A hybrid method combining the equivalence principle algorithm (EPA) with physical optics (PO) is proposed to solve electromagnetic radiation of an antennaarray with perfectly electrically conducting (PEC) object of a...
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A hybrid method combining the equivalence principle algorithm (EPA) with physical optics (PO) is proposed to solve electromagnetic radiation of an antennaarray with perfectly electrically conducting (PEC) object of arbitrary shape. The main idea of this approach is based on the domain decomposition method which is a scheme for multi-scale problems. An EPA can simulate antennaarray accurately, and PO is an asymptotical method to obtain current distribution on a PEC object of arbitrary shape as an electrically large problem. For an antennaarray with identical elements, the equivalence principle operator only needs to be calculated and be stored once. Compared with the original EPA, this approach performs with higher efficiency and fewer iterations with acceptable accuracy. Numerical results demonstrate the feasibility of the hybrid method.
This article introduces a novel, binary version of wind driven optimisation (WDO) called binary WDO (BWDO), which can be specifically used for solving binary valued problems such as antennaarray and metasurface synth...
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This article introduces a novel, binary version of wind driven optimisation (WDO) called binary WDO (BWDO), which can be specifically used for solving binary valued problems such as antennaarray and metasurface synthesis. Validation of proposed algorithm is done with standard benchmark functions. To demonstrate the efficiency of BWDO, examples of thinned antennaarray and metasurface synthesis are considered. Thinned antenna array problem is solved by formulating single and multi-objective optimisation problems which achieve minimum SLL of -22.30 dB and -20.28 dB respectively, as compared to -13.2 dB by periodic array. Further, the proposed BWDO algorithm is interface with Ansys-HFSS and three design examples of metasurfaces such as MPA and AMC are further considered to exemplify the proficiency of BWDO. Simulation of optimised MPA exhibits five discrete bands of high absorptions at 8.7, 9.7, 14.6, 15.3 and 16.5 GHz with simulation reflection co-efficient value of -11.46, -10.00, -12.17, -16.19 and -20.58 dB which is less than -10 dB reflection under normal incidence of wave. Synthesised single and dual band AMC has in-phase reflection bandwidth of 0.58 and 0.34, 0.16 GHz at central frequency of 5.21 and 5.07, 6.49 GHz respectively. The measured results almost matched with the respective simulated results with slight variation due to fabrication tolerance.
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