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10th International Conference on Swarm Intelligence (ANTS)

作者： Garcia-Nieto, Jose Lopez-Camacho, Esteban Garcia Godoy, Maria Jesus Nebro, Antonio J. Durillo, Juan J. Aldana-Montes, Jose F. Univ Malaga ETSI Informat Dept Comp Sci Khaos Res Grp Campus Teatinos Malaga Spain Univ Innsbruck Distributed & Parallel Syst Grp Innsbruck Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783319444277;9783319444260

Molecular docking is a complex optimization problem aimed at predicting the position of a ligand molecule in the active site of a receptor with the lowest binding energy. This problem can be formulated as a bi-objective optimization problem by minimizing the binding energy and the Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) difference in the coordinates of ligands. In this context, the SMPSO multi-objective swarm-intelligence algorithm has shown a remarkable performance. SMPSO is characterized by having an external archive used to store the non-dominated solutions and also as the basis of the leader selection strategy. In this paper, we analyze several SMPSO variants based on different archiving strategies in the scope of a benchmark of molecular docking instances. Our study reveals that the SMPSOhv, which uses an hypervolume contribution based archive, shows the overall best performance.

关键词： Multi-objective optimization Particle Swarm Optimization Molecular docking Archiving strategies algorithm comparison

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Evaluation of State-of-the-Art Pupil Detection algorithms on Remote Eye Images 16

Evaluation of State-of-the-Art Pupil Detection Algorithms on...

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ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) / 20th ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers (ISWC)

作者： Fuhl, Wolfgang Geisler, David Santini, Thiago Rosenstiel, Wolfgang Kasneci, Enkelejda Univ Tubingen Percept Engn Tubingen Germany Univ Tubingen Comp Engn Tubingen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450344623

Eye movements are a powerful source of information as well as the most intuitive form of interaction. Although eye tracking technology is still in its infancy, it offers the greatest potential for novel communication solutions and applications. Whereas head-mounted eye-trackers are widely used in research, several applications require most unintrusive eye tracking, ideally realized by means of a single, low-cost camera placed away from the subject. However, such remote devices usually provide low resolution images and pose several challenges to gaze position estimation. The key challenge in such a scenario is the robust detection of the pupil center in the recorded image. We evaluated eight state-of-the-art algorithms for pupil detection on three manually labeled data sets recorded in remote tracking scenarios. Among the evaluated algorithms, ElSe [6] proved to be the best performing approach on overall 3202 images from remote eye tracking, which include changing illumination, occlusion, head movements, and off-axial camera position. In addition, we contribute a new data set with 445 annotated images, recorded in a fixed setup with a low cost camera capable of using natural and infrared light.

关键词： Pupil detection remote eye tracking data set algorithm comparison

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The Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative: II. Spatial and temporal homogeneity of satellite data retrieval due to systematic effects in atmospheric correction processors

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REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 2015年 162卷 257-270页

作者： Mueller, Dagmar Krasemann, Hajo Brewin, Robert J. W. Brockmann, Carsten Deschamps, Pierre-Yves Doerffer, Roland Fomferra, Norman Franz, Bryan A. Grant, Mike G. Groom, Steve B. Melin, Frederic Platt, Trevor Regner, Peter Sathyendranath, Shubha Steinmetz, Francois Swinton, John Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht D-21502 Geesthacht Germany Plymouth Marine Lab Plymouth PL1 3DH Devon England Brockmann Consult D-21502 Geesthacht Germany HYGEOS F-59000 Lille France NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr Greenbelt MD 20771 USA European Commiss Joint Res Ctr Inst Environm & Sustainabil I-21027 Ispra Italy European Space Agcy ESRIN I-00044 Frascati Italy Telespazio VEGA UK Ltd Luton LU1 3LU Beds England

The established procedure to access the quality of atmospheric correction processors and their underlying algorithms is the comparison of satellite data products with related in-situ measurements. Although this approach addresses the accuracy of derived geophysical properties in a straight forward fashion, it is also limited in its ability to catch systematic sensor and processor dependent behaviour of satellite products along the scan-line, which might impair the usefulness of the data in spatial analyses. The Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI) aims to create an ocean colour dataset on a global scale to meet the demands of the ecosystem modelling community. The need for products with increasing spatial and temporal resolution that also show as little systematic and random errors as possible, increases. Due to cloud cover, even temporal means can be influenced by along-scanline artefacts if the observations are not balanced and effects cannot be cancelled out mutually. These effects can arise from a multitude of results which are not easily separated, if at all. Among the sources of artefacts, there are some sensor-specific calibration issues which should lead to similar responses in all processors, as well as processor-specific features which correspond with the individual choices in the algorithms. A set of methods is proposed and applied to MERIS data over two regions of interest in the North Atlantic and the South Pacific Gyre. The normalised water leaving reflectance products of four atmospheric correction processors, which have also been evaluated in match-up analysis, is analysed in order to find and interpret systematic effects across track. These results are summed up with a semi-objective ranking and are used as a complement to the match-up analysis in the decision for the best Atmospheric Correction (AC) processor. Although the need for discussion remains concerning the absolutes by which to judge an AC processor, this example demonstrates cl

关键词： OC-CCI CCI Ocean-Colour Climate Change Atmospheric correction algorithm comparison Angular dependency Systematic error

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The Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative: I. A methodology for assessing atmospheric correction processors based on in-situ measurements

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REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 2015年 162卷 242-256页

The Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative intends to provide a long-term time series of ocean colour data and investigate the detectable climate impact. A reliable and stable atmospheric correction procedure is the basis for ocean colour products of the necessary high quality. In order to guarantee an objective selection from a set of four atmospheric correction processors, the common validation strategy of comparisons between in-situ and satellite-derived water leaving reflectance spectra, is extended by a ranking system. In principle, the statistical parameters such as root mean square error, bias, etc. and measures of goodness of fit, are transformed into relative scores, which evaluate the relationship of quality dependent on the algorithms under study. The sensitivity of these scores to the selected database has been assessed by a bootstrapping exercise, which allows identification of the uncertainty in the scoring results. Although the presented methodology is intended to be used in an algorithm selection process, this paper focusses on the scope of the methodology rather than the properties of the individual processors. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： OC-CCI CCI Ocean-colour Climate change Atmospheric correction algorithm comparison In-situ comparison Spectral comparison Boot strap

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Input extraction via motion-sensor behavior analysis on smartphones

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COMPUTERS & SECURITY 2015年 53卷 143-155页

作者： Shen, Chao Pei, Shichao Yang, Zhenyu Guan, Xiaohong G. Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Xian 710049 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Beijing 10084 Peoples R China

Smartphone onboard sensors, such as the accelerometer and gyroscope, have greatly facilitated people's life, but these sensors may bring potential security and privacy risk. This paper presents an empirical study of analyzing the characteristics of accelerometer and magnetometer data to infer users' input on Android smartphones. The rationale behind is that the touch input actions in different positions would cause different levels of posture and motion change of the smartphone. In this work, an Android application was run as a background process to monitor data of motion sensors. Accelerometer data were analyzed to detect the occurrence of input actions on touchscreen. Then the magnetometer data were fused with accelerometer data for inferring the positions of user inputs on touchscreen. Through the mapping relationship from input positions and common layouts of keyboard or number pad, one can easily obtain the inputs. Analyses were conducted using data from three types of smartphones and across various operational scenarios. The results indicated that users' inputs can be accurately inferred from the sensor data, with the accuracies of 100% for input-action detection and 80% for input inference in some cases. Additional experiments on the effect of smartphone screen size, sampling rate, and training data size were provided to further examine the reliability and practicability of our approach. These findings suggest that readings from accelerometer and magnetometer data could be a powerful side channel for inferring user inputs. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Human-computer interaction Smartphone security Behavior analysis Motion sensor Input inference Performance evaluation algorithm comparison

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Feature selection for event discovery in social media: A comparative study

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COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2015年第PartB期51卷 903-909页

作者： Zhao, Jie Wang, Xueya Jin, Peiquan Anhui Univ Sch Business Hefei 230039 Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China Sch Comp Sci & Technol Hefei 230027 Peoples R China

Microblog as one kind of typical social media has many research implications in social event discovery and social-media-based e-learning and collaborative learning. At present, researchers usually employ feature-based classification approaches to detect social events in microblogs. However, it is very common to get different results when different features are used in event discovery. Therefore, it has been a critical issue how to select appropriate features for event discovery in microblogs. In this paper, we analyze five different feature selection methods and present an improved method for selecting features for microblog-based event discovery. We compare all the methods on a real microblog dataset in terms of various metrics including precision, recall, and F-measure. And finally we discuss the best feature selection method for the event discovery in microblogs. To the best of our knowledge, there are no such comparative studies on feature selection for event discovery in social media, and this paper is expected to offer some useful references for the future research and applications on the event discovery in microblogs. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microblog Event discovery Feature selection algorithm comparison

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Comparative analysis of methods for identifying somatic copy number alterations from deep sequencing data

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BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2015年第2期16卷 242-254页

作者： Alkodsi, Amjad Louhimo, Riku Hautaniemi, Sampsa Univ Helsinki Syst Biol Lab Res Programs Unit Genome Scale Biol FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland Univ Helsinki Fac Med Syst Biol FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland Univ Helsinki Inst Biomed FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland

Somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs) are an important type of structural variation affecting tumor pathogenesis. Accurate detection of genomic regions with SCNAs is crucial for cancer genomics as these regions contain likely drivers of cancer development. Deep sequencing technology provides single-nucleotide resolution genomic data and is considered one of the best measurement technologies to detect SCNAs. Although several algorithms have been developed to detect SCNAs from whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing data, their relative performance has not been studied. Here, we have compared ten SCNA detection algorithms in both simulated and primary tumor deep sequencing data. In addition, we have evaluated the applicability of exome sequencing data for SCNA detection. Our results show that (i) clear differences exist in sensitivity and specificity between the algorithms, (ii) SCNA detection algorithms are able to identify most of the complex chromosomal alterations and (iii) exome sequencing data are suitable for SCNA detection.

关键词： Somatic copy number alterations algorithm comparison whole-genome sequencing whole-exome sequencing cancer

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Comparing algorithms for automated vessel segmentation in computed tomography scans of the lung: the VESSEL12 study

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MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS 2014年第7期18卷 1217-1232页

作者： Rudyanto, Rina D. Kerkstra, Sjoerd van Rilowort, Eva M. Fetita, Catalin Brillet, Pierre-Yves Lefevre, Christophe Xue, Wenzhe Zhu, Xiangjun Liang, Jianming Oksuz, Ilkay Unay, Devrim Kadipasoglu, Kamuran Estepar, Raul San Jose Ross, James C. Washko, George R. Prieto, Juan-Carlos Hernandez Hoyos, Marcela Orkisz, Maciej Meine, Hans Huellebrand, Markus Stoecker, Christina Mir, Fernando Lopez Naranjo, Valery Villanueva, Eliseo Staring, Marius Xiao, Changyan Stoel, Berend C. Fabijanska, Anna Smistad, Erik Elster, Anne C. Lindseth, Frank Foruzan, Amir Hossein Kiros, Ryan Popuri, Karteek Cobzas, Dana Jimenez-Carretero, Daniel Santos, Andres Ledesma-Carbayo, Maria J. Helmberger, Michael Urschler, Martin Pienn, Michael Bosboom, Dennis G. H. Campo, Arantza Prokop, Mathias de Jong, Pim A. Ortiz-de-Solorzano, Carlos Munoz-Barrutia, Arrate van Ginneken, Bram Univ Navarra Ctr Appl Med Res E-31080 Pamplona Spain Radboud Univ Nijmegen Med Ctr Diagnost Image Anal Grp NL-6525 ED Nijmegen Netherlands Inst SudParis Telecom Paris France Arizona State Univ Tempe AZ 85287 USA Bahcesehir Univ Istanbul Turkey Brigham & Womens Hosp Boston MA 02115 USA Univ Lyon CREATIS Lyon France Univ Los Andes Bogota Colombia Fraunhofer MEVIS Bremen Germany Leiden Univ Med Ctr Div Image Proc LKEB NL-2300 RA Leiden Netherlands Hunan Univ Changsha Hunan Peoples R China Lodz Univ Technol Inst Appl Comp Sci Lodz Poland Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Oslo Norway Shahed Univ Tehran Iran Univ Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2M7 Canada Univ Politecn Madrid E-28040 Madrid Spain CIBER BBN Zaragoza Spain Graz Univ Technol Inst Comp Vis & Graph A-8010 Graz Austria Ludwig Boltzmann Inst Clin Forens Imaging Graz Austria Ludwig Boltzmann Inst Lung Vasc Res Graz Austria Univ Navarra Univ Navarra Clin Dept Pulm E-31080 Pamplona Spain Univ Med Ctr Dept Radiol Utrecht Netherlands

The VESSEL12 (VESsel SEgmentation in the Lung) challenge objectively compares the performance of different algorithms to identify vessels in thoracic computed tomography (CT) scans. Vessel segmentation is fundamental in computer aided processing of data generated by 3D imaging modalities. As manual vessel segmentation is prohibitively time consuming, any real world application requires some form of automation. Several approaches exist for automated vessel segmentation, but judging their relative merits is difficult due to a lack of standardized evaluation. We present an annotated reference dataset containing 20 CT scans and propose nine categories to perform a comprehensive evaluation of vessel segmentation algorithms from both academia and industry. Twenty algorithms participated in the VESSEL12 challenge, held at International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) 2012. All results have been published at the VESSEL12 website http://***. The challenge remains ongoing and open to new participants. Our three contributions are: (1) an annotated reference dataset available online for evaluation of new algorithms;(2) a quantitative scoring system for objective comparison of algorithms;and (3) performance analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the various vessel segmentation methods in the presence of various lung diseases. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Thoracic computed tomography Lung vessels algorithm comparison Segmentation Challenge

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Performance evaluation of anomaly-detection algorithms for mouse dynamics

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COMPUTERS & SECURITY 2014年 45卷 156-171页

作者： Shen, Chao Cai, Zhongmin Guan, Xiaohong Maxion, Roy Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Xian 710049 Peoples R China Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

Mouse dynamics-the analysis of mouse operating behaviors to identify users has been proposed for detecting impostors. Since many anomaly-detection algorithms have been proposed for this task, it is natural to ask how well these algorithms perform and how they compare with each other (e.g., to identify promising research directions). This paper presents a performance-evaluation study of a range of anomaly-detection algorithms in mouse dynamics on an equal basis. We collected a mouse-dynamics data set consisting of 17,400 samples from 58 subjects, developed a repeatable evaluation methodology, and implemented and evaluated 17 detectors from the mouse-dynamics and pattern-recognition literatures. Performance is measured in terms of detection accuracy, sensitivity to training sample size, usability with respect to sample length, and scalability with respect to the number of users (user space). The six top-performing detectors achieve equal-error rates between 8.81% and 11.63% with a detection time of 6.1 s;detector performance improves as training sample size and sample length increase and becomes saturated gradually;detector performance decreases as user space becomes large, but only small fluctuations with the error range are apparent when the space size exceeds a certain number. Along with the shared data and evaluation methodology, the results constitute a benchmark for comparing detectors and measuring progress. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anomaly detection Behavioral biometrics Mouse dynamics Performance evaluation Benchmark study algorithm comparison

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Performance of Redirected Walking algorithms in a Constrained Virtual World

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2014年第4期20卷 579-587页

作者： Hodgson, Eric Bachmann, Eric Thrash, Tyler Miami Univ Smale Interact Visualizat Ctr Oxford OH 45056 USA Miami Univ Oxford OH 45056 USA Swiss Fed Inst Technol Zurich Switzerland

Redirected walking algorithms imperceptibly rotate a virtual scene about users of immersive virtual environment systems in order to guide them away from tracking area boundaries. Ideally, these distortions permit users to explore large unbounded virtual worlds while walking naturally within a physically limited space. Many potential virtual worlds are composed of corridors, passageways, or aisles. Assuming users are not expected to walk through walls or other objects within the virtual world, these constrained worlds limit the directions of travel and as well as the number of opportunities to change direction. The resulting differences in user movement characteristics within the physical world have an impact on redirected walking algorithm performance. This work presents a comparison of generalized RDW algorithm performance within a constrained virtual world. In contrast to previous studies involving unconstrained virtual worlds, experimental results indicate that the steer-to-orbit keeps users in a smaller area than the steer-to-center algorithm. Moreover, in comparison to steer-to-center, steer-to-orbit is shown to reduce potential wall contacts by over 29%.

关键词： Virtual environments redirected walking navigation locomotion interface algorithm comparison

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