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SVC-MST BWQLB multicast over software-defined networking

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERNET PROTOCOL TECHNOLOGY 2023年第4期16卷 204-216页

作者： Werapun, Warodom Suaboot, Jakapan Tantisarkhornkhet, Piyawit Thaenthong, Jirawat Prince Songkla Univ Coll Comp Kathu Phuket Thailand

This paper presents a Scalable video coding (SVC) system over multicast Software-Defined Networking (SDN), which focuses on, transmission management for the sender-receiver model. Our approach reduces bandwidth usage by allowing the receiver to select various video resolutions in a multicast group, which helps avoid a video freezing issue during bandwidth congestion. Moreover, the SVC Multiple Sessions Transmission Bandwidth thresholds Quantised Level Balance (SVC-MST BWQLB) routes different layers of the SVC stream using distinct paths and reduces storage space and bandwidth congestion problems in different video resolutions. The experimental results show that the proposed model provides better display quality than the traditional Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing technique. Furthermore, it reduced transmission delays by up to 66.64% for grouped resolutions compared to SVC-Single Session Transmission (SVC-SST). Additionally, the modified Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) header and the sorting buffer for SVC-MST are proposed to deal with the defragmentation problem.

关键词： software-defined networking advanced video coding scalable video coding multicast multi-session transmission

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Optimal Cost Modeling Scheme for Efficient Intra-Prediction Mode in video Compression

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SN Computer Science 2023年第4期4卷 352页

作者： Kumari, R. D. Anitha Udupa, A. Narendranath School of Electronics and Communication REVA University Karnataka Bengaluru India Philips Research Karnataka Bengaluru India

It can be seen that the success rate of the video compression standard H.264 is quite high owing to its wide range of adoption. However, the legacy version of video compression techniques built on the top of H.264 might ensure reduced bitrate while preserving the quality of the reconstructed video signal to some extent, but it is achieved at the price of compression complexity. Our investigation reveals that H.264 achieves higher compression efficiency with MPEG files but does not ensure optimized performance for intra-prediction mode decision with rate distortion. The prime reason lies into less emphasis on redesigning the encoder with optimized cost function which could improvise the performance of existing Lagrangian cost function (LCF). This area of research was explored and accentuated in many studies but still very few talked in a favor to comprehend the cost optimization performance for encoding I-frame and P-frame in MPEG videos. Unlike existing literature, the study found scope of redesigning the H.264-based encoder module considering the baseline of LCF and in addition introduces a novel cost function to optimize the flow of execution of encoding. In this regard, a computational framework is introduced for realizing the numerical modeling integrating both LCF and proposed CF for H.264 intra-prediction mode decision. The novelty of this system is that it does not have dependency on the operations of entropy coding during rate-distortion (RD) optimization and this approach positively impacts on the computing performance of the system. The evaluated performance outcome shows a detailed comparison between both the methods on the basis of peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), bit-error rate (bit/s) and encoding time (s). Unlike LCF, the outcome of the study claims its effectiveness in maintaining a well-balanced performance between reconstructed signal quality and encoding time. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： advanced video coding Intra-prediction mode decision Lagrangian cost Optimization video compression

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Multi-directional Mode Reduction Algorithm for Intra Prediction in video coding

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IETE TECHNICAL REVIEW 2017年第1期34卷 102-109页

作者： Tsai, An Chao Bharanitharan, K. Tajen Univ Dept Digital Multimedia Design Pingtong Taiwan Hanyang Univ Dept Elect Engn Seoul South Korea

The recent digital video-coding standard achieves very high data compression by using several new coding features, such as intra/inter predictions, variable block size motion compensation, multiple motion vectors, quarter pixel for motion compensation and so on. Among all the features, one of the key features is intra prediction, which is based on the rate-distortion optimization (RDO) procedure that requires a true encoding of the intra block by trying all intra prediction modes. In this paper, we propose a multi-directional mode reduction (MDMR) algorithm using the prediction error to reduce the number of coding modes required for the RDO procedure. The proposed MDMR algorithm effectively estimates the prediction error of the block to narrow down the predictive modes to reduce RDO computation. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves a time reduction of more than 64% with negligible PSNR loss and bitrate increment.

关键词： advanced video coding Edge detection H.264/AVC Inter prediction Intra prediction Motion estimation Prediction error

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Context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding with precise probability estimation and complexity scalability for high-efficiency video coding

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2016年第1期25卷 1-16页

作者： Karwowski, Damian Domanski, Marek Poznan Univ Tech PL-60965 Poznan Poland

An improved context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) is presented. The idea for the improvement is to use a more accurate mechanism for estimation of symbol probabilities in the standard CABAC algorithm. The authors' proposal of such a mechanism is based on the context-tree weighting technique. In the framework of a high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) video encoder, the improved CABAC allows 0.7% to 4.5% bitrate saving compared to the original CABAC algorithm. The application of the proposed algorithm marginally affects the complexity of HEVC video encoder, but the complexity of video decoder increases by 32% to 38%. In order to decrease the complexity of video decoding, a new tool has been proposed for the improved CABAC that enables scaling of the decoder complexity. Experiments show that this tool gives 5% to 7.5% reduction of the decoding time while still maintaining high efficiency in the data compression. (C) 2016 SPIE and IS&T

关键词： video compression advanced video coding high-efficiency video coding entropy coding context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding improved context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding

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Direction-Adaptive Motion Estimation (DAME) for Efficient video Compression

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IETE TECHNICAL REVIEW 2016年第3期33卷 231-243页

作者： Singh, Deepak Meher, Sukadev Natl Inst Technol Dept Elect & Commun Engn Rourkela Odisha India

Motion estimation (ME) is widely accepted as an effective tool in video coding to reduce temporal correlation between frames and yields significant improvement in compression gain while sustaining the picture quality. Among various ME schemes, block-matching motion estimation (BMME) is the most popular approach due to its simplicity and efficiency. The BMME algorithms use search patterns to find out the best matched block. However, a single search pattern does not prove efficient in finding best matched block for all motion types. In this research, an efficient direction-adaptive motion estimation (DAME) algorithm is proposed which adaptively selects shape and size of the patterns based on motion content. Performance analysis of DAME algorithm on the reference code JM of H.264/AVC platform reveals that the proposed algorithm outperforms other existing BMME algorithms in search points without degrading the picture quality.

关键词： Block matching H 264 advanced video coding motion classification motion estimation video coding video compression

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Two-step regionally focused algorithm for H.264/AVC encoder

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IETE TECHNICAL REVIEW 2013年第4期30卷 280-285页

作者： Bharanitharan, K. Chen, Bo-Wei Chang, Chin-Chen Feng Chia Univ Dept Elect Engn Taichung 40724 Taiwan Natl Cheng Kung Univ Dept Elect Engn Taichung Taiwan Feng Chia Univ Dept Informat Engn & Comp Sci Taichung 40724 Taiwan Asia Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Taichung Taiwan

H.264, MPEG-4 Part 10, is the latest digital video coding standard that achieves very high data compression by using several new coding features. One of the key features is the intra prediction based on the rate-distortion optimization (RDO) procedure, which requires a true encoding of the intra block by trying all intra prediction modes. The computational burden of intra prediction with the RDO procedure is extremely high for real-time applications. In this paper, we propose a classified block type algorithm that selects the -appropriate intra block size and further our proposed two-step regionally focused algorithm selected block that reduces a number of candidate mode required for RDO which significantly reduces the encoder complexity. Experimental results show that the proposed fast mode decision algorithm reduces the encoding time by about 68%, with negligible loss of video quality.

关键词： Edge detection Fast algorithm H.264 advanced video coding Intra prediction

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Efficient Differential Prediction Error based Intra Mode Decision Algorithm for video coding

Efficient Differential Prediction Error based Intra Mode Dec...

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IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems (ISPACS)

作者： Bharanitharan, K. Chen, B. W. Tsai, An Chao Feng Chia Univ Dept Elect Engn Taichung 40724 Taiwan Natl Cheng Kung Univ Dept Elect Engn Tainan Taiwan FOXCONN Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781467350839;9781467350815

H.264, MPEG-4 Part 10, is the recent digital video coding standard that achieves very high data compression by using several new coding features. One of the key features is intra prediction which is based on the rate distortion optimization (RDO) procedure, that requires a true encoding of the intra block by trying all intra prediction modes. The computational burden of intra prediction with the RDO procedure is extremely high for real time applications. In this paper, we propose an efficient directional difference prediction algorithm using the prediction error to reduce the number of coding modes required for the RDO procedure. The proposed DDP algorithm effectively estimates the prediction error of the block to narrow down the predictive modes to reduce RDO computation. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves a time reduction of more than 64% with negligible PSNR loss and bitrate increment.

关键词： advanced video coding H.264/AVC Intra prediction mode decision prediction error

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Very-large-scale integration design of a low-power and cost-effective context-based adaptive variable length coding decoder for H.264/AVC portable applications

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IET IMAGE PROCESSING 2012年第2期6卷 104-114页

作者： Huang, H-J. Fang, C-H. Fan, C-P. Natl Chiao Tung Univ Dept Elect Engn Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Natl Chung Hsing Univ Dept Elect Engn Taichung 402 Taiwan

Context-based adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC) is a new and efficient entropy coding tool in H.264/AVC (advanced video coding). This study proposes a low-power and cost-effective CAVLC decoding architecture for the H.264/AVC baseline profile. Specifically, this study proposes an optimum two-layer power model for the variable length look-up table (VLUT) in the CAVLC decoder, and divides the decoding phase of the LUT into two-layer decoding to reduce power consumption. To achieve a cost-effective design, the proposed design merges common codewords to reduce the hardware cost among different LUTs in the second layer decoding. The proposed decoder is based on Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 0.18 mu m CMOS technology, and was completely verified on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) emulation platform. The proposed design meets the demands of the real-time CAVLC decoding and reduces power consumption by 44-48% more than previous low-power CAVLD schemes. Finally, the proposed low-power and cost-effective CAVLD design is suitable for H.264/AVC portable applications.

关键词： size 0.18 mum Codes table lookup variable length codes field programmable gate arrays Image and video coding entropy codes CMOS technology context-based adaptive variable length coding decoder entropy coding tool common codewords adaptive codes Logic circuits video coding Logic and switching circuits cost-effective CAVLC decoding variable length look-up table advanced video coding H.264/AVC portable applications two-layer decoding decoding CMOS integrated circuits VLSI video signal processing Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company field programmable gate array low-power CAVLC decoding power consumption very large scale integration

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Adaptive selection model for detecting zero-quantized discrete cosine transform coefficients in video coding

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OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2012年第4期51卷 047404-047404页

作者： Chen, Bo-Jhih Tai, Shen-Chuan Wu, Yung-Gi Natl Cheng Kung Univ Dept Elect Engn Inst Comp & Commun Engn Tainan 70101 Taiwan Chang Jung Christian Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Tainan Taiwan

An adaptive selection approach for advanced video coding that reduces the number of unnecessary discrete cosine transform (DCT), quantization (Q), inverse quantization (IQ), and inverse DCT (IDCT) computations is proposed. An adaptive selection approach is used to detect zero-quantized DCT (ZQDCT) coefficients since certain zero-quantized DCT coefficients of the prediction residual block are difficult to identify. The presented algorithm detects ZQDCT coefficients according to the corresponding frequency positions before implementing DCT. Therefore, redundant DCT, Q, IQ, and IDCT procedures are removed. To carry out the proposed algorithm, three sufficient conditions are assumed for deriving eight prediction modes, which are employed to select various types of DCT, Q, IQ, and IDCT implementations. The computed results indicate that the proposed algorithm is capable of reducing the number of DCT, Q, IQ, and IDCT computations compared to those required by related methods, while retaining the coding performance of the original encoder. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/***.51.4.047404]

关键词： zero-quantized discrete cosine transform coefficient discrete cosine transform quantization advanced video coding

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Selective Intra Block Size Jecision and Fast Intra Mode Decision Algorithms for H.264/AVC Encoder

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION AND SYSTEMS 2012年第11期E95D卷 2720-2723页

作者： Bharanitharan, Karunanithi Ding, Jiun-Ren Chen, Bo-Wei Wang, Jhing-Fa ITRI Tainan Taiwan Natl Cheng Kung Univ Tainan 70101 Taiwan

In H.264/AVC intra frame coding, the rate-distortion optimization (RDO) is employed to select the optimal coding mode to achieve the minimum rate-distortion cost. Due to a large number of combinations of coding modes, the computational burden of Rate distortion optimization (RDO) becomes extremely high in intra prediction. In this paper, we proposed an efficient selective intra block size decision (SIB) that selects the appropriate block size for intra prediction, further proposed fast intra prediction algorithm reduces a number of modes required for RDO that significantly reduces the encoder complexity. Experimental results show that the proposed fast mode decision algorithm reduces the encoding time by up to 68% with negligible video quality degradation.

关键词： infra prediction edge detection RDO advanced video coding inter prediction

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