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Multiobjective Optimized Deployment of Edge-Enabled wireless visual sensor networks for Target Coverage

IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 2023年第17期10卷 15325-15337页

作者： Zhu, Xiaojian Zhou, MengChu Changshu Inst Technol Sch Comp Sci & Engn Changshu 215500 Jiangsu Peoples R China Zhejiang Gongshang Univ Sch Informat & Elect Engn Hangzhou 310018 Peoples R China New Jersey Inst Technol Helen & John C Hartmann Dept Elect & Comp Engn Newark NJ 07102 USA

In wireless visual sensor networks, the generation and transmission of huge amounts of image data consume much energy of sensor nodes (SNs), and their routing and processing take quite a long time. It is of great importance to shorten event reporting delay (ERD) and prolong network lifetime, which can be achieved by the appropriate deployment of edge nodes (ENs) that can not only collect but also process data. This work investigates how to jointly optimize SN deployment, EN deployment, data routing, and data offloading to minimize the number of deployed SNs, the number of deployed ENs, and ERD and maximize network lifetime. We formulate this problem as a mixed-integer nonlinear program and propose a multiobjective differential evolution algorithm to solve it. A large number of simulation results demonstrate that it can deliver a more accurate Pareto set than the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm III.

关键词： sensors Delays Cameras Routing visualization Optimization Image edge detection Data offloading differential evolution (DE) multiobjective differential evolution (MODE) multiobjective optimization network deployment target coverage wireless sensor networks wireless visual sensor networks

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Energy-efficient compressive sensing for multi-target tracking in wireless visual sensor networks

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 2022年第16期35卷 e5307-e5307页

作者： Najimi, Maryam Sadeghi, Vahideh Sadat Univ Sci & Technol Mazandaran POB 48518-78195 Behshahr Iran Isfahan Univ Technol Golpayegan *** Isfahan Iran

wireless visual sensor networks (WVSN) have vital roles in surveillance applications. In these networks, wireless visual sensors include camera and transceiver module and collect visual information. However, energy consumption and coverage of the tracked targets are important challenges in WVSNs since increasing the coverage leads to increasing energy consumption. Therefore, energy optimization and satisfying the quality of experience (QoE) of the tracked targets are essential issues in these networks. In fact, the appropriate focal length setting leads to increasing the target coverage and quality of the captured targets' images and energy consumption. Therefore, selection of the suitable visual sensors and setting their focal length can overcome the energy consumption challenges and improve QoE of the tracked targets. In this case, compressive sensing is also expected to overcome the battery constraints of the WVSN resources. In this paper, the problem is to minimize the energy consumption of the multi-target tracking with high reliability, while the coverage and also the quality of the received image of the targets are satisfied by selection of the proper visual sensors and the focal length adjustment. The convex optimization method is used to solve the problem. Also, based on the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions, the optimal solution for the problem is obtained. Simulation results validate the efficiency of the proposed method in comparison with the other bench mark algorithms.

关键词： convex optimization energy efficiency KKT conditions target tracking wireless visual sensor networks

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Joint coding bit-rate and activity rate optimisation in wireless visual sensor networks

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IET COMMUNICATIONS 2020年第19期14卷 3428-3439页

作者： Kafafy, Mai Fahmy, Yasmine Cairo Univ Elect & Commun Engn Dept Giza 12613 Egypt

Optimising the coding bit-rates and activity rates of sensor nodes is essential for the functionality and survival of wireless sensor networks as these rates not only affect the amount of information collected by the network, but also affect its power consumption. This study proposes a framework for joint coding bit-rates and activity rates optimisation (CARO) of sensor nodes in wireless visual sensor networks under limited energy constraints. The framework uses the concept of accumulative visual information (AVI) as a measure of the amount of visual information collected from a sensor node. The authors propose two optimisation algorithms for the following two cases: (I) networks with predetermined operation time, where algorithm CARO I maximises the AVI of the network over its predetermined operation time. (II) Best effort networks, where algorithm CARO II maximises the network operation time under constraints on the collected visual information. Simulations show that optimising the rates using CARO maximises the AVI of the network and extends its operation time compared to the straightforward solution when all nodes have equal activity rates. This is because the authors' framework takes into consideration that different nodes in different locations may operate under different conditions and collect information of different significance.

关键词： wireless sensor networks image sensors optimisation codes equal activity rates visual information algorithm CARO II predetermined operation time optimisation algorithms AVI accumulative visual information activity rates optimisation wireless sensor networks sensor node coding bit-rates wireless visual sensor networks activity rate optimisation joint coding bit-rate

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A Survey on Monitoring Quality Assessment for wireless visual sensor networks

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FUTURE INTERNET 2022年第7期14卷 213页

作者： Jesus, Thiago C. Costa, Daniel G. Portugal, Paulo Vasques, Francisco Univ Porto Fac Engn Dept Elect & Comp Engn DEEC P-4200465 Porto Portugal State Univ Feira de Santana DTEC UEFS Dept Technol BR-44036900 Feira De Santana BA Brazil Univ Porto Fac Engn INEGI P-4200465 Porto Portugal Univ Porto Fac Engn INESC TEC P-4200465 Porto Portugal

wireless visual sensor networks have been adopted in different contexts to provide visual information in a more flexible and distributed way, supporting the development of different innovative applications. Although visual data may be central for a considerable set of applications in areas such as Smart Cities, Industry 4.0, and Vehicular networks, the actual visual data quality may be not easily determined since it may be associated with many factors that depend on the characteristics of the considered application scenario. This entails several aspects from the quality of captured images (sharpness, definition, resolution) to the characteristics of the networks such as employed hardware, power consumption, and networking efficiency. In order to better support quality analysis and performance comparisons among different wireless visual sensor networks, which could be valuable in many monitoring scenarios, this article surveys this area with special concern on assessment mechanisms and quality metrics. In this context, a novel classification approach is proposed to better categorize the diverse applicable metrics for quality assessment of visual monitoring procedures. Hence, this article yields a practical guide for analyzing different visual sensor network implementations, allowing fairer evaluations and comparisons among a variety of research works. Critical analysis are also performed regarding the relevance and usage of the proposed categories and identified quality metrics. Finally, promising open issues and research directions are discussed in order to guide new developments in this research field.

关键词： quality of monitoring dependability reliability availability wireless visual sensor networks visual sensing

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Moving Object Detection over wireless visual sensor networks using Spectral Dual Mode Background Subtraction

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED COMPUTER SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS 2022年第1期13卷 514-523页

作者： AbdelTawab, Ahmed M. Abdelhalim, M. B. Habib, S. E. D. Misr Univ Sci & Technol MUST Fac Engn Elect & Commun Dept Giza Egypt Arab Acad Sci & Technol & Maritime Transport Coll Comp & Informat Technol Cairo Egypt Cairo Univ Fac Engn Elect & Commun Dept Giza Egypt

wireless visual sensor networks (WVSN) play an essential role in tracking moving objects. WVSN's key drawbacks are storage, power, and bandwidth. Background subtraction is used in the early stages of target tracking to extract moving targets from video images. Many standard methods of subtracting backgrounds are no longer suitable for embedded devices because they use complex statistical models to manage small changes in lighting. This paper introduces a system based on the Partial Discrete Cosine Transform (PDCT), reducing the vast dimensions of processed data while retaining most of the important information, thereby reducing processing and transmission energy. It also uses a dual-mode single Gaussian model (SGM) for accurate detection of moving objects. The proposed system's performance is to be assessed using the standard CDnet 2014 benchmark dataset in terms of detection accuracy and time complexity. Furthermore, the suggested method is compared to previous WVSN background subtraction methods. Simulation results show that the proposed method consistently has 15% better accuracy and is up to 3 times faster than the state-of-the-art object detection methods for WVSN. Finally, we showed the practicality of the suggested method by simulating it in a sensor network environment using the Contiki OS Cooja Simulator and implementing it in a real testbed using Cortex M3 open nodes of IOT-LAB.

关键词： Background subtraction discrete cosine transform embedded camera networks Gaussian mixture models wireless visual sensor networks

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wireless visual sensor networks redeployment based on dependability optimization 17

Wireless visual sensor networks redeployment based on depend...

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17th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)

作者： Jesus, Thiago C. Costa, Daniel G. Portugal, Paulo Univ Porto FEUP Fac Engn Porto Portugal UEFS State Univ Feira de Santana DTEC Feira De Santana BA Brazil Univ Porto FEUP INESC TEC Porto Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9781728129273

wireless visual sensor networks (WVSN) bring a more comprehensive perception of monitored environments, leading to an increase adoption of such networks as a promising solution for a wide range of applications. Among many examples, highlight industrial applications related to the industry 4.0 paradigm, which increasingly require more data from manufacturing systems. Those sensor-based applications are in many cases safety-critical, requiring dependability guarantees mainly related with reliability and availability, that should be maintained during the whole network operation. Although several approaches have provided network deployment with dependability guarantees, sometimes the monitored environment or the application configurations can change during the network operation, which can violate the dependability requirements and demand network redeployment in order to keep those guarantees. In this paper we propose a novel algorithm to redeploy WVSN guided by the optimization of the application dependability, considering changes on cameras' orientations. A methodology is defined to support dependability analysis. We compare the results of the proposed algorithm with previous algorithms found in literature. The achieved results show that the proposed algorithm is useful and efficient to provide network redeployment, keeping or improving the application dependability.

关键词： wireless visual sensor networks Redeployment Dependability Availability Reliability

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A low-complexity DWT module and CRS minimal instruction set computer architecture for wireless visual sensor networks

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AD HOC AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING 2019年第2期30卷 73-90页

作者： Ong, Jia Jan Ijemaru, Gerald Ang, Li-Minn Seng, Kah Phooi Kong, Jia Hao Wong, Yee Wan Intel Corp George Town Malaysia Fed Univ OYE EKITI Dept Elect & Elect Engn Oye Ekiti Nigeria Charles Sturt Univ Sch Comp & Math North Wagga NSW 2678 Australia Univ Nottingham Fac Engn Semenyih 43200 Malaysia

Transmitting cost, processing complexity and data security are three important elements in wireless visual sensor networks (WVSNs). This paper presents a complete low-complexity processing system that performs data compression, data correction and data encryption. In this system, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) first decomposes the original image into DWT coefficients to ensure low transmitting cost, then the coefficients are encrypted using the Cauchy Reed Solomon CRS(20,16) coding scheme to ensure data security. A CRS minimal instruction set computer architecture with a DWT filtering module is proposed to perform the compression, encryption and error correction encoding in a low-complexity processing system. The proposed system is then implemented in a field programmable gated array (FPGA) to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system for implementation in WVSNs. Results on a Xilinx Spartan FPGA show that the proposed system requires a lower implementation complexity of 2536 slices as compared to other existing systems such as Crypto-Processor (4828 slices) and SPIHT CRS MISC (5017 slices).

关键词： WVSNs wireless visual sensor networks DWT discrete wavelet transform Cauchy Reed Solomon minimal instruction set computer

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An Energy-Delay Trade-Off in wireless visual sensor networks Based on Two-Sided Matching

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IEEE sensorS JOURNAL 2019年第21期19卷 10099-10110页

作者： Yuan, Duoning Yang, Xiaotao Jiang, Yanping Meng, Yinghui Northeastern Univ Sch Business Adm Shenyang 110819 Liaoning Peoples R China Northeastern Univ Sch Comp Sci & Engn Shenyang 110819 Liaoning Peoples R China Zhengzhou Univ Light Ind Sch Comp & Commun Engn Zhengzhou 450002 Henan Peoples R China

wireless visual sensor networks (WVSNs) comprise a large number of battery-powered visual sensors with limited processing and transmission capacity in the field of interest. Hence, energy conservation is an important issue in resource-constrained WVSNs. In-network data fusion, clustering networks has been proved to be an effective scheme in reducing energy consumption. However, in most clustering algorithms, clustering may introduce bottlenecks to WVSNs which bring extra delay in the processes of data collection and forwarding. Such delay can be reduced by the design of routing schemes. In this paper, we propose an approach of energy-delay trade-off (EDT) based on two-sided matching theory. First, we determine a balance clustering structure which can balance energy consumption and delay in random-densely-deployed WVSNs. Then, the problem formulation of EDT problem in the balance clustering structure is provided. Moreover, the transformation strategy based on two-sided matching (TS-TSM) is proposed. After the TS-TSM, the EDT problem is transformed into a stable two-sided matching (STSM) problem with single objective function and the computational complexity is reduced. Furthermore, most of floating-point operations in original EDT problem are converted into integer operations which are easy to parallel compute. Finally, an improved deferred-acceptance algorithm (IDAA) is provided to generate a stable matching solution as the EDT scheme. Evaluation results demonstrate that the EDT approach can reduce delay in data aggregation processes and keep the total energy consumption at low levels. Further simulations show that the EDT approach is a fast approach, and it is not inferior to the existing algorithms.

关键词： wireless sensor networks sensors Cameras Delays Periodic structures visualization Energy consumption Energy-delay trade-off two-sided matching stable matching wireless visual sensor networks

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Coverage Degree-Coverage Model in wireless visual sensor networks

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IEEE wireless COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2019年第3期8卷 817-820页

作者： Yang, Xiaotao Wen, Yingyou Yuan, Duoning Zhang, Mingyang Zhao, Hong Meng, Yinghui Northeastern Univ Sch Comp Sci & Engn Shenyang 110819 Liaoning Peoples R China Northeastern Univ Minist Educ Secur Protect Complex Networks & Syst Engn Res Ctr Shenyang 110819 Liaoning Peoples R China Neusoft Corp Res Ctr Safety Engn Technol Ind Control Liaoning Shenyang 110179 Liaoning Peoples R China Northeastern Univ Sch Business Adm Shenyang 110819 Liaoning Peoples R China Zhengzhou Univ Light Ind Sch Comp & Commun Engn Zhengzhou 450002 Henan Peoples R China

This letter introduces our initial results of target coverage model in wireless visual sensor networks (WVSNs). In this letter, we develop the Q-coverage model for target detection which is a basis application in WVSNs, and propose a novel coverage degree (CD)-coverage model. First, we present a new concept of CD-coverage and formulate the CD-coverage problem. Further, we propose a harmony search-based coverage-enhancing (HS-CE) approach to obtain an approximate optimal solution for the CD-coverage problem. The extensive simulations show the validity of CD-coverage model and HS-CE approach.

关键词： Coverage degree-coverage model Q-coverage target detection wireless visual sensor networks

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An Availability Metric and Optimization Algorithms for Simultaneous Coverage of Targets and Areas by wireless visual sensor networks 17

An Availability Metric and Optimization Algorithms for Simul...

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17th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)

作者： Costa, Daniel G. Rangel, Elivelton Peixoto, Joao Paulo J. Jesus, Thiago C. State Univ Feira de Santana Dept Technol Feira De Santana BA Brazil State Univ Feira de Santana Appl Comp Grad Program Feira De Santana BA Brazil Fed Inst Bahia Valenca Brazil Univ Porto Dept Elect & Comp Engn Porto Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9781728129273

The maturation of wireless visual sensor networks (WVSN) in the last years, with new communication technologies and continuous releasing of embedded hardware development platforms, has significantly enlarged the number and relevance of visual monitoring applications, better supporting smart city and Internet of Things initiatives. However, there are still several challenges to be addressed, especially when visual sensors are used for critical monitoring. When availability issues are addressed in WVSN, different metrics and algorithms can be employed, but such approaches are usually focused on a single coverage goal. Actually, some monitoring applications may want to simultaneously optimize coverage over targets and areas alike, which requires an appropriate perception of the level of availability of the application at any given time. In this context, this article proposes a new availability metric for WVSN, considering that all targets and areas should be optimally and simultaneously covered by the cameras. In addition, optimization algorithms are proposed and compared, aiming at improving the availability of applications when rotatable visual sensors are employed.

关键词： wireless visual sensor networks Availability Coverage Targets Areas

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