We study the language of legal codes from different countries and legal traditions, using concepts from physics, algorithmic complexity theory and information theory. We show that vocabulary entropy, which measures th...
详细信息
We study the language of legal codes from different countries and legal traditions, using concepts from physics, algorithmic complexity theory and information theory. We show that vocabulary entropy, which measures the diversity of the author's choice of words, in combination with the compression factor, which is derived from a lossless compression algorithm and measures the redundancy present in a text, is well suited for separating different writing styles in different languages, in particular also legal language. We show that different types of (legal) text, e.g. acts, regulations or literature, are located in distinct regions of the complexity-entropy plane, spanned by the information and complexity measure. This two-dimensional approach already gives new insights into the drafting style and structure of statutory texts and complements other methods.
We propose a novel approach for detecting visual similarity between two Web pages. The proposed approach applies Gestalt theory and considers a Web page as a single indivisible entity. The concept of supersignals, as ...
详细信息
We propose a novel approach for detecting visual similarity between two Web pages. The proposed approach applies Gestalt theory and considers a Web page as a single indivisible entity. The concept of supersignals, as a realization of Gestalt principles, supports our contention that Web pages must be treated as indivisible entities. We objectify, and directly compare, these indivisible supersignals using algorithmic complexity theory. We illustrate our approach by applying it to the problem of detecting phishing scams. Via a large-scale, real-world case study, we demonstrate that 1) our approach effectively detects similar Web pages;and 2) it accuractely distinguishes legitimate and phishing pages.
The controversial concept of quantum chaos - the dynamical chaos in bounded mesoscopic quantum systems - is presented as the most important and universal instance of a new generic dynamical phenomenon: pseudochaos. Th...
详细信息
The controversial concept of quantum chaos - the dynamical chaos in bounded mesoscopic quantum systems - is presented as the most important and universal instance of a new generic dynamical phenomenon: pseudochaos. The latter characterizes the irregular behaviour of dynamical systems with discrete energy and/or frequency spectrum, which include classical systems with discrete phase space. The question of randomness is addressed in terms of the algorithmictheory of dynamical systems, using the Arnold cat map for illustration. The relationship between the algorithmictheory and ergodic theory is discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
暂无评论