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angular displacement sensor for gear position detection based on the tunneling magnetoresistance effect

MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023年第2期34卷 025112-025112页

作者： Wang, Yangyang Qin, Yi Chen, Xihou Peng, Donglin Tang, Qifu Zhang, Tianheng Chongqing Univ State Key Lab Mech Transmiss Chongqing 400044 Peoples R China Chongqing Univ Technol Liangjiang Int Coll Chongqing 400054 Peoples R China

In the fields of robotics, machine tools and spacecraft, measurement of the gear angular position lays the foundation for closed-loop positional feedback. In this article, an angular displacement sensor based on the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) effect is proposed for the precise measurement of angular displacement. The developed sensor mainly consists of a TMR element, a signal conditioning circuit, a permanent magnet and some necessary assembly components. The TMR element is composed of eight magnetic tunnel junctions, which are arranged according to the dual-full bridge structure with a spatial electric angle difference of pi/2. Signals containing time information and space information are obtained after the sinusoidal and cosine voltages signals are respectively connected in two bridges. The signals are processed by a signal conditioning circuit, and then the angular displacement is measured by counting the clock pulses. The structure, working principles and signal conditioning method of the sensor are presented in detail. Moreover, a sensor prototype and a conditioning circuit are designed for actual experiments, according to the measured gear with a modulus of 1 and tooth number of 240. The prototype sensor has a theoretical resolution of 0.00001 degrees. The experimental results show that the prototype sensor has a working stability of +/- 0.00023 degrees within 1 h, and its measurement accuracy is -0.0008611 degrees to 0.001361 degrees in the measurement range from 0 degrees to 360 degrees. Therefore, the proposed sensor can be applied to the highly precise measurement of angular displacement.

关键词： angular displacement sensor TMR position detection

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A Small-Size Inductive Absolute angular displacement sensor

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IEEE sensorS JOURNAL 2024年第16期24卷 25493-25500页

作者： Xia, Ju Tang, Qifu Wang, Yang Tang, Qingyun Chongqing Univ Technol Engn Res Ctr Mech Testing Technol & Equipment Minist Educ Chongqing 400054 Peoples R China

Traditional absolute angular displacement sensors usually cannot meet the requirements of high measurement accuracy, low environmental sensitivity, and operation in small space at the same time. This article proposes an inductive absolute angular displacement sensor, which is able to achieve high accuracy with small-sized sensing structure. The sensor employs a resonant rotor coil to enhance the strength of the induction signal, even if there are a few induction coils on the stator. The dual-channel method of absolute angular displacement measurement is used to achieve high measurement accuracy, and the environmental sensitivity is reduced by the inductive sensing method. A sensor model was established and simulated to verify the feasibility of the sensor, and then, a printed circuit board (PCB)-based prototype was fabricated. The prototype with an outer diameter of 38 mm and inner diameter of 13 mm ensures its applicability in space-limited working conditions. The experimental results show that the original error of the sensor prototype in the full scale is from -63" to 65".

关键词： sensors Coils Rotors Stators displacement measurement Accuracy Periodic structures Absolute angular displacement sensor inductive small size

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One-Port and High-Sensitivity angular displacement sensor Based on a Microwave Quarter-Wavelength Resonator

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IEEE sensorS JOURNAL 2025年第10期25卷 16991-16997页

作者： Cante-Saloma, Victor-Manuel Olvera-Cervantes, Jose-Luis Tecpoyotl-Torres, Margarita Corona-Chavez, Alonso Natl Inst Astrophys Opt & Elect Elect Dept Puebla 72840 Mexico Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos CIICAp Cuernavaca 62209 Morelos Mexico

This work presents a high-sensitivity angular displacement sensor using microstrip technology. The sensor configuration includes a stator that incorporates a quarter-wavelength angular segment, which is short-circuited through a via-hole. The rotor is designed as a transmission line, precisely aligning with the stator's angular segment to ensure optimal interaction. This article provides a comprehensive description of the design methodology and presents the equivalent electrical circuit. In addition, detailed simulation and measurement results are included. To ensure accuracy, the sensor underwent multiple measurements, which were statistically analyzed. The sensor achieves a dynamic range (DR) of 160 degrees, exhibiting excellent linearity across this range and a high sensitivity of 4.7 MHz/degrees. It also demonstrates a resolution of 2 degrees and maintains precision for each indicated angle, with an average standard deviation of 2.243 x 10(-2) GHz. Due to its single-port design, this sensor is particularly well-suited for seamless integration as a sensor node within wireless sensor networks (WSNs).

关键词： sensors Stators Rotors Transmission line measurements Resonant frequency Substrates Resonance Intelligent sensors Wireless sensor networks sensor phenomena and characterization Angle measurement angle sensor angular displacement sensor microstrip resonator microwave sensor microwave sensor node quarter-wavelength resonator rotation sensor

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Parasitic time-grating angular displacement sensor for precision position measurement of turntable bearing

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TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTE OF MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL 2023年第14期45卷 2669-2678页

作者： Wang, Yangyang Qin, Yi Chen, Xihou Peng, Donglin Wu, Liang Zhang, Tianheng Tang, Qifu Chongqing Univ Technol Liangjiang Int Coll Chongqing Peoples R China Chongqing Univ Coll Mech & Vehicle Engn Chongqing Peoples R China Chongqing Univ Coll Mech & Vehicle Engn Chongqing 400044 Peoples R China Chongqing Univ Technol Liangjiang Int Coll Chongqing 400054 Peoples R China

This paper proposes a parasitic time-grating angular displacement sensor for detecting the position of the turntable bearing. The sensor is mainly composed of probe, rotor, and supporting signal circuit. The probe consists of two separated measuring units on the left and right, and each measuring unit is composed of four sensing units with iron cores, excitation windings, and induction windings arranged according to specific rules. The rotor is made of sinusoidal isometric grooves based on the bearing end cover of the original turntable bearing. The signal processing circuit is used to filter, amplify, and compare the induction signal;meantime, it can generate the excitation signal. The high-frequency clock pulse signal is used as the measurement benchmark to realize the analysis of the position information of the induction signal. The structure and working principles of the sensor are presented in detail. Through the finite element method simulation, the feasibility of sensor scheme is verified, and the theoretical resolution of the prototype sensor is estimated to be about 1.33e-5. A sensor prototype is designed for testing, and the experimental results show that its accuracy can reach -0.003611 degrees to 0.002583 degrees in the range of [0 degrees, 360 degrees] after compensating the error point-by-point through the look-up table method.

关键词： Position measurement parasitic time grating angular displacement sensor turntable bearing error compensation

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A Planar Microwave angular displacement sensor Based on Microstrip Line Loaded Split Ring Resonators 16

A Planar Microwave Angular Displacement Sensor Based on Micr...

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16th International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT)

作者： Yan, Jingui Chen, Xinwei Ma, Runbo Shanxi Univ Sch Phys & Elect Engn Taiyuan 030000 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350389968

In this paper, a planar microwave angular displacement sensor based on microstrip line loaded split ring resonators (SRRs) is designed. The main body of the sensor is a stator formed by two overlapping layers of FR-4 substrates, consisting of a primary SRR (PSRR) coupled with a O-shaped microstrip on the lower layer substrate, and a circular window opened on the upper layer substrate to fix a rotor. The rotor is a rotatable SRR (RSRR) designed on a circular substrate, capable of being embedded in the circular window of the stator to couple with the PSRR. Simulation results show that the operating frequency range of the sensor is from 0.95 GHz to 1.75 GHz, and the sensor can achieve a dynamic detection range from 0 degrees to 180 degrees with an absolute sensitivity of 1.44 MHz/degrees. After analyzing rotor positioning error, it has been confirmed that the sensor's detection ambiguity is limited to within a 5-degree range, indicating promising potential for diverse applications in various industries.

关键词： microwave sensor angular displacement sensor split ring resonator resonant frequency

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Analysis of Multimode Circular Cross-Shaped Resonator With Asymmetric via and Its Application to Microwave angular displacement sensor

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IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2023年第5期33卷 607-610页

作者： Teng, Cheng Chio, Chi-Hou Tam, Kam-Weng Lau, Pui-Yi Univ Macau Fac Sci & Technol Macau Peoples R China Laxcen Technol Ltd Singapore Singapore

In this letter, the multimode circular cross-shaped resonator (MMC-CSR) with asymmetric via is proposed and analyzed. The formulation of via placement on the resonator asymmetrical to the input and output ports is given and exploited compared with the conventional symmetric formulation. An equivalent implementation structure is thus developed for angular displacement sensing, which is attributed to a circular stub that is printed on the top layer and held by a circular rotatable plate, while the remainder is printed on the fixed bottom layer. Rotating the circular stub along the asymmetric via leads to the linear variation of the transmission zero with angular displacement leveraging rotational displacement sensing with higher sensitivity and dynamic range. A prototyped sensor centered at 2 GHz with a 310? dynamic range in a clockwise rotation and average sensitivity of 4.03 MHz/? and 0.083 dB/? has been experimentally characterized.

关键词： Rotors sensors Sensitivity Filtering theory Stators Microwave circuits Dynamic range angular displacement sensor asymmetric via multimode circular cross-shaped resonator (MMC-CSR)

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Filtering angular displacement sensor Based on Transversal Section With Parallel-Coupled-Line Path and U-Shaped Coupled Slotline

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IEEE sensorS JOURNAL 2022年第2期22卷 1218-1226页

作者： Chio, Chi-Hou Tam, Kam-Weng Gomez-Garcia, Roberto Univ Macau Dept Elect & Comp Engn Taipa Macao Peoples R China Univ Alcala Dept Signal Theory & Commun Alcala De Henares 28871 Spain

An ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass-filtering microstrip circuit with an embedded in-band transmission zero (TZ) for co-integrated angular displacement RF sensing is reported. It is based on a two-layer structure that exploits a combination of a UWB transversal filtering section (TFS) with a parallel-coupled-line (PCL) path and a U-shaped slotline acting as the stator and a semi-circular slotline acting as the rotor. As the rotor consisting of a semi-circular slotline rotates, the degree of coupling between the slotline of the stator and the rotor is altered in a contactless fashion, thus varying the stator slotline effective lengths and, hence, the in-band TZ location and its rejection depth that enable to perform the rotation-RF-sensing task. The equivalent circuit model of the engineered dual-functionality UWB bandpass filtering/ angular displacement sensing RF device is provided, together with a numerical/parametric evaluation to study its performance. The sensing capability is analyzed for an example circuit built with a UWB bandpass filtering transfer function centered at 1.8 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 110%. Furthermore, a proof-of-concept microstrip prototype with an angular rotation range of 90 degrees is developed and tested to validate this approach experimentally. The average frequency sensitivity in terms of the variation of the in-band TZ location is 2.27 MHz/degrees, showing enhanced linearity and contactless operation as added merits compared with prior-art TFS-based rotational angle sensors.

关键词： sensors Radio frequency Filtering Slot lines Sensitivity Stators Rotors angular displacement sensor coupled slotline microwave sensor multi-functional circuit RF sensor rotational angle sensor transmission zero (TZ) transversal filtering section (TFS) ultra-wideband (UWB) circuit

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A Novel Inductive angular displacement sensor With Multi-Probe Symmetrical Structure

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IEEE sensorS JOURNAL 2022年第4期22卷 3087-3096页

作者： Sun, Shizheng Han, Yu Zhang, Hui He, Zeyin Tang, Qifu Chongqing Jiaotong Univ Sch Mechatron & Automot Engn Chongqing 400074 Peoples R China Chongqing Univ Technol Minist Educ Engn Res Ctr Mech Testing Technol & Equipment Chongqing 400054 Peoples R China

This articledevelops a novel probe-type inductive angular displacement sensor based on time-grating, which is suitable for large-diameter hollow rotary table position detection of the heavy-duty machine tools. It abandons the traditional sensor precise marking lines in spatial domain, and integrates the tested mechanical component with the sensor, which realizes the angular displacement measurement directly. The sensor is divided into three parts: 1) a permalloy probe, which is adopted the simple structure to reduce the assembly errors;2) a 45-steel rotor, which is a standard spur gear in a heavy-duty machine tool rotary table transmission system;3) three groups of copper coils, which include sinusoidal coils, cosine coils and inductive coils. The theoretical model of angular displacement measurement is derived by means of mathematical equation in detail. Then the feasibility of the sensor structure is verified by finite element simulation. After that, a sensor prototype is built and tested in the laboratory, showing that the sensor has an original error of +/- 0.018 degrees (approximately +/- 64 '') over a full 360 degrees range. The error analysis found that the systematic error is the main component. As a result, the mechanical structure and angular displacement algorithm of the sensor are optimized, which can significantly reduce the original errors of the sensor. After optimization, the final accuracy of the sensor is within +/- 0.0012 degrees (approximately +/- 4.4 '') in the range of 0 degrees-360 degrees.

关键词： sensors Coils Mechanical sensors Probes Rotors displacement measurement Magnetic field measurement angular displacement sensor inductive sensor multi-probe symmetrical structure probe-type time-grating

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An ultrahigh-sensitivity microwave angular displacement sensor with a wide dynamic range

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MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2022年第10期64卷 1700-1706页

作者： Lin, Fu-Kang Wang, Da-Wei Zhao, Wen-Sheng Yu, Yufeng Qian, Cheng Hangzhou Dianzi Univ Sch Elect & Informat Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Large Scale Integrated Circ Hangzhou Peoples R China Zhejiang Lab Res Ctr Intelligent Chips & Devices Hangzhou Peoples R China

A microwave angular displacement sensor with dynamic range up to 180 degrees and ultrahigh sensitivity is designed and fabricated. In the proposed sensor, a stator is designed for reference and a rotatable rotor is attached to it to implement real-time measurement of the rotation angle. As the rotor is attached to the stator, a CSRR-like resonant structure would be formed, with the resonant frequency linearly changing with the angular displacement. The measurement results show that the resonant frequency of the designed angular displacement sensor increases from 2.398 to 6.348 GHz linearly as the angle varies from 0 degrees to 180 degrees, with an excellent sensitivity of 21.94 MHz/degrees achieved.

关键词： angular displacement sensor complementary split-ring resonator

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A Fixed-Frequency angular displacement sensor Based on Dielectric-Loaded Metal Strip Resonator

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IEEE sensorS JOURNAL 2021年第3期21卷 2669-2675页

作者： Regalla, Premsai Kumar, A. V. Praveen Birla Inst Technol & Sci BITS Pilani Dept Elect & Elect Engn Pilani 333031 Rajasthan India

A fixed-frequency angular displacement sensor using a dielectric-loaded metal strip resonator is proposed. The dielectric body on which the strip resonator is attached is a cylinder having a high dielectric constant (epsilon(r) >> 1). The resulting resonator operates at the half-wave resonant frequency of the quasi-TEMmode of the loaded strip, which is much lower than the nominal resonant frequency of the strip. To enable angle sensing, the resonator is placed symmetrically between two 50 Omega, open-ended microstrip lines, so that the magnitude of the transmission coefficient (|S-21|) between the lines varies with the strip angle, i.e., 0(degrees) <= theta <= 90(degrees). Also, this configuration ensures constant resonant frequency operation for all angles. Simulations show that although the |S-21| versus angle curve varies exponentially in the range of 0(degrees) <= theta <= 90(degrees), the corresponding coupling coefficient varies quasi-linearly in 10(0) <= theta <= 80 degrees. A laboratory prototype for similar to 2.4 GHz resonant peak is fabricated and the simulation results are verified through prototype measurement. The advantages of the proposed sensor are that it is compact, has a simple design, and operates at a fixed frequency, enabling a low-cost, robust angular sensor.

关键词： angular displacement sensor dielectric-loaded strip resonator microstrip line transmission coefficient coupling coefficient fixed-frequency sensor

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