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Planar waveguides as high performance sensing platforms for fluorescence-based multiplexed oligonucleotide hybridization assays

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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 1999年第16期71卷 3347-3355页

作者： Budach, W Abel, AP Bruno, AE Neuschäfer, D Novartis Pharma AG DMPK CH-4002 Basel Switzerland

16-Mer and 22-mer oligonucleotide capture probes with an amino function at the 5'-end were covalently immobilized on (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GOPTS) silanized planar waveguides in "checkerboard"-style 2-dimensional arrays by means of ink-jet printing in order to demonstrate the potential of multiplexed planar waveguide biosensing. The laser-induced fluorescence was collected by a CCD camera, providing quantitative information regarding the intensity of individual sensing pads. In model hybridization assays with Cy5-labeled complementary oligonucleotides, sample concentrations down to 50 fM were successfully detected within 12 min. The overall spot-to-spot variability of the ink-jet immobilization in combination with amino functionalized oligonucleotides and GOPTS silanized waveguides was found to be about 12% and almost independent of the formation of an equilibrium between the labeled analyte and capture probes. Both pipet-made and ink-jet-made oligonucleotide spots showed comparable assay performances.

关键词： Bioaffinity sensors Single molecules wave-guides Devices Dna

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Solution of two-dimensional Helmholtz equation by multipole theory method

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JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC waveS AND APPLICATIONS 1999年第2期13卷 205-220页

作者： Zheng, Q Xie, F Lin, W Yunnan Normal Univ Dept Phys Kunming 650092 Peoples R China

A new approach, the multipole theory (MT) method, is presented for calculating two-dimensional (2-D) Helmholtz equation problems. By the mathematical deduction, the general MT formula and its applied laws are derived. The new approach has been applied to compute the cutoff wavenumbers of a rectangular waveguide, as analytical results are available for this problem. In order to further verify the accuracy of this method, the MT method has also been applied to compute the TE and TM modes of two high power waveguides and a square offset line. Comparison of accuracy is made whenever data is available. It has been proven that the MT method is an effective approach for calculating 2-D Helmholtz equation problems.

关键词： wave-guides Helmholtz equations MULTIPOLES Rectangular waveguides waveguide Device Component TM mode

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Development of an infrared hollow waveguide sensing device for detection of organic compounds in aqueous solutions

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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 1999年第17期71卷 3740-3746页

作者： Yang, J Her, JW Chen, SH Chung Yuan Christian Univ Chungli Taiwan

In this paper, a new detection method based on an infrared hollow waveguide is developed to detect semivolatile to nonvolatile organic compounds in aqueous solutions. The hollow waveguide is produced by chemical deposition of silver on the inner surface of a polyethylene tube. The surface of the silver layer is further coated with a hydrophobic film to attract organic compounds in aqueous solution. Samples were pumped through this hollow waveguide sampler and organic compounds were attracted onto the hydrophobic film. After removal of the residual water molecules in the hollow waveguide sampler, organic compounds can be sensed by conventional Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry. Theoretical aspects of this type of sampler are also presented. The derived analytical equations for this type of sampler were consistent with experimental data. Under the condition of constant hydrophobic film volume, high linearity (R-2 equal to 0.9993) between the concentration of analyte and the detected signal was obtained for concentrations in the range from 2.5 ppm to 50 ppb. By co-adding 100 scans with 4 cm(-1) resolution, the typical detection limit in this type of sensing method can be lower than 10 ppb. Several factors such as sampling now rate, sampling time, and hydrophobic film volume were also investigated in this work.

关键词： Tunable diode-lasers Chlorinated hydrocarbons wave-guides Fibers Water Sensors Transmission Sensitivity Polymers Cell samplers Fiber organic compounds aqueous solutions Cells Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated Sensors waveguide Device Component Hollow waveguides

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1/3-shot-noise suppression in diffusive nanowires

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Physical Review B 1999年第4期59卷 2871-2871页

作者： M. Henny S. Oberholzer C. Strunk C. Schönenberger Institut für Physik Universität Basel Klingelbergstrasse 82 CH-4056 Basel Switzerland

We report low-temperature shot-noise measurements of short diffusive Au wires attached to electron reservoirs of varying sizes. The measured noise suppression factor compared to the classical noise value 2e|I| strongly depends on the electric heat conductance of the reservoirs. For small reservoirs injection of hot electrons increases the measured noise, and hence the suppression factor. The universal 1/3 suppression factor can only asymptotically be reached for macroscopically large and thick electron reservoirs. A heating model based on the Wiedemann-Franz law is used to explain this effect.

关键词： Shot-noise suppression Mesoscopic conductor Scattering-theory Quantum noise wave-guides Contacts Electrons Metals Phase Wires Hot electrons Wiedemann-Franz law Rope Quantum noise Metals Electrons ELECTRIC WIRE Noise suppression Reservoir waters reservoirs waveguide Device Component Phase

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Structural changes induced by KrF excimer laser photons in H2-loaded Ge-doped SiO2 glass

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Physical Review B 1999年第7期60卷 4682-4682页

作者： Makoto Fujimaki Toshiaki Kasahara Shigeyuki Shimoto Nahoko Miyazaki Shin-ichiro Tokuhiro Kwang Soo Seol Yoshimichi Ohki Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Ohkubo Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan

Photochemical reactions related to the Ge lone-pair center (GLPC) that are induced by KrF excimer laser photons in H2-loaded Ge-doped SiO2 glass have been investigated. Without the H2 loading, the Ge electron center (GEC) and the positively charged GLPC were induced by the laser irradiation. In the H2-loaded sample, the GEC, the Ge E′ center, and the germyl radical (GR) were induced by the irradiation, while the positively charged GLPC was not observed after the irradiation. If the H2-loaded sample was thermally annealed after the photon irradiation, the concentration of the photo-induced GEC decreased monotonically with an increase in the annealing temperature. On the other hand, the concentration of the GR increased up to the annealing temperature of 160 °C, and it decreased at higher temperatures. Without the pre-irradiation, the induction of the GR was not observed even in the H2-loaded sample. From these results, it is concluded that the positively charged GLPC is terminated with a hydrogen atom in the H2-loaded sample and then becomes the GR by trapping an electron thermally released from the GEC.

关键词： Germanosilicate glass Sio2-geo2 glasses Optical fibers wave-guides Uv photosensitivity Absorption-bands Mechanisms Gratings Centers Fabrication Absorption bands Photon fabrication annealing Laser radiation photochemical reaction Germanosilicate glasses Irradiation Excimer lasers POSITIVELY-CHARGED waveguide Device Component Optical Fibers

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Ray model for a planar anisotropic dielectric waveguide

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JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION 1998年第4期15卷 972-977页

作者： Seshadri, SR Univ Wisconsin Madison WI 53706 USA

A ray model for the treatment of a planar anisotropic dielectric waveguide is presented. The attenuation coefficient of the guided wave predicted by this model is consistent with the energy-conservation requirement. (... 详细信息

关键词： Quasi-optics wave-guides Thin

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Spinning deposition of silica and silica-titania optical coatings: A round robin test

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH 1998年第3期13卷 731-738页

作者： Guglielmi, M Martucci, A Almeida, RM Vasconcelos, HC Yeatman, EM Dawnay, EJC Fardad, MA Dipartimento Ingn Meccan I-35131 Padua Italy Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med London SW7 2BT England INESC P-1000 Lisbon Portugal

A round robin test has been performed on sol-gel processing for the deposition of silica and silica-titania films on silicon substrates by spin-coating. Three solution preparation processes for silica coatings and three for silica-titania coatings were used to prepare samples at each of the participating laboratories. The films have been characterized mainly by thickness (profilometry and ellipsometry measurements), refractive index, porosity, and optical scattering. Different processes gave different thicknesses. Thickness differences were found in films prepared by the same process and by the same deposition parameters, but in different laboratories, when heat-treated at 500 degrees C. Variations were reduced in samples annealed at 1000 degrees C. Refractive index and porosity measurements suggest that variations were due to structural differences, particularly porosity. Furthermore, films heat-treated at 500 degrees C were not completely stabilized, and showed index and porosity variations after six months.

关键词： wave-guides Gel silicon dioxide porosimetry Films Sol-gel process waveguide Device Component Gels complex refractive index

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Spectroscopic investigation of the photodegradation of polydiacetylene solutions

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY 1998年第4期8卷 903-912页

作者： Bloor, D Worboys, MR Univ Durham Dept Phys Durham DH1 3LE England GEC Marconi Ltd Res Ctr Great Baddow CM2 8HN Essex England

The degradation of chloroform solutions of nBCMU-polydiacetylenes [nBCMU = (BuO2CCH2NHCO2)-O-n(CH2)(n)], and related polymers with chiral urethane sidegroups, stored in Pyrex glassware under normal laboratory atmosphere and lighting was studied by the measurement of changes in the optical absorption spectrum. Both the magnitude and wavelength of the absorbance maximum decrease as the mean molecular weight is reduced by degradation. Measurements made on a reference sample stored in the dark showed that thermal degradation was negligible. Comparison with the spectra of a sample degraded by UV radiation (lambda < 300 nm) shows that the degradation behaviour of white light exposed samples is distinctly different. While the precise temporal dependence of the degradation varies from polymer to polymer there is a discernible generic behaviour. This is also true for the shift in the energy of the absorption maximum when plotted against the decrease in absorption strength. A model based on the known dependence of the absorption maximum on polymer chain length is developed to describe the observed generic behaviour. Degradation by random scission followed by depolymerization is shown to be consistent with the experimental data The measurements show that polydiacetylene solutions can be stored in the dark for up to four years but that solutions left open to the light can have shelf lives as short as ten days.

关键词： P-toluene sulfonate Thermal-decomposition Optical nonlinearity Conjugated polymers Single-crystals wave-guides Films Poly(diacetylene) Poly(1 6-di-n-carbazolyl-2 4-hexadiyne) Spectra

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Interferometric investigation of photonic band-structure effects in pure and doped colloidal crystals

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JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS 1998年第11期15卷 2654-2659页

作者： Rosner, BT Schneider, GJ Watson, GH Univ Delaware Dept Phys & Astron Newark DE 19716 USA

A Mach-Zehnder interferometer was developed for accurately measuring relative phase shifts of light propagating in photonic colloidal crystals deep into the stop bands. These phase shifts can be used to determine the change in index of refraction and the optical dispersion relation from photonic band structure near the band edges. Phase measurements of colloidal crystals incorporating an impurity peak in the transmission spectrum are also presented. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America [S0740-3224(98)01211-9] OCIS codes: 030.1670, 050.5080, 350.2460, 290.3030.

关键词： wave-guides Stop bands Microcavities Modes TRANSMISSION SPECTROSCOPY stop band Photonic band gap microcavities Phase shift photonic waveguide Device Component Colloidal crystals

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Guided-type second harmonic generation in ion implanted MgO:LiNbO₃

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JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS 1998年第10期45卷 2125-2129页

作者： Hamelin, N Chow, YT City Univ Hong Kong Dept Elect Engn Kowloon Peoples R China

We report guided-type second harmonic generation (SHG) in Mg-doped lithium niobate optical waveguides. SHG in Mg-doped lithium niobate guide is as a comparable efficiency to the undoped lithium niobate waveguides [1] where the efficiency is 0.018% W-1. We also report a better resistance to the impact of a high intensity pulsed laser at the in-couple facet.

关键词： Lithium-niobate wave-guides magnesium oxide Second-harmonic generation impact resistance Lithium niobate waveguide Device Component Ions

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