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Poly-logarithmic Independence Fools Bounded-Depth Boolean Circuits

COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM 2011年第4期54卷 108-115页

作者： Braverman, Mark Univ Toronto Toronto ON M5S 1A1 Canada

The article discusses forms of mathematical randomness and their detection by algorithms, aspects of which reportedly underlie the modern theory of computer science. The authors present their progress on isolating random sequences that escape detection by algorithms. Aspects of bounded-depth circuits and low-degree multivariate polynomials also are discussed and a proof of a connection between the 2 is presented. Following the introduction, the article presents an overview of the proof and analytical and algebraic connections between low-depth circuits and polynomials.

关键词： Random numbers algorithm research Mathematical research Logarithms Boolean algebra Computer science research Polynomials Acyclic model Mathematical proofs Mathematical formulas Computational complexity Theory

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Inverse Problem with Respect to Domain and Artificial Neural Network algorithm for the Solution

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MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING 2011年第1期2011卷 1-16页

作者： Majidzadeh, Kambiz Baku State Univ Inst Appl Math Baku 1148 Azerbaijan ANAS Inst Informat Technol Baku 1141 Azerbaijan

We consider the inverse problem with respect to domain. We suggested a new approach for reducing the inverse problem for a domain to an equivalent problem in a variational setting and gave an effective solution algorithm for solving such problems. In order to solve boundary problem, the artificial neural network is used in each step of the iteration.

关键词： INVERSE problems (Differential equations) NEURAL network research algorithm research BOUNDARY value problems ITERATIVE methods (Mathematics)

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The Application of Memetic algorithms for Forearm Crutch Design: A Case Study

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MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING 2011年第1期2011卷 p1-14页

作者： Wu, Teresa Soni, Som Hu, Mengqi Li, Fan Badiru, Adedeji Arizona State Univ Ind Engn Program Sch Comp Tempe AZ 85287 USA USAF Ctr Rapid Prod Dev Inst Technol Dayton OH 45433 USA USAF Dept Syst & Engn Management Inst Technol Dayton OH 45433 USA

Product design has normally been performed by teams, each with expertise in a specific discipline such as material, structural, and electrical systems. Traditionally, each team would use its member's experience and knowledge to develop the design sequentially. Collaborative design decisions explore the use of optimization methods to solve the design problem incorporating a number of disciplines simultaneously. It is known that such optimized product design is superior to the design found by optimizing each discipline sequentially due to the fact that it enables the exploitation of the interactions between the disciplines. In this paper, a bi-level decentralized framework based on Memetic algorithm (MA) is proposed for collaborative design decision making using forearm crutch as the case. Two major decisions are considered: the weight and the strength. We introduce two design agents for each of the decisions. At the system level, one additional agent termed facilitator agent is created. Its main function is to locate the optimal solution for the system objective function which is derived from the Pareto concept. Thus to Pareto optimum for both weight and strength is obtained. It is demonstrated that the proposed model can converge to Pareto solutions.

关键词： algorithm research CRUTCHES MEDICINE -- Mathematics MEMETICS MATHEMATICAL optimization research

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A comparison of subpixel edge detection and correlation algorithms for the measurement of sprays

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPRAY AND COMBUSTION DYNAMICS 2011年第2期3卷 93-109页

作者： Duke, Daniel Honnery, Damon Soria, Julio Monash Univ Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn Lab Turbulence Res Aerosp & Combust Clayton Vic 3800 Australia

Optical diagnostic techniques are commonly used to observe the breakup of dense sprays. In order to extract quantitative data from such images, edge detection algorithms have commonly been used. However, correlation image velocimetry techniques are now also becoming available for such applications. An empirical comparison between these two techniques is demonstrated for the high-speed velocimetry of the breakup of an annular air-assisted spray. A threshold based sub-pixel interpolating edge detection algorithm is employed. Both real and synthetic images are used to determine the sensitivity of the error in these techniques to changes in both image noise and defocus, the two leading causes of information loss. It is demonstrated that correlation image velocimetry techniques are generally superior in precision and accuracy as compared to edge detection techniques for the application of spray velocimetry within a reasonable parameter space of noise and defocus.

关键词： algorithm research SPRAYS (Mathematics) VELOCIMETRY CORRELATION (Statistics) COMBUSTION

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Interval Type-2 Recurrent Fuzzy Neural System for Nonlinear Systems Control Using Stable Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation algorithm

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MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING 2011年第1期2011卷 1-21页

作者： Lee, Ching-Hung Chang, Feng-Yu Yuan Ze Univ Dept Elect Engn Chungli 32003 Taiwan

This paper proposes a new type fuzzy neural systems, denoted IT2RFNS-A (interval type-2 recurrent fuzzy neural system with asymmetric membership function), for nonlinear systems identification and control. To enhance the performance and approximation ability, the triangular asymmetric fuzzy membership function (AFMF) and TSK-type consequent part are adopted for IT2RFNS-A. The gradient information of the IT2RFNS-A is not easy to obtain due to the asymmetric membership functions and interval valued sets. The corresponding stable learning is derived by simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) algorithm which guarantees the convergence and stability of the closed-loop systems. Simulation and comparison results for the chaotic system identification and the control of Chua's chaotic circuit are shown to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： FUZZY neural networks NONLINEAR systems NONLINEAR control theory PERTURBATION (Mathematics) STOCHASTIC approximation algorithm research

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Temporary Workforce Planning with Firm Contracts: A Model and a Simulated Annealing Heuristic

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MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING 2011年第1期2011卷 1-18页

作者： Al-Salamah, Muhammad King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals Ind & Syst Engn Program Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia

The aim of this paper is to introduce a model for temporary staffing when temporary employment is managed by firm contracts and to propose a simulated annealing-based method to solve the model. Temporary employment is a policy frequently used to adjust the working hour capacity to fluctuating demand. Temporary workforce planning models have been unnecessarily simplified to account for only periodic hiring and laying off;a company can review its workforce requirement every period and make hire-fire decisions accordingly, usually with a layoff cost. We present a more realistic temporary workforce planning model that assumes a firm contract between the worker and the company, which can extend to several periods. The model assumes the traditional constraints, such as inventory balance constraints, worker availability, and labor hour mix. The costs are the inventory holding cost, training cost of the temporary workers, and the backorder cost. The mixed integer model developed for this case has been found to be difficult to solve even for small problem sizes;therefore, a simulated annealing algorithm is proposed to solve the mixed integer model. The performance of the SA algorithm is compared with the CPLEX solution.

关键词： TEMPORARY employment SIMULATED annealing (Mathematics) HEURISTIC algorithms HEURISTIC algorithm research

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Due-Window Assignment and Scheduling with Multiple Rate-Modifying Activities under the Effects of Deterioration and Learning

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MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING 2011年第1期2011卷 p1-19页

作者： Zhu, Zhanguo Sun, Linyan Chu, Feng Liu, Ming Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Management State Key Lab Mech Mfg Syst Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Prov Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Key Lab Minist Educ Proc Control & Efficiency Eng Xian 710049 Shaanxi Prov Peoples R China Univ Technol Troyes Inst Charles Delaunay F-10010 Troyes France CNRS FRE 2848 LOSI F-10010 Troyes France Univ Evry Val Essonne CNRS Lab Informat Biol Integrat & Syst Complexes IBISC FRE 3190 F-91020 Evry France Tongji Univ Sch Econ & Management Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China

This paper discusses due-window assignment and scheduling with multiple rate-modifying activities. Multiple types of rate-modifying activities are allowed to perform on a single machine. The learning effect and job deterioration are also integrated concurrently into the problem which makes the problem more realistic. The objective is to find jointly the optimal location to perform multiple rate-modifying activities, the optimal job sequence, and the optimal location and size of the due window to minimize the total earliness, tardiness, and due-window-related costs. We propose polynomial time algorithms for all the cases of the problem under study.

关键词： SCHEDULING algorithm research POLYNOMIALS SEQUENCES (Mathematics) TIME management

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FastTrack: Efficient and Precise Dynamic Race Detection

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COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM 2010年第11期53卷 93-101页

作者： Flanagan, Cormac Freund, Stephen N. Univ Calif Santa Cruz Dept Comp Sci Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA Williams Coll Dept Comp Sci Williamstown MA 01267 USA

Multithreaded programs are notoriously prone to race conditions Prior work developed precise dynamic race detectors that never report false alarms However, these checkers employ expensive data structures, such as vector clocks (VCs), that result in significant performance overhead This paper exploits the insight that the full generality of VCs is not necessary in most cases That is, we can replace VCs with an adaptive lightweight representation that, for almost all operations of the target program, requires constant space and supports constant time operations Experimental results show that the resulting race detection algorithm is over twice as fast as prior precise race detectors, with no loss of precision

关键词： PARALLEL programs (Computer programs) VECTOR analysis DATA analysis ACQUISITION of data COMPUTER programming algorithm research

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Using Complexity to Protect Elections

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COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM 2010年第11期53卷 74-82页

作者： Faliszewski, Piotr Hemaspaandra, Edith Hemaspaandra, Lane A. AGH Univ Sci & Technol Krakow Poland Rochester Inst Technol Rochester NY 14623 USA Univ Rochester Rochester NY USA

The article discusses the potential for computational complexity to be used as a shield for protecting election results from the influence of electronic agents. As elections have become conducted via electronic media, outside agents have begun trying to change the structure of elections by suppressing turnout, setting election district boundaries, or casting insincere votes. Using a network of algorithms and dichotomy theorems, computer scientists are attempting to understand the mechanisms underlying three types of manipulation in elections: structural control attacks, voter manipulation, and bribery.

关键词： COMPUTATIONAL complexity CORRUPT practices in elections VOTER turnout algorithm research BRIBERY VOTING research

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Hydraulic/Partitioning Tracer Tomography for DNAPL Source Zone Characterization: Small-Scale Sandbox Experiments

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010年第22期44卷 8609-8614页

作者： Illman, Walter A. Berg, Steven J. Liu, Xiaoyi Massi, Antonio Univ Waterloo Dept Earth & Environm Sci Waterloo Inst Groundwater Res Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Stanford Univ Dept Civil & Environm Engn Stanford CA 94305 USA ISTI Plant Serv Tulsa OK USA

Dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPL) are prevalent at a large number of sites throughout the world. The variable release history, unstable flow, and geologic heterogeneity make the spatial distribution of DNAPLs complex. This causes difficulties in site remediation contributing to long-term groundwater contamination for decades to centuries. We present laboratory experiments to demonstrate the efficacy of Sequential Successive linear Estimator (SSLE) algorithm that images DNAPL source zones. The algorithm relies on the fusion of hydraulic and partitioning tracer tomography (HPTT) to derive the best estimate of the K heterogeneity, DNAPL saturation (S-N) distribution, and their uncertainty. The approach is nondestructive and can be applied repeatedly. Results from our laboratory experiments show that S-N distributions compare favorably with DNAPL distributions observed in the sandbox but not so with local saturation estimates from core samples. We also found that the delineation of K heterogeneity can have a large impact on computed S-N distributions emphasizing the importance of accurate delineation of hydraulic heterogeneity.

关键词： MATHEMATICAL models research Hazardous waste site remediation Dense nonaqueous phase liquids Environmental monitoring Experiments Groundwater pollution research algorithm research Environmental sciences Tomography

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