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wireless sensor and actor networks context interpretation for the emergency preparedness class of applications

COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS 2007年第13期30卷 2593-2602页

作者： Boukerche, A. Araujo, R. B. Silva, F. H. S. Villas, L. Univ Ottawa SITE PARADISE Res Lab Ottawa ON Canada Univ Fed Sao Carlos LRVNet Lab BR-13560 Sao Carlos SP Brazil

This paper presents a wireless sensor and actor network (WSAN) that can interpret from simple to complex contexts. In our solution, actors are used to aggregate sensor events, eliminate ambiguities and redundancy and realize context interpretations. Each actor of the WSAN is configured with rules that are determined by the application in the network configuration phase. An energy-aware event-ordering algorithm is also presented and evaluated against other existing solutions. After ordered, correlated events are interpreted resulting in contexts that go from simple questions, such as "what is the temperature of sector A" to more complex ones "why did the aircraft wing crack". Context information is exchanged among actors and sink(s) of the WSAN through the publish/subscribe technique based on topics. Results from simulations have shown that by having actors for context interpretation and a fast energy-aware event-ordering algorithm, our solution can be a good alternative for emergency preparedness applications where lives and patrimony are at risk. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： context interpretation wireless sensor and actor networks event ordering

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On the cross-layer interactions between congestion and contention in wireless sensor and actor networks

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AD HOC networks 2007年第6期5卷 897-909页

作者： Gungor, V. C. Vuran, M. C. Akan, O. B. Georgia Inst Technol Broadband & Wireless Networking Lab Sch Elect & Comp Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA Middle E Tech Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn TR-06531 Ankara Turkey

wireless sensor and actor networks (WSAN) are composed of large number of sensor nodes collaboratively observing a physical phenomenon and relatively smaller number of actor nodes, which act upon the sensed phenomenon. Due to the limited capacity of shared wireless medium and memory restrictions of the sensor nodes, channel contention and network congestion can be experienced during the operation of the network. In fact, the multi-hop nature of WSAN entangles the level of local contention and the experienced network congestion. Therefore, the unique characteristics of WSAN necessitate a comprehensive analysis of the network congestion and contention under various network conditions. In this paper, we comprehensively investigate the interactions between contention resolution and congestion control mechanisms as well as the physical layer effects in WSAN. An extensive set of simulations are performed in order to quantify the impacts of several network parameters on the overall network performance. The results of our analysis reveal that the interdependency between network parameters call for adaptive cross-layer mechanisms for efficient data delivery in WSAN. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： wireless sensor and actor networks Congestion detection and control Network contention Cross-layer design

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Movement-Assisted Connectivity Restoration in wireless sensor and actor networks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 2009年第9期20卷 1366-1379页

作者： Abbasi, Ameer Ahmed Younis, Mohamed Akkaya, Kemal King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals Dept Comp Engn Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn Baltimore MD 21250 USA So Illinois Univ Dept Comp Sci Carbondale IL 62901 USA

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in applications of wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs). In these applications, a set of mobile actor nodes are deployed in addition to sensors in order to collect sensors' data and perform specific tasks in response to detected events/objects. In most scenarios, actors have to respond collectively, which requires interactor coordination. Therefore, maintaining a connected interactor network is critical to the effectiveness of WSANs. However, WSANs often operate unattended in harsh environments where actors can easily fail or get damaged. An actor failure may lead to partitioning the interactor network and thus hinder the fulfillment of the application requirements. In this paper, we present DARA, a Distributed actor Recovery Algorithm, which opts to efficiently restore the connectivity of the interactor network that has been affected by the failure of an actor. Two variants of the algorithm are developed to address 1- and 2-connectivity requirements. The idea is to identify the least set of actors that should be repositioned in order to reestablish a particular level of connectivity. DARA strives to localize the scope of the recovery process and minimize the movement overhead imposed on the involved actors. The effectiveness of DARA is validated through simulation experiments.

关键词： Connectivity restoration controlled node mobility fault tolerance wireless sensor and actor networks

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Computational intelligence-based connectivity restoration in wireless sensor and actor networks

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EURASIP JOURNAL ON wireless COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING 2020年第1期2020卷 1-33页

作者： Mohammadi, Solmaz Farahani, Gholamreza Iranian Res Org Sci & Technol IROST Dept Elect Engn & Informat Technol Tehran Iran

Network failure is categorized into the two types of software and hardware (physical layer) failure. This paper focuses on the physical layer failure in the wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs). actors play an important role in data processing, decision-making, and performing appropriate reactions. Single or multiple nodes failure of actors due to the explosion, energy depletion, or harsh environments, can cause multiple disjoint partitions. This paper has proposed a new computational intelligence-based connectivity restoration (CICR) method. It uses a combination of advanced computational intelligence methods to solve restoration problem. The proposed algorithm applies the novel enhanced Lagrangian relaxation with a novel metaheuristic sequential improved grey wolf optimizer (SIGWO) search space algorithm in simultaneous selection ofksponsor andppathway nodes. The reactive proposed method aims to reduce the travel distance or moving cost and communication cost. As a result, the restored network has minimum of topology change and energy consumption. In terms of total traveled distance, CICR has 37.19%, 71.47%, and 44.71% improvement in the single-node failure averagely in comparison with HCR, HCARE, and CMH, respectively. Also, it has an average of 61.54%, 40.1%, and 57.76% improvement in comparison with DCR, PRACAR, and RTN in multiple partitions resulted from multiple nodes failure, respectively. The reliability of CICR method has improved averagely by 35.85%, 38.46%, 22.03% over HCR, CMH, and HCARE in single-node failure. In multiple nodes failure, reliability of CICR has averagely 61.54% and 20% over DCR and PRACAR, respectively.

关键词： wireless sensor and actor networks Restoration Travel distance Distributed optimization process Partitioning

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On "Movement-Assisted Connectivity Restoration in wireless sensor and actor networks"

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 2011年第4期22卷 687-694页

作者： Wang, ShiGuang Mao, XuFei Tang, Shao-Jie Li, Xiang-Yang Zhao, JiZhong Dai, GuoJun IIT Dept Comp Sci Chicago IL 60616 USA Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Dept Comp Sci & Technol Xian 710049 Peoples R China Hangzhou Dianzi Univ Inst Comp Applicat Technol Hangzhou Zhejiang Peoples R China

In wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs), a set of static sensor nodes and a set of ( mobile) actor nodes form a network that performs distributed sensing and actuation tasks. In [1], Abbasi et al. presented DARA, a Distributed actor Recovery Algorithm, which restores the connectivity of the interactor network by efficiently relocating some mobile actors when failure of an actor happens. To restore 1 and 2-connectivity of the network, two algorithms are developed in [1]. Their basic idea is to find the smallest set of actors that needs to be repositioned to restore the required level of connectivity, with the objective to minimize the movement overhead of relocation. Here, we show that the algorithms proposed in [1] will not work smoothly in all scenarios as claimed and give counterexamples for some algorithms and theorems proposed in [1]. We then present a general actor relocation problem and propose methods that will work correctly for several subsets of the problems. Specifically, our method does result in an optimum movement strategy with minimum movement overhead for the problems studied in [1].

关键词： Connectivity restoration controlled node mobility fault tolerance wireless sensor and actor networks

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Application-level assessment of approaches to coordinate node mobility in wireless sensor and actor networks

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COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS 2010年第7期33卷 860-867页

作者： Lopez-Nores, Martin Pazos-Arias, Jose J. Garcia-Duque, Jorge Blanco-Fernandez, Yolanda Gil-Solla, Alberto Ramos-Cabrer, Manuel Diaz-Redondo, Rebeca P. Fernandez-Vilas, Ana Univ Vigo Dept Telemat Engn Vigo 36310 Pontevedra Spain

wireless networks of sensor and actor devices require a great deal of coordination to fulfil their objectives. This paper focuses on the dimension of actor actor coordination, that involves analyzing the data gathered by the sensors and deciding how to act on the environment Specifically, we tackle the open problem of considering the effects of actors' mobility on the communications needed for coordination. Firstly, we define three general approaches to bring mobility concerns into coordination, adapting solutions from the field of ad-hoc networking. Then, we assess the strengths and weaknesses of the three approaches through simulations of an autonomous robotic system in a representative application scenario, namely the extinction of forest fires. The results reveal trade-offs among performance, delays in communication, sensitiveness to timing and positioning imprecisions, and energy consumption. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： wireless sensor and actor networks Coordination Mobility Connectivity Performance evaluation

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Timing-Based Mobile sensor Localization in wireless sensor and actor networks

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MOBILE networks & APPLICATIONS 2010年第5期15卷 664-679页

作者： Shah, Ghalib A. Akan, Ozgur B. Middle E Tech Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Next Generat Wireless Commun Lab TR-06531 Ankara Turkey Natl Univ Sci & Technol Dept Comp Engn Rawalpindi Pakistan

In this paper, localization problem in wireless sensor and actor networks (WSAN) is addressed. In WSAN, the performance of event detection and tracking highly depends on the exact location information of the events that must be reported along with the event features. Having precise location information of the sensor nodes, actors are able to execute actions more effectively in the region of detected events. In this context, the accurate localization of sensor nodes is essential with respect to the actors. Particularly, the problem becomes much more complicated when the sensor nodes as well as the anchor nodes (actors) are mobile. In order to localize the mobile sensor nodes relative to the actors, a novel Timing-based Mobile sensor Localization (TMSL) algorithm is introduced. In TMSL, sensor nodes determine their distance from actors by using propagation time and speed of RF signal. In order to determine distance from the actors, actors actively broadcast reference beacons in a pattern of intervals adaptively defined according to the mobility of sensor nodes and the required level of localization accuracy. These reference beacons carry the interval numbers in which they were transmitted. The interval numbers are then used by the sensor nodes to calculate the start time of the beacons locally which is then used to determine the propagation time. TMSL does neither require nor assume any time synchronization among the sensor nodes or with the actors. Performance evaluations clearly show that TMSL is adaptive to velocity of mobile sensor and actor nodes and can be configured according to the required localization accuracy in order to avoid overhead raised due to high velocity.

关键词： timing-based localization wireless sensor and actor networks mobile sensor networks

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Communication and coordination in wireless sensor and actor networks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING 2007年第10期6卷 1116-1129页

作者： Melodia, Tommaso Pompili, Dario Gungor, Vehbi C. Akyildiz, Ian F. SUNY Buffalo Dept Elect Engn Buffalo NY 14260 USA Rutgers State Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Piscataway NJ 08854 USA Georgia Inst Technol Broadband & Wireless Networking Lab Atlanta GA 30332 USA

In this paper, coordination and communication problems in wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs) are jointly addressed in a unifying framework. A sensor-actor coordination model is proposed based on an event-driven partitioning paradigm. sensors are partitioned into different sets, and each set is constituted by a data-delivery tree associated with a different actor. The optimal solution for the partitioning strategy is determined by mathematical programming, and a distributed solution is proposed. In addition, a new model for the actor-actor coordination problem is introduced. The actor coordination is formulated as a task assignment optimization problem for a class of coordination problems in which the area to be acted upon needs to be optimally split among different actors. An auction-based distributed solution of the problem is also presented. Performance evaluation shows how global network objectives, such as compliance with real-time constraints and minimum energy consumption, can be achieved in the proposed framework with simple interactions between sensors and actors that are suitable for large-scale networks of energy-constrained devices.

关键词： wireless sensor and actor networks mathematical programming/optimization real-time communications energy efficiency task allocation

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SDN-Based Application Framework for wireless sensor and actor networks

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IEEE ACCESS 2016年 4卷 1583-1594页

作者： Zhou, Jianguo Jiang, Hao Wu, Jing Wu, Lihua Zhu, Chunsheng Li, Wenxiang Wuhan Univ Sch Elect Informat Wuhan 430072 Peoples R China Collaborat Innovat Ctr Geospatial Technol Wuhan 430079 Peoples R China Univ British Columbia Dept Elect & Comp Engn Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada Wuhan Univ Sci & Technol Sch Informat Sci & Engn Wuhan 430081 Peoples R China

As a promising platform for implementing various applications, a wireless sensor and actor network (WSAN) consists of many sensor and actor nodes that can cooperatively handle complex tasks. However, many issues, including nodes' mobility, the heterogeneity of capacity, topology, and energy consumption, may bring severe challenges to efficient WSAN operation. Currently, the software defined network (SDN) appears as a novel approach that is effective to manage and optimize networks in a programmable and centralized pattern. This paper studies the application framework and relevant methods for applying the SDN approach in a WSAN, with the objective of improving network's efficiency and scalability. The details of the framework include a three-layer structure, the relevant system entities, the enhanced protocol stack, and the programmable message types for cooperative communication and task execution among WSAN nodes. Based on this framework, this paper explores the relevant challenges and mechanisms for effective system management from many aspects, including mobility, energy saving, reliability maintenance, and topology construction. This paper also proposes an optimization method for scheduling decomposed tasks to relevant nodes, with an example implemented by the genetic algorithm. Next, this paper demonstrates the typical application scenarios, including military, industry, transportation, and environmental disaster monitoring. Moreover, an indoor application scenario and an outdoor application scenario are presented to demonstrate the application of the SDN-assisted communication handoff. Finally, the future trends and technical challenges for SDN in WSAN are discussed.

关键词： Software defined networks wireless sensor and actor networks scalability network management task scheduling protocol stack

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Clustering of wireless sensor and actor networks based on sensor distribution and connectivity

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JOURNAL OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING 2009年第6期69卷 573-587页

作者： Akkaya, Kemal Senel, Fatih McLaughlan, Brian So Illinois Univ Dept Comp Sci Carbondale IL 62901 USA

wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs) employ significantly more capable actor nodes that can collect data from sensors and perform application specific actions. To take these actions collaboratively at any spot in the monitored regions, maximal actor coverage along with inter-actor connectivity is desirable. In this paper, we propose a distributed actor positioning and clustering algorithm which employs actors as cluster-heads and places them in such a way that the coverage of actors is maximized and the data gathering and acting times are minimized. Such placement of actors is done by determining the k-hop Independent Dominating Set(IDS) of the underlying sensor network. Basically, before the actors are placed, the sensors pick the cluster-heads based on IDS. The actors are then placed at the locations of such cluster-heads. We further derive conditions to guarantee inter-actor connectivity after the clustering is performed. If inter-connectivity does not exist, the actors coordinate through the underlying sensors in their clusters to adjust their locations so that connectivity can be established. The performances of the proposed approaches are validated through simulations. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： wireless sensor and actor networks Clustering actor placement sensor distribution Connectivity Energy-efficiency Messaging overhead

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