four 1D SOVAs. (c) 2013 The Japan Society of Applied Physics
In this paper a new recognition system of distorted patterns is presented, where the viterbi algorithm and a modified trellis incorporating a pertinent statistics of distorted patterns are used. The system works in a ...
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In this paper a new recognition system of distorted patterns is presented, where the viterbi algorithm and a modified trellis incorporating a pertinent statistics of distorted patterns are used. The system works in a manner quite similar to our own human decision process. The trellis is so constructed that it can eliminate all the irrelevant pattern classes at the outset and leave only the most probable for its fimal decision, yielding a great economy of processing time and the accuracy of decision. The method was applied to recognition of handwritten English letters and Japanese Katakana"s with success. The method is also universal and can be applied to any category of distorted pattems.
In this work, we present a novel bitsliced high-performance viterbi algorithm suitable for high-throughput and data-intensive communication. A new column-major data representation scheme coupled with the bitsliced arc...
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In this work, we present a novel bitsliced high-performance viterbi algorithm suitable for high-throughput and data-intensive communication. A new column-major data representation scheme coupled with the bitsliced architecture is employed in our proposed viterbi decoder that enables the maximum utilization of the parallel processing units in modern parallel accelerators. With the help of the proposed alteration of the data scheme, instead of the conventional bit-by-bit operations, 32-bit chunks of data are processed by each processing unit. This means that a single bitsliced parallel viterbi decoder is capable of decoding 32 different chunks of data simultaneously. Here, the viterbi's Add-Compare-Select procedure is implemented with our proposed bitslicing technique, where it is shown that the bitsliced operations for the viterbi internal functionalities are efficient in terms of their performance and complexity. We have achieved this level of high parallelism while keeping an acceptable bit error rate performance for our proposed methodology. Our suggested hard and soft-decision viterbi decoder implementations on GPU platforms outperform the fastest previously proposed works by 4.3x and 2.3x, achieving 21.41 and 8.24 Gbps on Tesla V100, respectively.
When using hidden Markov models for speech recognition, it is usually assumed that the probability that a particular acoustic vector is emitted at a given time only depends on the current state and the current acousti...
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When using hidden Markov models for speech recognition, it is usually assumed that the probability that a particular acoustic vector is emitted at a given time only depends on the current state and the current acoustic vector observed. In this paper, we introduce another idea, i.e., we assume that, in a given state, the acoustic vectors are generated by a continuous Markov process. Indeed, the time evolution of the acoustic vector is inherently dynamic and continuous, and sampling only occurs for the purpose of computation. This allows us to assign a probability density to the time trajectory of the acoustic vector inside the state, reflecting the probability that this particular path has been generated by the continuous Markov process associated with this state. Roughly speaking, it measures the ''adequacy'' of the observed trajectory with respect to an ideal trajectory, which is modelled by a vectorial linear differential equation. This model is introduced in order to describe the dynamic behaviour of the acoustic vector inside a state. Once the segmentation is fixed, reestimation formulae for the parameters of the continuous Markov process are derived for the viterbi algorithm. As usual, the segmentation can be obtained by sampling the continuous process, and by applying dynamic programming to find the best path over all the possible sequences of states and all the possible durations. Finally, we sketch a possible generalization to path mixtures, for which different trajectories are available in each state. However, we have to stress that no experimental results are available at present. Indeed, we did not have the opportunity to test the algorithm on real speech. We are aware of the fact that the assumptions we did may not be appropriate for the modelling of speech.
In this paper a modification of the viterbi algorithm is formally described, and a measure of its complexity is derived. The modified algorithm uses aheuristic to limit the search through a directed graph or trellis. ...
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In this paper a modification of the viterbi algorithm is formally described, and a measure of its complexity is derived. The modified algorithm uses aheuristic to limit the search through a directed graph or trellis. The effectiveness of the algorithm is investigated via exhaustive experimentation on an input of machine-printed text. The algorithm assumes language to be a Markov chain and uses transition probabilities between characters. The results empirically answer the long-standing question of what is the benefit, if any, of using transition probabilities that depend on the length of a word and their position in it.","doi":"10.1109/TPAMI.1979.4766904","publicationTitle":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","startPage":"184","endPage":"193","rightsLink":"http://***/AppDispatchServlet?publisherName=ieee&publication=0162-8828&title=Experiments+in+Text+Recognition+with+the+Modified+viterbi+algorithm&isbn=&publicationDate=April+1979&author=Rajjan+Shinghal&ContentID=10.1109/TPAMI.1979.4766904&orderBeanReset=true&startPage=184&endPage=193&volumeNum=PAMI-1&issueNum=2","displayPublicationTitle":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","pdfPath":"/iel5/34/4766893/***","keywords":[{"type":"IEEE Keywords","kwd":["Text recognition","viterbi algorithm","Dictionaries","Costs","Computer science","Error correction","Councils","Probability","Decoding","Dynamic programming"]},{"type":"Author Keywords ","kwd":["text recognition","Computational complexity","contextual information","cost","feature vector","N-gram probabilities","probability of misclassification"]}],"allowComments":false,"pubLink":"/xpl/***?punumber=34","issueLink":"/xpl/***?isnumber=4766893","standardTitle":"Experiments in Text Recognition with the Modified viterbi algorithm
This paper describes experimental results of simulated 12000 and 14400 bits/s quadrature amplitude-modulated (QAM) systems (which were described in detail in Part I [1] ) operating on real and simulated voiceband chan...
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This paper describes experimental results of simulated 12000 and 14400 bits/s quadrature amplitude-modulated (QAM) systems (which were described in detail in Part I [1] ) operating on real and simulated voiceband channels. These experimental results show that both viterbi algorithm detection and decision feedback equalization allow digital data transmission at symbol rates exceeding the nominal bandwidth capabilities of typical telephone channels. It is demonstrated in these experiments that the viterbi algorithm receiver structure tested is less affected by linear distortion than the decision feedback receiver but exhibits greater sensitivity to phase jitter. On conditioned voiceband channels where there may be substantial phase jitter, a reasonable compromise between sensitivity to distortion and noise and sensitivity to phase jitter is made by a modem employing decision feedback equalization and decision-directed carrier phase tracking.
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