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wireless visual sensor networks for smart city applications: A relevance-based approach for multiple sinks mobility

FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ESCIENCE 2017年 76卷 51-62页

作者： Just Peixoto, Joao Paulo Costa, Daniel G. Univ Estadual Feira de Santana PGCA UEFS Feira De Santana Brazil

Nowadays, the major cities of the world have to solve problems that were unthinkable in past decades. Due to the population growing rate, new issues are still arising, but technology can be used to address such issues and improve life quality in big cities. In that scenario, surveillance is a highly desired service and most governments are already using different types of devices to provide high levels of security. wireless visual sensor networks (WVSN) can be used to monitor every part of a city without the cost of running cables all over it. However, there must be an efficient way to gather all information collected by the sensors and cameras, with reduced energy consumption and average latency. This work proposes a new algorithm to position multiple mobile sinks in WVSN deployed along roads and streets. A relevance based approach was designed to position sinks closer to source nodes with higher sensing relevance, since they are expected to transmit more data packets. The proposed algorithm can detect forbidden and disconnected zones, making sure sinks will be positioned in permitted areas, which makes this approach very suitable for realistic smart city applications. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Multiple sinks Sink positioning Smart cities wireless visual sensor networks

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wireless visual sensor networks Energy Optimization With Maintaining Image Quality

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IEEE sensorS JOURNAL 2017年第13期17卷 4056-4066页

作者： Ghazalian, Reza Aghagolzadeh, Ali Andargoli, Seyed Mehdi Hosseini Babol Noshirvani Univ Technol Fac Elect & Comp Engn Babol Sar *** Iran

Technology development caused progressing in wireless visual sensor networks (WVSN). The WVSN is a directional type of sensor network. In these networks, the energy consumption optimization isone of the important challenges. These types of sensor network provide more information than the others. In this paper, we optimize the energy consumption with maintaining the received image quality. To find a solution for this problem, we propose a new camera selection algorithm for target tracking applications. Also, we present a new formula for image quality. This formula calculates the number of bits required to display pixels of the captured image. This image is captured from a target under tracking. The required calculation is done according to the distance between the target and tracker camera. In this paper, the desired constraints are satisfied in our camera node selection proposed algorithm. The proper modeling and solving the problem as a convex problem are used. Simulation results show the properness of the used modeling. Also, we compare the accuracy and the energy consumption of the proposed algorithm with the algorithms, which select the camera node based on the shortest distance from the target under tracking.

关键词： wireless visual sensor networks camera node selection focal length field of view depth of field convex optimization quality of received image

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wireless visual sensor networks redeployment based on dependability optimization 17

Wireless visual sensor networks redeployment based on depend...

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17th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)

作者： Jesus, Thiago C. Costa, Daniel G. Portugal, Paulo Univ Porto FEUP Fac Engn Porto Portugal UEFS State Univ Feira de Santana DTEC Feira De Santana BA Brazil Univ Porto FEUP INESC TEC Porto Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9781728129273

wireless visual sensor networks (WVSN) bring a more comprehensive perception of monitored environments, leading to an increase adoption of such networks as a promising solution for a wide range of applications. Among many examples, highlight industrial applications related to the industry 4.0 paradigm, which increasingly require more data from manufacturing systems. Those sensor-based applications are in many cases safety-critical, requiring dependability guarantees mainly related with reliability and availability, that should be maintained during the whole network operation. Although several approaches have provided network deployment with dependability guarantees, sometimes the monitored environment or the application configurations can change during the network operation, which can violate the dependability requirements and demand network redeployment in order to keep those guarantees. In this paper we propose a novel algorithm to redeploy WVSN guided by the optimization of the application dependability, considering changes on cameras' orientations. A methodology is defined to support dependability analysis. We compare the results of the proposed algorithm with previous algorithms found in literature. The achieved results show that the proposed algorithm is useful and efficient to provide network redeployment, keeping or improving the application dependability.

关键词： wireless visual sensor networks Redeployment Dependability Availability Reliability

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Enhancing the availability of wireless visual sensor networks: Selecting redundant nodes in networks with occlusion

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APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING 2017年 42卷 223-243页

作者： Costa, Daniel G. Vasques, Francisco Portugal, Paulo State Univ Feira de Santana DTEC UEFS Feira De Santana BA Brazil Univ Porto INEGI FEUP P-4100 Oporto Portugal Univ Porto INESC TEC FEUP P-4100 Oporto Portugal

Availability is a major design issue that should play an important role when deploying and operating wireless sensor networks, specially for critical monitoring applications. Actually, sensing redundancy can be exploited to enhance the attainable availability level of sensor networks, since redundant nodes can replace faulty nodes. When employing camera enabled sensors, the perception of sensing redundancy is considerably changed" when compared to scalar sensors, with direct impact on network availability. In such way, some characteristics as deployment density, viewing angle and sensing range should be properly evaluated in wireless visual sensor networks, in order to better estimate the network availability. Nevertheless, when deploying visual sensors on occluded environments, viewed areas and resulted overlapping may be significantly altered, redefining sensing redundancy. We then propose an algorithm to automatically select redundant nodes in wireless visual sensor networks deployed on areas with occlusion, according to network configurations and application availability requirements. Additionally, an algorithm to adjust cameras' orientations in occluded environments is also proposed. Mathematical assessment of the proposed algorithms are performed, allowing the discussion of how parameters of deployed networks can influence applications monitoring availability. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： wireless sensor networks wireless visual sensor networks Availability Sensing redundancy Occlusion

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Reduction in encoding redundancy for overlapped FOVs over wireless visual sensor networks

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING 2016年 50卷 135-149页

作者： Kim, Seonghyun Lee, Hyungkeuk Jeon, Donghyun Lee, Sanghoon Yonsei Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Multidimens Insight Lab 134 Sinchon Dong Seoul 120749 South Korea

With an increase in the capabilities of sensors, wireless visual sensor networks (WVSNs) are being researched to perform more complicated tasks as each visual sensor performs video capture, processing and sharing. Because each visual sensor operates by using its own resources including computation and communication under a limited power supply, it is necessary to develop an energy management scheme suitable for WVSNs. In particular, when multiple camera modules of visual sensors are aimed at some regions with different fields of views (FOVs), undesirable power consumption for encoding may occur among distributed visual sensors. Because some overlapped FOVs among captured images give rise to encoding redundancy, this leads to an increase in data quantity and power consumption for the encoding and communication. To resolve this problem, in this paper, we present a novel strategy for lifetime maximization of the WVSN. In order to estimate overlapped FOVs without using complicated procedures such as pattern or object recognition, we propose a geographical model to estimate overlapped FOVs based on location and visual direction. Based on this model, the power-rate-distortion (P-R-D) is determined and used to construct an optimization problem for minimizing the power consumption of each node. Through the proposed scheme, including distributed power allocation and node scheduling under simple information sharing, the network lifetime is maximized. Numerical results demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithm. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： wireless visual sensor networks Overlapped field of view (FOV) Power consumption Power-rate-distortion Residual energy

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3-D Compression-Oriented Image Content Correlation Model for wireless visual sensor networks

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IEEE sensorS JOURNAL 2018年第15期18卷 6461-6471页

作者： Yang, Xiaotao Wen, Yingyou Yuan, Duoning Zhang, Mingyang Zhao, Hong Meng, Yinghui Northeastern Univ Sch Comp Sci & Engn Shenyang 110819 Liaoning Peoples R China Northeastern Univ Engn Res Ctr Minist Educ Secur Protect Complex Networks & Syst Shenyang 110819 Liaoning Peoples R China Neusoft Grp Res Res Ctr Safety Engn Technol Ind Control Liaoning Shenyang 110179 Liaoning Peoples R China Northeastern Univ Sch Business Adm Shenyang 110819 Liaoning Peoples R China Zhengzhou Univ Light Ind Sch Comp & Commun Engn Zhengzhou 450002 Henan Peoples R China

wireless visual sensor networks (WVSNs) comprise a large number of camera-equipped visual sensors, which are often deployed densely to gain enhanced observations in field of interest. Therefore, there exists abundant image redundancy caused by the image content correlation (ICC) between cameras with the overlapped field of views (FoVs). Image compression is an important method to remove the image redundancy. Aiming at the problem of image compression, this paper designs a 3-D compression-oriented ICC (3D-COICC) model for WVSNs to quantitatively describe the ICC characteristics. First, the 3-D sensing model is developed by providing an improved method for the calculation of FoVs. After that, the 3D-COICC model is proposed by comparing the difference between foreshortening effects for one observed object, and then an algorithm of 3D-ICC is provided to estimate the ICC value. Furthermore, a scheme of correlation-based compression (CBC) is proposed to remove the redundancy of content between transmitted images, and thus the communication data are compressed. Where, an algorithm of image block restoration is provided to realize the transformation between two image blocks with the same pre-image. Evaluation results demonstrate that the developed 3-D sensing model can accurately depict the FoV of camera, and the 3D-COICC model outperforms the state of the art in accuracy. Further simulations show that the CBC scheme based on the 3D-COICC model is an effective method to remove the image content redundancy and improve the compression ratio.

关键词： Image content correlation model developed 3D sensing model image block restoration distributed image compression protocol wireless visual sensor networks

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Energy efficient camera node activation control in multi-tier wireless visual sensor networks

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wireless networks 2013年第5期19卷 725-740页

作者： Aghdasi, Hadi S. Nasseri, Sara Abbaspour, Maghsoud Shahid Beheshti Univ Fac Elect & Comp Engn Dept Comp Engn Wireless Networking LabGC Tehran *** Iran

Multi-tier topology model is an appropriate choice to accomplish the application-specific tasks in many wireless visual sensor networks. In a general multi-tier architecture, the first tier is composed of scalar nodes. This tier activates the camera nodes of the second tier within its communication range only when it is necessary. However, in many cases the activated camera nodes do not detect any events because of the directionality of their sensing range. In this paper, we present field of view clustering as a new clustering method to reduce the unneeded visual activations of camera nodes and overcome the waste of energy. We also improve this clustering method by presenting a solution named Random Neglect. As the simulation results indicate, our proposed solutions are successful in saving the energy of camera nodes and prolonging network lifetime while providing high detection performance.

关键词： wireless visual sensor networks Multi-tier network topology model Energy efficiency Camera nodes Clustering protocols

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A low-complexity DWT module and CRS minimal instruction set computer architecture for wireless visual sensor networks

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AD HOC AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING 2019年第2期30卷 73-90页

作者： Ong, Jia Jan Ijemaru, Gerald Ang, Li-Minn Seng, Kah Phooi Kong, Jia Hao Wong, Yee Wan Intel Corp George Town Malaysia Fed Univ OYE EKITI Dept Elect & Elect Engn Oye Ekiti Nigeria Charles Sturt Univ Sch Comp & Math North Wagga NSW 2678 Australia Univ Nottingham Fac Engn Semenyih 43200 Malaysia

Transmitting cost, processing complexity and data security are three important elements in wireless visual sensor networks (WVSNs). This paper presents a complete low-complexity processing system that performs data compression, data correction and data encryption. In this system, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) first decomposes the original image into DWT coefficients to ensure low transmitting cost, then the coefficients are encrypted using the Cauchy Reed Solomon CRS(20,16) coding scheme to ensure data security. A CRS minimal instruction set computer architecture with a DWT filtering module is proposed to perform the compression, encryption and error correction encoding in a low-complexity processing system. The proposed system is then implemented in a field programmable gated array (FPGA) to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system for implementation in WVSNs. Results on a Xilinx Spartan FPGA show that the proposed system requires a lower implementation complexity of 2536 slices as compared to other existing systems such as Crypto-Processor (4828 slices) and SPIHT CRS MISC (5017 slices).

关键词： WVSNs wireless visual sensor networks DWT discrete wavelet transform Cauchy Reed Solomon minimal instruction set computer

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Joint coding bit-rate and activity rate optimisation in wireless visual sensor networks

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IET COMMUNICATIONS 2020年第19期14卷 3428-3439页

作者： Kafafy, Mai Fahmy, Yasmine Cairo Univ Elect & Commun Engn Dept Giza 12613 Egypt

Optimising the coding bit-rates and activity rates of sensor nodes is essential for the functionality and survival of wireless sensor networks as these rates not only affect the amount of information collected by the network, but also affect its power consumption. This study proposes a framework for joint coding bit-rates and activity rates optimisation (CARO) of sensor nodes in wireless visual sensor networks under limited energy constraints. The framework uses the concept of accumulative visual information (AVI) as a measure of the amount of visual information collected from a sensor node. The authors propose two optimisation algorithms for the following two cases: (I) networks with predetermined operation time, where algorithm CARO I maximises the AVI of the network over its predetermined operation time. (II) Best effort networks, where algorithm CARO II maximises the network operation time under constraints on the collected visual information. Simulations show that optimising the rates using CARO maximises the AVI of the network and extends its operation time compared to the straightforward solution when all nodes have equal activity rates. This is because the authors' framework takes into consideration that different nodes in different locations may operate under different conditions and collect information of different significance.

关键词： wireless sensor networks image sensors optimisation codes equal activity rates visual information algorithm CARO II predetermined operation time optimisation algorithms AVI accumulative visual information activity rates optimisation wireless sensor networks sensor node coding bit-rates wireless visual sensor networks activity rate optimisation joint coding bit-rate

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Analytical framework for adaptive compressive sensing for target detection within wireless visual sensor networks

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2018年第13期77卷 16533-16559页

作者： Fayed, Salema Youssef, Sherin M. El-Helw, Amr Patwary, Mohammad Moniri, Mansour AAST Comp Engn Dept Coll Engn & Technol Alexandria Egypt AAST Coll Engn & Technol Elect & Commun Dept Alexandria Egypt Birmingham City Univ Sch Comp & Digital Technol Birmingham B47XG W Midlands England Univ East London Sch Architecture Comp & Engn London England

wireless visual sensor networks (WVSNs) are composed of a large number of visual sensor nodes covering a specific geographical region. This paper addresses the target detection problem within WVSNs where visual sensor nodes are left unattended for long-term deployment. As battery energy is a critical issue it is always challenging to maximize the network's lifetime. In order to reduce energy consumption, nodes undergo cycles of active-sleep periods that save their battery energy by switching sensor nodes ON and OFF, according to predefined duty cycles. Moreover, adaptive compressive sensing is expected to dynamically reduce the size of transmitted data through the wireless channel, saving communication bandwidth and consequently saving energy. This paper derives for the first time an analytical framework for selecting node's duty cycles and dynamically choosing the appropriate compression rates for the captured images and videos based on their sparsity nature. This reduces energy waste by reaching the maximum compression rate for each dataset without compromising the probability of detection. Experiments were conducted on different standard datasets resembling different scenes;indoor and outdoor, for single and multiple targets detection. Moreover, datasets were chosen with different sparsity levels to investigate the effect of sparsity on the compression rates. Results showed that by selecting duty cycles and dynamically choosing the appropriate compression rates, the desired performance of detection can be achieved with adaptive CS and at the same time saving energy, where the proposed framework results in an 70% on average energy saving as compared to transmitting the captured image without CS.

关键词： Compressive sensing Duty cycles Target detection wireless visual sensor networks

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