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aggregate programming for the Internet of Things

COMPUTER 2015年第9期48卷 22-30页

作者： Beal, Jacob Pianini, Danilo Viroli, Mirko Raytheon BBN Technol Cambridge MA 02138 USA Univ Bologna Dept Comp Sci & Engn I-40126 Bologna Italy

Through field calculus constructs and building-block APIs, aggregate programming could help unlock the IoT's true potential by allowing complex distributed services to be specified succinctly and by enabling such ... 详细信息

关键词： Internet of Things application program interfaces calculus distributed processing API Internet of Things IoT aggregate programming application program interface distributed service field calculus aggregate programmin Embedded systems Internet of things Pervasive computing programming DSLs Internet of Things IoT aggregate programming distributed systems domain-specific languages embedded systems field calculus pervasive computing

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aggregate programming: From Foundations to Applications 16th

Aggregate Programming: From Foundations to Applications

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16th International School on Formal Methods for the Design of Computer, Communication, and Software Systems (SFM)

作者： Beal, Jacob Viroli, Mirko Raytheon BBN Technol Cambridge MA 02138 USA Univ Bologna Alma Mater Studiorum Cesena Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783319340951;9783319340968

We live in a world with an ever-increasing density of computing devices, pervading every aspect of our environment. programming these devices is challenging, due to their large numbers, potential for frequent and complex network interactions with other nearby devices, and the open and evolving nature of their capabilities and applications. aggregate programming addresses these challenges by raising the level of abstraction, so that a programmer can operate in terms of collections of interacting devices. In particular, field calculus provides a safe and extensible model for encapsulation, modulation, and composition of services. On this foundation, a set of resilient "building block" operators support development of APIs that can provide resilience and scalability guarantees for any service developed using them. We illustrate the power of this approach by discussion of several recent applications, including crowd safety at mass public events, disaster relief operations, construction of resilient enterprise systems, and network security.

关键词： aggregate programming Pervasive computing Field calculus Distributed systems Domain-specific languages

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Protelis: Practical aggregate programming 15

Protelis: Practical Aggregate Programming

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30th ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC)

作者： Pianini, Danilo Viroli, Mirko Beal, Jacob Univ Bologna Alma Mater Studiorum I-40126 Bologna Italy BBN Technol Minneapolis MN USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450331968

The notion of a computational field has been proposed as a unifying abstraction for developing distributed systems, focusing on the computations and coordination of aggregates of devices instead of individual behavior. Prior field-based languages, however, have suffered from a number of practical limitations that have posed barriers to adoption and use. We address these limitations by introduction of Protelis, a functional language based on computational fields and embedded in Java, thereby enabling the construction of widely reusable components of aggregate systems. We demonstrate the simplicity of Protelis integration and programming through two examples: simulation of a pervasive computing scenario in the Alchemist simulator [24], and coordinated management of a network of services.

关键词： aggregate programming Computational Field Field Calculus Alchemist Coordination

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Building blocks for aggregate programming of self-organising applications 8

Building blocks for aggregate programming of self-organising...

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2014 IEEE Eighth International Conference on Self Adaptive and Self Organizing Systems Workshops (SASOW 2014)

作者： Beal, Jacob Viroli, Mirko Raytheon BBN Technol Waltham MA 02451 USA Univ Bologna I-40126 Bologna Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781479963782

The notion of a computational field has been proposed as a unifying abstraction for constructing and reasoning about large and self-organising networks of devices, focusing on the computations and coordination of aggregates of devices instead of individual behaviour. Recently, firm mathematical foundations have been established for this approach, in the form of a minimal universal field calculus [1], [2] and a more restricted syntax that guarantees self-stabilisation [3]. We now aim to raise the abstraction level for system construction by identifying a collection of general and reusable "building block" algorithms. By functional combination of these building blocks, it is possible to construct complex adaptive behaviours. Moreover, the building blocks we present are all self-stabilising, ensuring that any system constructed from them is guaranteed to rapidly converge to a correct behaviour.

关键词： aggregate programming distributed algorithms field calculus self-stabilisation Building blocks distributed algorithms SELF-STABILIZING aggregates Reusable Abstraction Self-organizing networks Reasoning programming Recombinant DNA

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On Context-Orientation in aggregate programming 4

On Context-Orientation in Aggregate Programming

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IEEE 4th International Workshops on Foundations and Applications of Self* Systems (FAS*W)

作者： Casadei, Roberto Pianini, Danilo Salvaneschi, Guido Viroli, Mirko Univ Bologna ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Cesena Italy Tech Univ Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781728124063

Context-awareness plays a central role in self-adaptive software. By a programming perspective, context is often used implicitly, and context-aware code is fragmented in the codebase. In Context-Oriented programming, instead, context is considered a first-class citizen and is explicitly used to modularise context-sensitive functionality and behavioural variability. In this paper, we reflect on the role of context in collective adaptive systems, by a discussion from the special perspective of a macro paradigm, aggregate programming, which supports the specification of collective behaviour by a global perspective through functional compositions of field computations. In particular, we consider the abstractions exposed in Context-Oriented and aggregate programming, suggest potential synergies in both directions, and accordingly take the first steps towards a combined design.

关键词： aggregate programming context-oriented programming collective adaptive systems context-aware systems

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SCAFI: A Scala DSL and Toolkit for aggregate programming

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SOFTWAREX 2022年 20卷

作者： Casadei, Roberto Viroli, Mirko Aguzzi, Gianluca Pianini, Danilo Alma Mater Studiorum Univ Bologna Bologna Italy

Supported by current socio-scientific trends, programming the global behaviour of whole computa-tional collectives makes for great opportunities, but also significant challenges. Recently, aggregate computing has emerged as a prominent paradigm for so-called collective adaptive systems program-ming. To shorten the gap between such research endeavours and mainstream software development and engineering, we present SCAFI, a Scala toolkit providing an internal domain-specific language, libraries, a simulation environment, and runtime support for practical aggregate computing systems development.(c) 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://***/licenses/by/4.0/).

关键词： aggregate programming Computational fields Macro-level programming Distributed computing Scala toolkit

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A Higher-Order Calculus of Computational Fields

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL LOGIC 2019年第1期20卷 1–55页

作者： Audrito, Giorgio Viroli, Mirko Damiani, Ferruccio Pianini, Danilo Beal, Jacob Univ Turin Dipartimento Informat Corso Svizzera 185 I-10149 Turin Italy Univ Bologna Dipartimeno Informat Sci & Ingn Via Univ 50 I-47522 Cesena Italy Raytheon BBN Technol 10 Moulton St Cambridge MA 02138 USA

The complexity of large-scale distributed systems, particularly when deployed in physical space, calls for new mechanisms to address composability and reusability of collective adaptive behaviour. Computational fields have been proposed as an effective abstraction to fill the gap between the macro-level of such systems (specifying a system's collective behaviour) and the micro-level (individual devices' actions of computation and interaction to implement that collective specification), thereby providing a basis to better facilitate the engineering of collective APIs and complex systems at higher levels of abstraction. This article proposes a full formal foundation for field computations, in terms of a core (higher-order) calculus of computational fields containing a few key syntactic constructs, and equipped with typing, denotational and operational semantics. Critically, this allows formal establishment of a link between the micro- and macro-levels of collective adaptive systems by a result of computational adequacy and abstraction for the (aggregate) denotational semantics with respect to the (per-device) operational semantics.

关键词： Adequacy aggregate programming computational field core calculus full abstraction spatial computing type inference system type soundness

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Partitioned integration and coordination via the self-organising coordination regions pattern

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FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ESCIENCE 2021年 114卷 44-68页

作者： Pianini, Danilo Casadei, Roberto Viroli, Mirko Natali, Antonio Univ Bologna Dept Comp Sci & Engn Alma Mater Studiorum Cesena Italy

In software engineering, knowledge about recurrent problems, along with blueprints of associated solutions for diverse design contexts, are often captured in so-called design patterns. Identifying design patterns is particularly valuable for novel and still largely unexplored application contexts such as the Internet of Things, Cyber-Physical Systems, and Edge Computing, as it would help keeping a balanced trade-off between generality and applicability, guiding the mainstream development of language mechanisms, algorithms, architectures, and supporting platforms. Based on recurrence of related solutions found in the literature, in this work we present a design pattern for self-adaptive systems, named Self-organising Coordination Regions (SCR): its goal is to organise a process of interconnecting devices into teams, to solve local tasks in cooperation. Specifically, it is a decentralised coordination pattern for partitioned integration and coordination of devices, which relies on continuous adaptivity to context change to provide resilient distributed decision-making in large-scale situated systems. It leverages the divide-and-conquer principle, partitioning (in a self-organising fashion) the network of devices into regions, where internal coordination activities are regulated via feedback control flows among leaders and subordinate nodes. We present the pattern, provide a template implementation in the aggregate Computing framework, and evaluate it through simulation of two case studies in edge computing and hierarchical, heterogeneous networks. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Coordination Distributed systems Design patterns Self-organisation Self-improving integration Edge computing aggregate programming

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Optimal single-path information propagation in gradient-based algorithms

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SCIENCE OF COMPUTER programming 2018年 166卷 146-166页

作者： Audrito, Giorgio Damiani, Ferruccio Viroli, Mirko Univ Torino Dipartimento Informat Turin Italy Univ Torino Ctr Competenza Calcolo Sci Turin Italy Univ Bologna DISI Cesena Italy

Scenarios like wireless network networks, Internet of Things, and pervasive computing, promote full distribution of computation as well as opportunistic, peer-to-peer interactions between devices spread in the environment. In this context, computing estimated distances between devices in the network is a key component, commonly referred to as the gradient self-organisation pattern: it is frequently used to broadcast information, forecast pointwise events, as carrier for distributed sensing, and as combinator for higher-level spatial structures. However, computing gradients is very problematic in an environment affected by mutability in the position and working frequency of devices: existing algorithms fail in reaching adequate trade-offs between accuracy and reaction speed to environment changes. We propose BIS (Bounded Information Speed) gradient, a fully-distributed algorithm that uses time information to achieve a smooth and predictable reaction speed, and prove it is optimal across algorithms following a single-path-communication strategy to spread information. We empirically evaluate BIS gradient and compare it with other approaches, showing that BIS achieves the best accuracy while keeping smoothness under control, and accordingly provides improved performance when used as building block in more complex algorithms for creating spatial structures and performing distributed collection of data. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： aggregate programming Gradient Information speed Reliability Spatial computing

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RM for Users' Safety and Security in the Built Environment 5

RM for Users' Safety and Security in the Built Environment

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5th ACM International Workshop on Verification and mOnitoring at Runtime EXecution (VORTEX)

作者： Audrito, Giorgio Damiani, Ferruccio Di Giuda, Giuseppe Meschini, Silvia Pellegrini, Laura Seghezzi, Elena Tagliabue, Lavinia Chiara Testa, Lorenzo Torta, Gianluca Univ Torino Dipartimento Informat Turin Italy Univ Torino Dipartimento Management Turin Italy Politecn Milan Dipartimento ABC Milan Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781450385466

The complexity of people flows in building and city spaces can be monitored and oriented to face the multiple and changing requirements of modern life. Communication technologies and novel concepts for applying runtime monitors to empower IoT networks can support safety and wellbeing for citizens and building users. The proposed technology, based on the automated generation of Runtime Monitors as aggregate programming (AP) systems, fulfills the needs of several usages related to building management and construction site safety. Case studies, where the application can give a significant contribution, have been identified and selected to illustrate how to support people flow control, space and facility management, social distancing procedures and social awareness about safe escape routes or optimized paths according to customized requirements.

关键词： Runtime Monitoring aggregate programming Spatio-temporal Logics Built Environment

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