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A Vision for Transformative Intersections

COMPUTER 2024年第12期57卷 58-68页

作者： He, Yuankai Shi, Weisong Wayne State Univ Detroit MI 48202 USA Univ Delaware Dept Comp & Informat Sci Newark DE USA

To support the rapid development, validation, and deployment of adaptive intersection systems thatmeet the complex demands of CAVs, and to optimize both traffic efficiency and road safety, we introduceOpenIntersection.

关键词： Adaptive Systems Road Safety Autonomous Vehicles Connected Vehicles Vehicle To Everything Real Time Systems Vehicle Dynamics Pedestrians Laser Radar Cameras Traffic Control Intelligent Transportation Systems Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Light Signal Autonomous Vehicles Traffic Flow Road Safety Traffic Safety Signal State Deployment Of Systems Rapid Deployment Li DAR Sensor Traffic Efficiency Object Detection application programming interface Traffic Light Situational Awareness Object Tracking Traffic Control Push And Pull Traffic System Traffic Management Intelligent Transportation Systems V 2 X Communication Automated Guided Vehicles Vulnerable Road Users Road Users Safety Critical applications Original Equipment Manufacturers Individual Vehicles Advanced Driver Assistance Systems Coverage Requirements Pedestrian Detection

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Open GL-Open CL Solar Radiation Pressure Modeling with Time-Varying Spacecraft Geometries

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JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2021年第5期18卷 307-321页

作者： Kenneally, Patrick Schaub, Hanspeter Tanygin, Sergei Univ Colorado Dept Aerosp Engn Sci Boulder CO 80303 USA

A method for the fast computation of spacecraft force and torque due to solar radiation pressure (SRP) is presented. A faceted model is employed that tracks which elements of a time-varying geometry are exposed to the sunlight, but sunlight reflections are not modeled. The method uses the highly parallel execution capabilities of commodity graphics processing unit (GPU) and the Open Graphics Library (OpenGL) and Open Compute Language (OpenCL) to render a spacecraft mesh on the GPU. A custom-developed OpenGL render pipeline computes the per-model facet SRP forces and torques that are summed on the GPU before the resultant spacecraft force and torque vectors are copied back to the CPU bound process. The process is validated on spherical and cubic test shapes. The evaluation accommodates spacecraft self-shadowing and is capable of accounting for arbitrary spacecraft articulation. Material properties are encoded with the model to provide realistic specular, diffuse, and absorption surface light interactions. Numerical simulations illustrate the impact of geometric fidelity and articulated surfaces. The faceted OpenGL-OpenCL method is up to an order of magnitude faster on integrated GPU hardware than high-end graphics card as the process is not demanding on the GPU and benefits from the fast memory transfer of on-chip processors.

关键词： Solar Radiation Spacecraft Models Graphics Processing Unit Material Properties Numerical Simulation Optical Properties application programming interface Spacecraft Configurations Spacecraft Attitude Computing Platform

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On the reaction to deprecation of clients of 4+1 popular Java APIs and the JDK

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EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2018年第4期23卷 2158-2197页

作者： Sawant, Anand Ashok Robbes, Romain Bacchelli, Alberto Delft Univ Technol SERG Delft Netherlands Free Univ Bozen Bolzano Software & Syst Engn Res Grp SwSE Bolzano Italy Univ Zurich ZEST Zurich Switzerland

application programming interfaces (APIs) are a tremendous resource-that is, when they are stable. Several studies have shown that this is unfortunately not the case. Of those, a large-scale study of API changes in the Pharo Smalltalk ecosystem documented several findings about API deprecations and their impact on API clients. We extend this study, by analyzing clients of both popular third-party Java APIs and the JDK API. This results in a dataset consisting of more than 25,000 clients of five popular Java APIs on GitHub, and 60 clients of the JDK API from Maven Central. This work addresses several short-comings of the previous study, namely: a study of several distinct API clients in a popular, statically-typed language, with more accurate version information. We compare and contrast our findings with the previous study and highlight new ones, particularly on the API client update practices and the startling similarities between reaction behavior in Smalltalk and Java. We make a comparison between reaction behavior for third-party APIs and JDK APIs, given that language APIs are a peculiar case in terms of wide-spread usage, documentation, and support from IDEs. Furthermore, we investigate the connection between reaction patterns of a client and the deprecation policy adopted by the API used.

关键词： application programming interface API usage API popularity Dataset

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Information correspondence between types of documentation for APIs

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EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2020年第5期25卷 4069-4096页

作者： Arya, Deeksha M. Guo, Jin L. C. Robillard, Martin P. McGill Univ Montreal PQ Canada

Documentation for programming languages and their APIs takes many forms, such as reference documentation, blog posts or other textual and visual media. Prior research has suggested that developers switch between reference and tutorial-like documentation while learning a new API. Documentation creation and maintenance is also an effort-intensive process that requires its creators to carefully inspect and organize information, while ensuring consistency across different sources. This article reports on the relationship between information in tutorials and in API reference documentation of three libraries on the topics: regular expressions, unified resource location and Input/Output in the two programming languages, Java and Python. Our investigation reveals that about half of the sentences in the tutorials studied describeAPI Information, i.e. syntax, behaviour, usage and performance of the API, that could be found in the reference documentation. The remaining are tutorial specific use-cases and examples. We also elicited and analyzed six types of correspondences between sentences in tutorials and reference documentation, ranging fromidenticaltoimplied. Based on our findings, we propose a general information reuse pattern as a structured abstraction to represent the systematic integration of information from the reference documentation into a tutorial. We report on the distribution of 38 instances of this pattern, and on the impact of applying the pattern automatically on the existing tutorials. This work lays a foundation for understanding the nature of information correspondence across different documentation types to inform and assist documentation generation and maintenance.

关键词： Software documentation application programming interface Qualitative analysis Exploratory study

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Efficient Tree-Based Feature Descriptor and Matching Algorithm

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JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2014年第9期11卷 596-606页

作者： Fowers, Spencer Desai, Alok Lee, D. J. Ventura, Dan Wilde, Doran Microsoft Corp Redmond WA 98052 USA Brigham Young Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Provo UT 84602 USA Brigham Young Univ Dept Comp Sci Provo UT 84602 USA

This paper presents the development of a new feature descriptor derived from previous work on the basis sparse-coding inspired similarity descriptor that provides smaller descriptor size, simpler computations, faster matching speed, and higher accuracy. The TreeBASIS descriptor algorithm uses a binary vocabulary tree that is computed offline using basis sparse-coding inspired similarity dictionary images derived from sparse coding and a test set of feature region images. The resulting tree is stored in memory for online high-speed searching for feature matching. During the online matching stage, a feature region image is binary quantized and the resulting quantized vector is passed into the basis sparse-coding inspired similarity tree. A Hamming distance is computed between the feature region images and the effectively descriptive basis sparse-coding inspired similarity dictionary images at the current node to determine the branch taken. The path the feature region image takes is saved as the descriptor, and matching is performed by following the paths of two features and iteratively reducing the distance as the path is traversed. Experimental results show that the TreeBASIS descriptor is better than basis sparse-coding inspired similarity, scale invariant feature transform, and speeded-up robust features on frame-to-frame aerial feature point matching. It requires much less computational resources and runs faster.

关键词： Matching Algorithm Speeded Up Robust Features Field Programmable Gate Array Feature Detection Computing application programming interface UAV Aeroplane Unmanned Ground Vehicle Random Access Memory

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Flatness-Based Reduced Hessian Method for Optimal Control of Aircraft

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JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS 2022年第5期45卷 921-934页

作者： Sandeepkumar, R. Mohan, Ranjith Indian Inst Technol Madras Dept Aerosp Engn Chennai 600036 Tamil Nadu India

Numerical solutions of flatness-based reformulation of optimal control problems lead to an optimization problem with fewer variables and constraints. However, the expressions for the states and controls in terms of the flat output variables can be highly nonlinear and complicated. Hence, this may lead to expensive function evaluations within the optimization problem, degradation of convexity, and issues with convergence. Thus, a flatness-based reformulation of the optimal control problems may not be a viable alternative for computational guidance and control. Alternatively, a novel flatness-based reduced Hessian sequential quadratic programming algorithm is developed in this paper to solve optimization problems for a six-degree-of-freedom aircraft. An analytical null space basis is derived from the linearized differential constraints, which leads to a reduced-dimensional quadratic program with the discretized flat outputs as decision variables. Unlike flatness-based reformulation of the optimal control problem, the null space/reduced Hessian method does not introduce additional nonlinearity and preserves the convexity of the optimization problem. A nonlinear model predictive control problem is solved to demonstrate the reduced Hessian algorithm. The algorithm is validated and Monte Carlo trials are performed to assess the effectiveness of the approach. Computational studies show that the current approach is faster than methods that directly exploit sparsity up to a factor of five.

关键词： Trajectory Optimization Aircrafts Broyden Fletcher Goldfarb Shanno Linear Quadratic Regulator Three Degrees of Freedom Numerical Optimization application programming interface Body Reference Frame Euler Angles Sideslip

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The Ruby UCSC API: accessing the UCSC genome database using Ruby

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BMC BIOINFORMATICS 2012年第1期13卷 1-6页

作者： Mishima, Hiroyuki Aerts, Jan Katayama, Toshiaki Bonnal, Raoul J. P. Yoshiura, Koh-ichiro Nagasaki Univ Grad Sch Biomed Sci Dept Human Genet Nagasaki 8528523 Japan Leuven Univ Fac Engn ESAT SCD B-3001 Louvain Belgium IBBT KULeuven Future Hlth Dept Louvain Belgium Univ Tokyo Fac Engn Database Ctr Life Sci Res Org Informat & SystBunkyo Ku Tokyo 1130032 Japan Fdn Ist Nazl Genet Mol Integrat Biol Program I-20122 Milan Italy

Background: The University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) genome database is among the most used sources of genomic annotation in human and other organisms. The database offers an excellent web-based graphical user interface (the UCSC genome browser) and several means for programmatic queries. A simple application programming interface (API) in a scripting language aimed at the biologist was however not yet available. Here, we present the Ruby UCSC API, a library to access the UCSC genome database using Ruby. Results: The API is designed as a BioRuby plug-in and built on the ActiveRecord 3 framework for the object-relational mapping, making writing SQL statements unnecessary. The current version of the API supports databases of all organisms in the UCSC genome database including human, mammals, vertebrates, deuterostomes, insects, nematodes, and yeast. The API uses the bin index-if available-when querying for genomic intervals. The API also supports genomic sequence queries using locally downloaded *.2bit files that are not stored in the official MySQL database. The API is implemented in pure Ruby and is therefore available in different environments and with different Ruby interpreters (including JRuby). Conclusions: Assisted by the straightforward object-oriented design of Ruby and ActiveRecord, the Ruby UCSC API will facilitate biologists to query the UCSC genome database programmatically. The API is available through the RubyGem system. Source code and documentation are available at https://***/misshie/bioruby-ucsc-api/ under the Ruby license. Feedback and help is provided via the website at http://***/.

关键词： Ruby application programming interface Genomic Interval Distribute Annotation System Table Class

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Managing context information in mobile devices

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IEEE PERVASIVE COMPUTING 2003年第3期2卷 42-51页

作者： Korpipää, P Mäntyjärvi, J Kela, J Keränen, H Malm, EJ VTT Elect VTT Tech Res Ctr FIN-90571 Oulu Finland

We present a uniform mobile terminal software framework that provides systematic methods for acquiring and processing useful context information from a user's surroundings and giving it to applications. The framework simplifies the development of context-aware mobile applications by managing raw context information gained from multiple sources and enabling higher-level context abstractions.

关键词： Context Framework Context Recognition Sensor Fusion Classification Context Ontology application programming interface Context Awareness Mobile Computing

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Quality-Preserving Linear Elasticity Mesh Movement Algorithm for Multi-Element Unstructured Meshes

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AIAA JOURNAL 2019年第2期57卷 521-531页

作者： Brown, David A. Nadarajah, Siva Yang, Hong Castonguay, Patrice Raiesi, Hassan Sermeus, Kurt Germain, Patrick McGill Univ Dept Mech Engn Montreal PQ H3A 2T6 Canada Bombardier Inc Adv Aerodynam Montreal PQ H4S 2A9 Canada

A linear elasticity mesh movement algorithm is presented for unstructured computational aerodynamic meshes consisting of multiple element types. An adaptive method for incrementally stiffening mesh elements is proposed based on mesh element quality. Mesh element quality is defined as the condition number of the coordinate mapping from the element at the previous increment to the current increment. This definition is adopted because it is applicable to elements of arbitrary shape or size. Augmenting the linear elasticity algorithm with this quality metric is demonstrated to improve the success rate of an implicit flow solver on the moved mesh for two practical three-dimensional test cases of industrial relevance and scale.

关键词： Linear Elasticity Industrial Relevance Poisson's Ratio Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes Tetrahedral Element Stiffness Matrices Aspect Ratio CFD application programming interface Dirichlet Boundary Condition

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Spacecraft Attitude Determination System Using Nano-Optical Devices and Linux Software Libraries

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JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2013年第8期10卷 369-384页

作者： Shake, Christopher M. Saulnier, Kelsey Bevilacqua, Riccardo Rensselaer Polytech Inst Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn Troy NY 12180 USA Rensselaer Polytech Inst Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn Troy NY 12180 USA

This paper presents a new spacecraft attitude determination system based on small optical devices and Linux-based software. This technology intends to support nanosatellite operations by providing low-cost, low-mass, low-volume, low-power, and redundant attitude determination capabilities with quick and straightforward onboard programmability for real-time spacecraft operations. The chosen commercial-off-the-shelf optical devices perform sensing and image processing on the same circuit board, and they are biologically inspired by insects' vision systems, which measure optical flow and/or track objects while navigating the environment. The firmware on the devices is modified here to enable communication with PC/104 form-factor embedded computers running RealTime application interface for Linux. Algorithms are developed for operations using optical flow mode and point-tracking mode, and an application programming interface, along with Simulink(R) S-functions, is created. The performances of the proposed system, used in optical flow mode, point-tracking mode, and a combination of the two, are assessed using a spacecraft simulator at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and they are compared with measurements from the PhaseSpace(R) motion-tracking system.

关键词： Spacecraft Attitude Nano Optical Devices Linux Software Nanosatellite application programming interface Image Processing Commercial off the Shelf Quaternions Optical Sensor Transmission Control Protocol

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