grid integration of photovoltaic (PV) inverters has been increasing in the past decade. As a result of the uncertainties introduced with high penetrations of PV, better monitoring and control of the PV inverters becom...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728104942
grid integration of photovoltaic (PV) inverters has been increasing in the past decade. As a result of the uncertainties introduced with high penetrations of PV, better monitoring and control of the PV inverters becomes crucial for improving overall system stability. This paper focuses on the communications capability of the inverter controller and on enabling interoperability. Multiple standards are available to enable interoperability in PV inverters. In this paper, an interoperable controller, enabled by Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3) communications protocols, is developed for a grid connected, three-phase PV inverter. The DNP3 server for the PV inverter is programmed on the real-time layer of the field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based inverter controller. Set points for advanced inverter control functions, such as volt/VAr curves, ride-through curves, are sent from a DNP3 client, a simulated distribution management system application, to the PV inverter through DNP3. This communications capability of the inverter controller is validated using a controller-hardware in-the-loop experimental setup. The code developed to achieve the interoperability is available in the public domain through open-source software licensing. This interoperability will enable smoother grid integration of smart PV inverters with advanced grid-support functions as well as allow better monitoring and control of PV inverters for grid stability.
With increasing penetrations of inverter-based, renewable energy resources on electrical grids around the world, new distributed energy resource (DER) interconnection and interoperability requirements have been introd...
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With increasing penetrations of inverter-based, renewable energy resources on electrical grids around the world, new distributed energy resource (DER) interconnection and interoperability requirements have been introduced to address emerging power system operator needs. The inverter-based power conversion systems are capable of communicating with grid operators, providing voltage and frequency support, and supporting the grid during faults. However, DER vendors are under pressure to quickly and reliably update the interoperability and electrical capabilities of their equipment for different jurisdictions with the rapidly changing landscape of disparate codes and standards. The necessary power hardware required for testing power systems under the wide variety of operational conditions may be untenable for many organizations. Therefore, we introduce an approach for the concurrent development of controls and application software through a controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) testbed integrated with an automated testing platform that allows for the cost-effective, flexible evaluation of advancedgridsupportfunctions without the need for large and expensive power hardware. We show this CHIL capability through the demonstration and automation of interconnection tests with a 34.5 kW Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) smart grid converter (SGC) connected to a Typhoon HIL system. We have demonstrated the CHIL system with regards to connect/disconnect, active power curtailment, fixed power factor, reactive power control, volt-var, and frequency-watt advancedgrid functionality tests. For all tests, the automated CHIL testing protocols for advancedfunctions were sufficient to demonstrate and evaluate the gridsupport behavior of the equipment under test.
The recent advent of wide bandgap power semiconductor devices will lay the path for future power converters. These devices provide the advantage of high switching speed and lower losses. The high cost and high switchi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509066841
The recent advent of wide bandgap power semiconductor devices will lay the path for future power converters. These devices provide the advantage of high switching speed and lower losses. The high cost and high switching speeds of these devices provide a challenge in the development and validation of the fast-switching inverter controls with accuracy comparable to that of a hardware setup. In this paper, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) real-time simulator-based controller-hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) testbed is used to verify the low-level and advanced inverter controls for fast-switching wide bandgap-based photovoltaic string inverter. The paper also includes development of the CHIL testbed, which is run at a time step of 500 ns in order to implement 20-kHz switching frequency. The developed CHIL testbed is validated through experimental results from a three-phase, 50-kW, 480-V-LLrms SiC device-based inverter.
The future power grid will involve increasing numbers of power converters while growing the complexity of the power systems. The future of the power converters is driven by developments in the wide-bandgap semiconduct...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479973125
The future power grid will involve increasing numbers of power converters while growing the complexity of the power systems. The future of the power converters is driven by developments in the wide-bandgap semiconductor devices. In this paper, a 50-kW string photovoltaic (PV) inverter designed and developed using all silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductor devices is presented. The inverter design includes an additively manufactured power block, symmetrical Y-core inductors for the ac-side filter, and advanced inverter controls for gridsupport functionality. This inverter uses the conventional three-phase voltage source inverter topology and optimizes the design for SiC-based devices. The paper includes details on power module design, heatsink optimization, symmetrical Y-core filter inductor design, inverter thermal design, and further experimental validation of the inverter performance. In addition to presenting the quantification of inverter efficiency and quality of the output, the paper presents the validation of advanced grid-support functions required by the IEEE 1547 standards for the interconnection of distributed energy resources.
As advanced grid-support functions (AGF) become more widely used in grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters, utilities are increasingly interested in their impacts when implemented in the field. These effects can b...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538622124
As advanced grid-support functions (AGF) become more widely used in grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters, utilities are increasingly interested in their impacts when implemented in the field. These effects can be understood by modeling feeders in real-time simulators and test PV inverters using power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) techniques. This paper presents a novel feeder model reduction algorithm using a ruin & reconstruct methodology that enables large feeders to be solved and operated on real-time computing platforms. Two Hawaiian Electric feeder models in Synergi Electric's load flow software were converted to reduced order models in OpenDSS, and subsequently implemented in the OPAL-RT real-time digital testing platform. Smart PV inverters were added to the real-time model with AGF responses modeled after characterizing commercially available hardware inverters. Finally, hardware inverters were tested in conjunction with the real-time model using PHIL techniques so that the effects of AGFs on the feeders could be analyzed.
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