Certain applications require pseudo-random sequences which are unpredictable in the sense that recovering more of the sequence from a short segment must be computationally infeasible. It is shown that linear complexit...
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Certain applications require pseudo-random sequences which are unpredictable in the sense that recovering more of the sequence from a short segment must be computationally infeasible. It is shown that linear complexity is useful in determining such sequences. A generalized linear complexity which has application to the security of stream ciphers is proposed and an efficient algorithm is given for the case where the sequence is binary with period 2n. This new algorithm generalizes an algorithm due to Games and Chan.
A computationally efficient algorithm is given for estimating the state-space model of a continuous-time multivariable system from data obtained with a discrete-time model.
A computationally efficient algorithm is given for estimating the state-space model of a continuous-time multivariable system from data obtained with a discrete-time model.
By extending the study of Samaja and Gattinoni, an algorithm is described for computing the oxygen dissociation curve with variations in pH, PCO2, and CO in homozygous HbB sheep blood. The difference in the values of ...
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By extending the study of Samaja and Gattinoni, an algorithm is described for computing the oxygen dissociation curve with variations in pH, PCO2, and CO in homozygous HbB sheep blood. The difference in the values of O2 pressure at 50% saturation in presence of CO computed from the present algorithm and Hill''s equation does not exceed 0.5%. It is shown that O2 affinity increases as the concentration of CO or pH increases or PCO2 decreases. The algorithm is convenient for representing the oxygen dissociation curve with variation in pH, PCO2 and the concentration of CO in modelling oxygen transport in sheep blood even under hypoxic conditions.
In continuous casting steel production a significant loss reduction - in terms of scrap material, time and money - can be achieved by developing an appropriate algorithm for the prevention of molten steel sticking ont...
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In continuous casting steel production a significant loss reduction - in terms of scrap material, time and money - can be achieved by developing an appropriate algorithm for the prevention of molten steel sticking onto mould. The logic of such algorithm should be simple and manageable to ensure its practical implementation on a computer system via the usage of thermo sensors. This suggests that both the algorithm and the automated data collection can be implemented by means of applicative software. Despite its simplicity, the algorithm should accurately trace physical phenomena in molten steel.
The aim of the study was to design an algorithm of selecting the balance assessment tool in patients after stroke, which could be used in a subacute rehabilitation setting. A retrospective study was carried out to ana...
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The aim of the study was to design an algorithm of selecting the balance assessment tool in patients after stroke, which could be used in a subacute rehabilitation setting. A retrospective study was carried out to analyse results of standardized balance measurements in three groups of stroke patients classified by Functional Ambulation Category (FAC) (FAC 1 or 2, non-functional ambulation;FAC 3 or 4, ambulatory dependent;FAC 5 or 6, ambulatory independent). Balance functions were evaluated in 62 out of 70 patients (88.6%) at admission and discharge with at least with one standardized assessment tool. In 21 patients (30%), two or more assessment tools were used. From admission to discharge significant changes in balance functions in the non-functional ambulatory group were detected by Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS) (P = 0.003), in the ambulatory dependent group with PASS (P = 0.025) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) (P = 0.009) and in the ambulatory independent group with the Timed Up and Go Test (P = 0.002) and Functional Gait Assessment (P = 0.029). In a post-stroke rehabilitation most commonly used BBS and PASS are sensitive enough in non-functional ambulatory and ambulatory dependent patients, though they do not reflect the overall balance function. In ambulatory independent patients, significant changes in balance functions can be detected only with the assessment tools that include the measurements of dynamic balance. Based on the findings, the algorithm for the selection of balance assessment tools in post-stroke rehabilitation setting was formulated according to FAC.
Purpose To propose and validate an algorithm to analyze the reports of suspected therapeutic failure (TF) received in pharmacovigilance programs. Methods A Delphi consensus method with a group of 12 international expe...
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Purpose To propose and validate an algorithm to analyze the reports of suspected therapeutic failure (TF) received in pharmacovigilance programs. Methods A Delphi consensus method with a group of 12 international experts was used to identify the different causes that prompt TF and to propose an algorithm to analyze reports of suspected lack of efficacy of medicines. A pilot analysis of 50 reports was the basis to evaluate the interrater and intrarater validity of the algorithm. Results A 10-question algorithm was proposed. The evaluation of 50 reports of suspected TF showed that only 8% could be actually attributed to a manufacturing quality problem, whereas the real reason underlying the alleged TF was the inappropriate use of the prescribed drug in 28%. Minimum information to attribute the cause to a TF was lacking in 31% of these reports. The interrater reliability was moderate (kappa coefficient=0.55), and the intrarater reliability ranged from 0.732 to 0.908 (substantial to almost perfect). Conclusions The proposed TF algorithm is a valid, reliable, and reproducible analysis tool that can help to disentangle the frequent and complex reports of suspected TF. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
This article discusses the problems of recognition and determination of the pose of one person, several on the image and video sequence. To solve this problem, the characteristic features of human image recognition al...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728199269
This article discusses the problems of recognition and determination of the pose of one person, several on the image and video sequence. To solve this problem, the characteristic features of human image recognition algorithms are analyzed - as a set of points and lines connecting them. We can imagine a person as a set of dynamic fixtures and parts connecting them. In the most elementary models, they are radius vectors between two points. Two publicly available algorithms for recognizing a person's pose - AlphaPose and OpenPose - were also considered [16;17]. Based on the results of the study, each algorithm had advantages in which areas.
Rationale & Objectives Accurate ascertainment of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in electronic health records (EHRs) data is important for much epidemiological research. This study aimed to develop and validate an...
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Rationale & Objectives Accurate ascertainment of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in electronic health records (EHRs) data is important for much epidemiological research. This study aimed to develop and validate an algorithm using diagnosis and procedure codes to identify patients with ESKD (treated with maintenance dialysis or kidney transplantation) in EHRs data. Study Design Study of diagnostic algorithms. Setting & Participants The development cohort included 559,615 patients treated at the Geisinger Health System (January 1996-June 2018). The validation cohort included 767,186 patients treated at New York University Langone Health System (January 2018-December 2020). algorithms Compared An algorithm developed using diagnosis and procedure codes compared to a nominal gold standard designation within the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) data. The performance of the algorithm was characterized by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). The dates of incident ESKD between the algorithm and USRDS were compared in a subset of cases. Outcomes ESKD (maintenance dialysis, prior recipient of a kidney transplant, or kidney transplantation surgery) cases. Results In Geisinger, we developed the ESKD algorithm that identified 4,766 (0.85%) ESKD cases, while there were 5,155 (0.92%) ESKD cases reported by the USRDS. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of the algorithm were 73.9% (95% CI, 72.7-75.1%), 99.83% (99.82-99.84%), 79.9% (78.9-81.0%), and 99.76% (99.75-99.77%), respectively. When applying the algorithm to New York University Langone Health System data, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 71.8% (95% CI, 70.7-73.0%), 99.95% (99.95-99.96%), 91.6% (90.8-92.4%), and 99.79 (99.78-99.80%), respectively. The median (interquartile range) difference between dates of incident ESKD (algorithms minus USRDS) were -3 (-21 to 83) days in Geisinger and 0 (-12 to 69) days in New York University Langone Heal
Background. In the absence of proper guidelines and algorithms, available rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for common acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses are often used inappropriately. Methods. Using prevalence dat...
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Background. In the absence of proper guidelines and algorithms, available rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for common acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses are often used inappropriately. Methods. Using prevalence data of 5 common febrile illnesses from India and Cambodia, and performance characteristics (sensitivity and specificity) of relevant pathogen-specific RDTs, we used a mathematical model to predict the probability of correct identification of each disease when diagnostic testing occurs either simultaneously or sequentially in various algorithms. We developed a web-based application of the model so as to visualize and compare output diagnostic algorithms when different disease prevalence and test performance characteristics are introduced. Results. Diagnostic algorithms with appropriate sequential testing predicted correct identification of etiology in 74% and 89% of patients in India and Cambodia, respectively, compared with 46% and 49% with simultaneous testing. The optimally performing sequential diagnostic algorithms differed in India and Cambodia due to varying disease prevalence. Conclusions. Simultaneous testing is not appropriate for the diagnosis of acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses with presently available tests, which should deter the unsupervised use of multiplex diagnostic tests. The implementation of adaptive algorithms can predict better diagnosis and add value to the available RDTs. The web application of the model can serve as a tool to identify the optimal diagnostic algorithm in different epidemiological settings, while taking into account the local epidemiological variables and accuracy of available tests.
BACKGROUND The number of lead extractions is growing because of the greater population and increasing age of individuals with a cardiac implantable electronic device. Lead extraction procedures can be complex undertak...
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BACKGROUND The number of lead extractions is growing because of the greater population and increasing age of individuals with a cardiac implantable electronic device. Lead extraction procedures can be complex undertakings with risk of significant mortality, and vascular tears in the superior vena cava are of greatest concern. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to study whether a novel algorithm that analyzes pre-extraction computed tomographic (CT) images can determine the likelihood and location of lead-lead interactions and lead-vessel attachment within patients' venous vasculatures. This information can be used to identify potential case challenges in the planning stages. METHODS We developed an algorithm to estimate the presence and position of lead-lead interactions and lead-vessel adherences by tracking distance between the leads and distance between the lead and superior vena cava in a sample of 12 patients referred to the United Heart and Vascular Clinic for lead extractions due to infection (n = 5), lead failure (n = 5), and tricuspid regurgitation (n = 2). RESULTS Preliminary results indicate that the developed algorithm successfully identified lead-lead and lead-vascular attachments compared to review of CT images by medical experts. CONCLUSION With future validation and clinical implementation, this algorithm could aid physician preparedness by minimizing intraprocedural emergencies and may improve patient outcomes.
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