[Auto Generated] CONTROL, CLOSED-LOOP An operation where the computer applies control action directly to the process without manual inter vention. See Closed Loop. CONVERSION (1) Changing the form of representation of...
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[Auto Generated] CONTROL, CLOSED-LOOP An operation where the computer applies control action directly to the process without manual inter vention. See Closed Loop. CONVERSION (1) Changing the form of representation of infor mation, such as from the language of one type of magnetic tape to that of another. (2) The process of changing the information and (sometimes) methods of a data processing operation to a differ ent method. For instance, we speak of conversion from tabulating equipment to comp
A phase subdivision of absolute coding grating is proposed to improve the resolution and precision of displacement measurement. The used grating consists of multiple code channel grating of Gray code, and the basic co...
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A phase subdivision of absolute coding grating is proposed to improve the resolution and precision of displacement measurement. The used grating consists of multiple code channel grating of Gray code, and the basic code channel is high frequency Rochi grating. Fourier analysis method is adopted to extract the phase value of grating in decoding, and the wrapped phase distribution of basic code channel is obtained by Fourier transform, filtering, and inverse Fourier transform, then the unwrapped phase distribution could be recovered using the phase order information of Gray code. High resolution of phase subdivision can be achieved via linear fitting of phase distribution. Analysis of the basic principle and the subdivision of the phase to improve the resolution of displacement measurement have also been described in this paper. Experimental results show that the resolution and precision of absolute coding grating is enhanced greatly after phase subdivision and calibration. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the Organising Committee of the ICOPEN 2011 conference
A phase subdivision of absolute coding grating is proposed to improve the resolution and precision of displacement measurement. The used grating consists of multiple code channel grating of Gray code, and the basic co...
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A phase subdivision of absolute coding grating is proposed to improve the resolution and precision of displacement measurement. The used grating consists of multiple code channel grating of Gray code, and the basic code channel is high frequency Rochi grating. Fourier analysis method is adopted to extract the phase value of grating in decoding, and the wrapped phase distribution of basic code channel is obtained by Fourier transform, filtering, and inverse Fourier transform, then the unwrapped phase distribution could be recovered using the phase order information of Gray code. High resolution of phase subdivision can be achieved via linear fitting of phase distribution. Analysis of the basic principle and the subdivision of the phase to improve the resolution of displacement measurement have also been described in this paper. Experimental results show that the resolution and precision of absolute coding grating is enhanced greatly after phase subdivision and calibration.
Faces all have the same basic elements in the same overall arrangement, and must be discriminated using variations in this shared configuration. An efficient way to represent these variations would be to code how each...
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Faces all have the same basic elements in the same overall arrangement, and must be discriminated using variations in this shared configuration. An efficient way to represent these variations would be to code how each configuration differs from an average face (norm-based coding model). Alternatively, configurations could be represented simply by coding their absolute values in some coordinate system (absolute coding model). The two models differ in the variables they predict will influence an images recognizability. absolute coding predicts that recognizability will depend on an image's distinctiveness and degree of distortion from its veridical target. Norm-based coding predicts that recognizability will also depend on the way the image differs from a norm or average face, namely its distance from the norm and/or its degree of displacement from the norm-deviation vector for the target. We determined the effects of these four critical variables on recognition of undistorted (veridical) images, caricatures, anticaricatures and 'lateral' distortions of famous faces (Experiment 1), newly learned faces (Experiment 2), and simple shapes that also share a configuration (Experiment 2). The results favored absolute coding of both faces and shapes, and indicate that caricatures derive their power from their distinctiveness. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Valentine's (Valentine T. Q J Exp Psychol 1991;43A:161-204) face recognition framework supports both a norm-based coding (NBC) and an exemplar-only, absolute coding, model (ABC). According to NBC;(1) faces are rep...
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Valentine's (Valentine T. Q J Exp Psychol 1991;43A:161-204) face recognition framework supports both a norm-based coding (NBC) and an exemplar-only, absolute coding, model (ABC). According to NBC;(1) faces are represented in terms of deviations from a prototype or norm;(2) caricatures are effective because they exaggerate this norm deviation information;and (3) other-race faces are coded relative to the (only available) own-race norm. Therefore NBC predicts that, for European subjects, caricatures of Chinese faces made by distorting differences from the European norm would be more effective than caricatures made relative to the Chinese norm. According to ABC;(1) faces are encoded as absolute values on a set of shared dimensions with the norm playing no role in recognition;(2) caricatures are effective because they minimise exemplar density and (3) the dimensions of face-space are inappropriate for other-race faces leaving them relatively densely clustered. ABC predicts that all faces would be recognised more accurately when caricatured against their own-race norm. We tested European subjects' identification of European and Chinese faces, caricatured against both race norms. The ABC model's prediction was supported. European faces were also rated as more distinctive and recognised more easily than Chinese faces. However, the own-race recognition bias held even when the races were equated for distinctiveness which suggests that the ABC model may not provide a complete account of race effects in recognition. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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