Herein thin films of bismuth oxide are doped with iron by the thermal deposition technique under a vacuum pressure of 10(-5) mbar. The doping content varied in the range of 3.0 wt.% to 13.0 wt.%. It is found that undo...
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Herein thin films of bismuth oxide are doped with iron by the thermal deposition technique under a vacuum pressure of 10(-5) mbar. The doping content varied in the range of 3.0 wt.% to 13.0 wt.%. It is found that undoped and Fe-doped Bi2O3 films exhibited monoclinic structure with lattice parameters of a=7.9765 angstrom,b=7.1253 angstrom,c=4.5964 angstrom and beta=102.203(degrees) and space group 8/Lc140. Fe-doping below the solubility limit (13.0 wt %) resulted in smaller crystallites, larger strains and larger defect densities. Above the solubility limits orthorhombic Fe2O3 occupied 30.6% of the total phase of Bi2O3 films. Fe-doped Bi2O3 films showed lower dielectric constant value, lower electrical conductivities and larger microwave cutoff frequencies. Analyses of the ac conductivity spectra indicated that the ac conduction is dominated by the correlated barrier hopping. The increased doping level below the solubility limit decreased the density of localized states near Fermi level and increased the correlated barrier height. It is also observed that 3.0 wt% of Fe can improve the cutoff frequency from 133 to 160 GHz. The cutoff frequency spectra of pure and doped samples displayed values that suits 6G waveguides, field effect transistors, and other high-frequency applications.
In this work, earthquake response spectra are derived for tall, flexible steel pylons with attached heavy masses by using representative far-field records of recent strong motion earthquakes in the Greek domain, as re...
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In this work, earthquake response spectra are derived for tall, flexible steel pylons with attached heavy masses by using representative far-field records of recent strong motion earthquakes in the Greek domain, as recorded on firm ground. These pylons serve a variety of purposes, such as lighting posts, electric power lines and wind turbines, the latter being a key component in the production of "green" energy. The response spectra are constructed by modelling the combined pylon-mass system as a waveguide, which is the first step for an accurate determination of the displacement functions describing axial and flexural vibrations and for gauging the influence of the attached mass on the solution to the eigenvalue problem. The methodology can be extended to develop response spectra for more categories of structural elements with an attached mass of arbitrary magnitude, for ground motions recorded in other earthquake prone regions, as well as for transient motions at the level of the attached mass.
In this Letter, we demonstrate that the synergetic interplay of topology, nonreciprocity, and nonlinearity is capable of unprecedented effects. We focus on a nonreciprocal variant of the Su-Shrieffer-Heeger chain with...
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In this Letter, we demonstrate that the synergetic interplay of topology, nonreciprocity, and nonlinearity is capable of unprecedented effects. We focus on a nonreciprocal variant of the Su-Shrieffer-Heeger chain with local Kerr nonlinearity. We find a continuous family of nonreciprocal edge solitons (NESs) emerging from the topological edge mode, with near-zero energy, in great contrast from their reciprocal counterparts. Analytical results show that this energy decays exponentially towards zero when increasing the lattice size. Consequently, despite the absence of chiral and sublattice symmetries within the system, we obtain zero-energy NESs, which are insensitive to growing Kerr nonlinearity. Even more surprising, these zero-energy NESs also persist in the strong nonlinear limit. Our work may enable different avenues for the control of nonlinear topological waves without requiring the addition of complex chiral- or sublattice-preserving nonlinearities.
A new class of acoustic black hole (ABH) waveguides is presented, which relies in its operation on an array of optimally designed functionally graded perforated rings (FGPRs). In this manner, the developed ABH is prov...
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A new class of acoustic black hole (ABH) waveguides is presented, which relies in its operation on an array of optimally designed functionally graded perforated rings (FGPRs). In this manner, the developed ABH is provided with built-in energy dissipation characteristics generated by virtue of the flow through perforations, which enhances its acoustic absorption behavior and makes the speed of the propagating waves vanish faster when reaching the end of the waveguide. Furthermore, the particular design of the rings enables sandwiching of additional porous absorbing layers between the rings to further boost the absorption characteristics of the proposed ABH. Accordingly, the operating principle of the new class of ABH is radically different from that of the conventional ABH that employs sequential solid-flat rings of decreasing inner radii to create a virtual power law taper necessary for generating the black hole effect, but through reactive means rather than the effective dissipative means of the proposed ABH. Therefore, this paper develops a transfer matrix modeling (TMM) approach to model the absorption and reflection characteristics of the new class of ABH, in an attempt to predict its behavior, optimize the selection of its design parameters, and more importantly, demonstrate its merits as effective means for controlling sound propagation. Numerical examples are presented to highlight the merits and behavior of the proposed ABH. Predictions of the TMM are validated against experimental results that are available in the literature for one and two micro-perforated plates. Comparisons are also established between the ABH with FGPR and the conventional ABH in order to distinguish the behavior and underlying principles of their operations. (c) 2024 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license(https://***/licenses/by/4.0/)
This study introduces a passive approach for achieving tunable perfect absorption of microwave radiation, using non-Hermitian physics to manipulate electromagnetic waves without conductive elements. By using common di...
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This study introduces a passive approach for achieving tunable perfect absorption of microwave radiation, using non-Hermitian physics to manipulate electromagnetic waves without conductive elements. By using common dielectric slabs in irregular configurations within a rectangular waveguide, we can completely absorb electromagnetic energy, efficiently converting it into heat, while minimizing conductive losses. This method contrasts with the use of traditional metamaterials that rely on conductive components to absorb energy. Using the transfer-matrix method and sequential quadratic programming for optimization, our research identifies specific nonuniform placements of FR4 slabs that maximize absorption within targeted microwave bands. Experimental validation, executed in a standard WR90 waveguide connected to a vector network analyzer, confirms the theoretical and finite-element-simulation results, underscoring the effectiveness of our passive strategy. This work advances our understanding of non-Hermitian systems in electromagnetic wave control and offers significant potential for applications in reducing electromagnetic pollution and enhancing secure communications.
The field of topological photonics has been on the rise due to its versatility in manufacturing and its applications as topological lasers or unidirectional waveguides. Contrary to 1D or 2D photonic crystals, the tran...
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The field of topological photonics has been on the rise due to its versatility in manufacturing and its applications as topological lasers or unidirectional waveguides. Contrary to 1D or 2D photonic crystals, the transversal and vectorial nature of light in 3D precludes using standard methods for diagnosing topology. This tutorial describes the problems that emerge in computing topological invariants in 3D photonic crystals and the diverse strategies for overcoming them. Firstly, we introduce the fundamentals of light propagation in 3D periodic media and expose the complications of directly implementing the usual topological diagnosis tools. Secondly, we describe the properties of electromagnetic Wilson loops and how they can be used to diagnose topology and compute topological invariants in 3D photonic crystals. Finally, we apply the previously described methods to several examples of 3D photonic crystals showing different topological phases, such as Weyl nodes and walls, 3D photonic Chern insulators, and photonic axion insulators.
Diffusive metasurfaces have attracted a great deal of interest in recent years for their promising radar cross section reduction ability. In this work, we proposed a methodology for designing non-tunable and tunable d...
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Diffusive metasurfaces have attracted a great deal of interest in recent years for their promising radar cross section reduction ability. In this work, we proposed a methodology for designing non-tunable and tunable diffusive metasurfaces with transverse magnetized ferrite (TMF). The metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrays configured by metal plates and TMFs backed by metal plates, where the TMFs are functioned as perfect magnetic conductor and magnetic absorbers in lossless and lossy cases, respectively. The designed tunable metasurface allows for control of the operating frequency by adjusting the biased magnetic field, while the non-tunable version provides a wider operation band. This paper demonstrates that the ferrite-based metasurface have exotic stealth performance at microwave frequencies and offers a new approach to design stealth structures.
We present a novel method for in-plane digital microfluidic spectroscopy. In this technique, a custom manifold (.stl file available online as ESM) aligns optical fibres with a digital microfluidic device, allowing opt...
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We present a novel method for in-plane digital microfluidic spectroscopy. In this technique, a custom manifold (.stl file available online as ESM) aligns optical fibres with a digital microfluidic device, allowing optical measurements to be made in the plane of the device. Because of the greater width vs thickness of a droplet on-device, the in-plane alignment of this technique allows it to outperform the sensitivity of vertical absorbance measurements on digital microfluidic (DMF) devices by similar to 14x. The new system also has greater calibration sensitivity for thymol blue measurements than the popular NanoDrop system by similar to 2.5x. The improvements in absorbance sensitivity result from increased path length, as well as from additional effects likely caused by liquid lensing, in which the presence of a water droplet between optical fibres increases fibre-to-fibre transmission of light by similar to 2x through refraction and internal reflection. For interrogation of dilute samples, stretching of droplets using digital microfluidic electrodes and adjustment of fibre-to-fibre gap width allows absorbance path length to be changed on-demand. We anticipate this new digital microfluidic optical fibre absorbance and fluorescence measurement system will be useful for a wide variety of analytical applications involving microvolume samples with digital microfluidics.
A comprehensive approach is proposed for system design and analysis of polymer-based optical interconnects (OIs) on FR4 substrate for electro-optical printed circuit boards (EOPCB) to enable high-speed data transfer e...
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A comprehensive approach is proposed for system design and analysis of polymer-based optical interconnects (OIs) on FR4 substrate for electro-optical printed circuit boards (EOPCB) to enable high-speed data transfer exceeding 10 Gbps. The design approach is based on achieving vertical coupling of light from the external light source into the waveguides in the optical layer. Prior component-level design and analysis are accomplished, followed by system-level study and further sensitivity analysis. The main building block of the optical layer for light transmission is the optical waveguides, which are designed and optimized in terms of core and cladding dimensions, core-cladding polymer materials, sidewall roughness, bend radius, and the transmitting source's divergence and misalignment. Based on the simulation studies, various design rules are defined. The designed optical interconnect meets the system-level bit error rate (BER) requirement of 10(-12). System-level Monte Carlo analysis shows that the achieved BER performance is optimum within the statistical Gaussian variation of the input design parameters. Finally, the sensitivity of the BER performance is studied against a 10% variation in the input design parameters. The proposed approach can significantly help in the system design and analysis of OIs for EOPCBs.
Spin-active optical emitters in silicon carbide are excellent candidates toward the development of scalable quantum technologies. However, efficient photon collection is challenged by undirected emission patterns from...
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Spin-active optical emitters in silicon carbide are excellent candidates toward the development of scalable quantum technologies. However, efficient photon collection is challenged by undirected emission patterns from optical dipoles, as well as low total internal reflection angles due to the high refractive index of silicon carbide. Based on recent advances with emitters in silicon carbide waveguides, we now demonstrate a comprehensive study of nanophotonic waveguide-to-fiber interfaces in silicon carbide. We find that across a large range of fabrication parameters, our experimental collection efficiencies remain above 90%. Further, by integrating silicon vacancy color centers into these waveguides, we demonstrate an overall photon count rate of 181 kilo-counts per second, which is an order of magnitude higher compared to standard setups. We also quantify the shift of the ground state spin states due to strain fields, which can be introduced by waveguide fabrication techniques. Finally, we show coherent electron spin manipulation with waveguide-integrated emitters with state-of-the-art coherence times of T-2 similar to 42 mu s. The robustness of our methods is very promising for quantum networks based on multiple orchestrated emitters.
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