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Unified platform for storing, retrieving, and analysing biomechanical applications data using graph database

JOURNAL OF BIG DATA 2023年第1期10卷 68页

作者： Hribernik, Matevz Tomazic, Saso Umek, Anton Kos, Anton Univ Ljubljana Fac Elect Engn Trzaska Cesta 25 Ljubljana 1000 Slovenia

Sensors and smart equipment are frequently used in biomechanical systems and applications in sports and rehabilitation to measure various physical quantities. Various sensors, measuring different parameters, can produce a large amount of data at high speeds and volumes that must be stored for real-time or post-processing and analysis. In addition to sensor data, metadata is an important component and can vary between biomechanical applications. Currently however, each application typically has its own unique data flow and storage solution. In this research, we present a universal data model solution that can be applied to any sensor-based biomechanical application in sport and physical rehabilitation. Our proposed cloud platform architecture allows for the manipulation of sensor data and metadata using a combination of Big Data and conventional techniques. The main idea of this research is to develop a platform that allows a universal way for any biomechanical application to handle its data regardless of the type of data and metadata. This is achieved by creating a universal data model, and implementing this data model in a generalized architecture using a graph database. We demonstrate the benefits of this approach using examples from existing biomechanical systems and describe the development of the cloud platform architecture and the underlying data model. We also provide an example of the use of this platform in a sport shooting application. This approach is unique in that it allows data from different sources and applications to be stored and processed using the same procedures and techniques, facilitating data analysis and application development. We envision this system will expand to multiple different biomechanical applications in the future. We expect that in time, the ability to compare various data and store different biomechanical datasets will become necessity. With the advantages of modern recommender systems and utilization of artificial intelligence

关键词： Biomechanical application Sensor systems Cloud platform Big data Data modelling Graph database application programming interface Sport Rehabilitation Connected devices

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Automated performance measurement for 3D building modeling decisions

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AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION 2018年第Sep.期93卷 91-111页

作者： Yarmohammadi, Saman Castro-Lacouture, Daniel Georgia Inst Technol Sch Bldg Construct Atlanta GA 30332 USA

Building information modeling (BIM) is instrumental in documenting design, enhancing customer experience, and improving product functionality in capital projects. However, high-quality building models do not happen by accident, but rather because of a managed process that involves several participants from different disciplines and backgrounds. Throughout this process, the different priorities of design modelers often result in conflicts that can negatively impact project outcomes. To prevent such unwanted outcomes from occurring, the modeling process needs to be effectively managed. This effective management requires an ability to closely monitor the modeling process and correctly measure the modelers' performance. Nevertheless, existing methods of performance monitoring in building design practices lack an objective measurement system to quantify modeling progress. The widespread utilization of BIM tools presents a unique opportunity to retrieve granular design process data and conduct accurate performance measurements. This research improves upon previous efforts by presenting a novel application programming interface (API)-enabled approach to (a) automatically collect detailed model development data directly from BIM software packages in real-time, and (b) efficiently calculate several modeling performance measures during schematic and design development phases of building projects. These indicators can be used to properly arrange modeling teams in the quest for high-quality building models. The specific objectives of this study to examine the feasibility of a proposed automated design performance measurement framework, and to identify optimal modeling team configurations using empirical performance information. A passive data recording approach allows for the real-time capture of comprehensive user interface (UI) interaction and model element modification events. The proposed framework is implemented as an Autodesk Revit plugin. Next, an experiment is conducted

关键词： BIM Data analytics application programming interface Modeling team Performance measurement

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Novel Feature Descriptor for Low-Resource Embedded Vision Sensors for Micro Unmanned-Aerial-Vehicle applications

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JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2013年第8期10卷 385-394页

作者： Fowers, Spencer G. Lee, Dah-Jye Ventura, Dan A. Tippetts, Beau J. Brigham Young Univ Provo UT 84602 USA Brigham Young Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Provo UT 84602 USA

Feature point matching is an important step for many vision-based unmanned-aerial-vehicle applications. This paper presents the development of a new feature descriptor for feature point matching that is well suited for micro unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with a low-resource, compact, lightweight, low-power embedded vision sensor. The Basis Sparse-Coding Inspired Similarity descriptor uses theory taken from sparse coding to provide an efficient image feature description method for frame-to-frame feature point matching. This descriptor requires simple mathematical operations, uses comparatively small memory storage, and can support color and grayscale feature descriptions. It is an excellent candidate for implementation on low-resource systems that require real-time performance, where complex mathematical operations are prohibitively expensive. To demonstrate its performance, the feature matching result was used to calculate a frame-to-frame homography that is essential to unmanned-aerial-vehicle applications such as pose estimation and obstacle detection for navigation. The proposed descriptor was tested on two video sequences and one dataset of real aerial images. Experimental results show that, along with performing in situations where existing complex descriptors cannot be used, the Basis Sparse-Coding Inspired Similarity descriptor also performs slightly better than these other methods on the task of homography calculation. Our experimental results and analysis show that the Basis Sparse-Coding Inspired Similarity descriptor is an excellent candidate for a resource-limited vision sensor for micro unmanned aerial vehicles.

关键词： Sensor Systems Unmanned System Speeded Up Robust Features Field Programmable Gate Array application programming interface Image Registration Computing Platform Unmanned Ground Vehicle Matching Algorithm Microprocessors

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Some structural measures of API usability

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SOFTWARE-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 2015年第1期45卷 75-110页

作者： Rama, Girish Maskeri Kak, Avinash Infosys Ltd Elect City Bangalore Karnataka India Purdue Univ W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

In this age of collaborative software development, the importance of usable APIs is well recognized. There already exists a rich body of literature that addresses issues ranging from how to design usable APIs to assessing qualitatively the usability of a given API. However, there does not yet exist a set of general-purpose metrics that can be pressed into service for a more quantitative assessment of API usability. The goal of this paper is to remedy this shortcoming in the literature. Our work presents a set of formulas that examine the API method declarations from the perspective of several commonly held beliefs regarding what makes APIs difficult to use. We validate the numerical characterizations of API usability as produced by our metrics through the APIs of several software systems. Copyright (C) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： application programming interface API usability metrics

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Platform Pricing and Investment to Drive Third-Party Value Creation in Two-Sided Networks

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INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH 2020年第1期31卷 217-239页

作者： Tan, Burcu Anderson, Edward G., Jr. Parker, Geoffrey G. Univ New Mexico Anderson Sch Management Albuquerque NM 87106 USA Univ Texas Austin McCombs Sch Business Austin TX 78705 USA Dartmouth Coll Thayer Sch Engn Hanover NH 03755 USA

Many two-sided platforms (for example, eBay, Google, iOS, Android, Twitter, and Amazon) provide integration tools, such as modular interfaces, interactive development environments, application programming interfaces, and help desks, to reduce the costs and improve the functionality of third-party content developed for the platform. The need for such investment is increasing with the rise of major new markets as the result of technologies, such as the "Internet of Things." Although crucial to platform success, platform integration tools are costly to create. We develop an analytic model to explore the key tradeoffs behind investment in integration tools and how that investment interacts with pricing decisions in a two-sided market. We model these decisions for hardware/ software platforms as well as hybrid retail platforms and analyze them under various scenarios, including monopoly and competition. Our results suggest that considering integration investment can create market regimes in which the standard pricing results from the extant platform literature no longer hold. For example, the tendency to reduce prices to one side of a market in response to increasing the benefit of the network to the other side may be suboptimal in the presence of integration investment. Therefore, integration investments must be well coordinated with pricing decisions made for both sides of the market. In general, higher levels of investment by hardware/software platforms into integration become desirable when the platform (1) has access to a large pool of content providers and consumers, (2) is able to develop integration tools that are highly effective in reducing third-party development costs, and (3) operates in a market in which content providers earn a high-enough profit margin creating content that is highly valued by the consumer market. Hybrid retail platforms often show similar behavior. However, there are some nuances. For example, business to business platforms can make inve

关键词： two-sided markets network externality application programming interface developers integration ecosystem

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Innovation and control in standards architectures: The rise and fall of Japan's PC-98

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INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH 2000年第2期11卷 197-216页

作者： West, J Dedrick, J Univ Calif Irvine CRITO Irvine CA 92697 USA

For more than a decade NEC dominated the Japanese PC market with its PC-98 architecture, which was incompatible both with its major Japanese rivals and the global PC standard. However, NEC was powerless to prevent the introduction of Japanese versions of Windows 3.1 and 95 that ran on its competitors' architectures as well as on the PC-98, unifying the Japanese PC market and creating a common set of application programming interfaces for all Intel-based Japanese PCs. The introduction of Windows rendered obsolete the large DOS-based software library that had provided strong positive externalities for the NEC architecture. Absent those advantages, the market share of the PC-98 standard fell from 60% to 33% in five years, and NEC finally abandoned the PC-98 in favor of the global standard. An examination of the unusual rise and fall of the PC-98 shows how victory in a standards competition can be negated by the introduction of a new architectural layer that spans two or more previously incompatible architectures.

关键词： standards competition computer architecture application programming interface network externalities personal computers Japan

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To react, or not to react: Patterns of reaction to API deprecation

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EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2019年第6期24卷 3824-3870页

作者： Sawant, Anand Ashok Robbes, Romain Bacchelli, Alberto Delft Univ Technol Software Engn Res Grp Delft Netherlands Free Univ Bozen Bolz Software & Syst Engn Res Grp Bozen Bolzano Italy Univ Zurich Dept Informat Zurich Switzerland

application programming interfaces (API) provide reusable functionality to aid developers in the development process. The features provided by these APIs might change over time as the API evolves. To allow API consumers to peacefully transition from older obsolete features to new features, API producers make use of the deprecation mechanism that allows them to indicate to the consumer that a feature should no longer be used. The Java language designers noticed that no one was taking these deprecation warnings seriously and continued using outdated features. Due to this, they decided to change the implementation of this feature in Java 9. We question as to what extent this issue exists and whether the Java language designers have a case. We start by identifying the various ways in which an API consumer can react to deprecation. Following this we benchmark the frequency of the reaction patterns by creating a dataset consisting of data mined from 50 API consumers totalling 297,254 GitHub based projects and 1,322,612,567 type-checked method invocations. We see that predominantly consumers do not react to deprecation and we try to explain this behavior by surveying API consumers and by analyzing if the API's deprecation policy has an impact on the consumers' decision to react.

关键词： Deprecation application programming interface API usage Java

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The emergence of the MPI message passing standard for parallel computing

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COMPUTER STANDARDS & interfaceS 1999年第1期21卷 51-62页

作者： Hempel, R Walker, DW NEC Europe Computat & Commun Res Labs D-53757 St Augustin Germany Univ Wales Coll Cardiff Dept Comp Sci Cardiff CF2 3XF S Glam Wales

MPI has been widely adopted as the message passing interface of choice in parallel computing environments. This paper examines how MPI grew out of the requirements of the scientific research community through a broad-based consultative process. The importance of MPI in providing a portable platform upon which to build higher level parallel software, such as numerical software libraries, is discussed. The development of MPI is contrasted with other similar standardization efforts, such as those of the Parallel Computing Forum and the HPF Forum. MPI is also compared with the Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) system. Some general lessons learned from the MPI specification process are presented. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： message passing interface (MPI) application programming interface high performance computing de facto standard high performance Fortran (HPF)

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Automated Mesh Deformation for Computer-Aided Design Models That Exhibit Boundary Topology Changes

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AIAA JOURNAL 2020年第9期58卷 4128-4141页

作者： Sun, Liang Yao, Weigang Robinson, Trevor T. Armstrong, Cecil G. Marques, Simao P. Queens Univ Belfast Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn Belfast BT7 1NN Antrim North Ireland Univ Surrey Dept Mech Sci Guildford GU2 7XH Surrey England Univ Ulster Coleraine Londonderry North Ireland De Montfort Univ Leicester Leics England

This paper describes an automated approach to deform an analysis mesh applied to a computer-aided design (CAD) model in response to a change in the shape of the CAD model. The process has been used to overcome a key issue that occurs during the shape optimization process. It is an advance over existing techniques because it works even when the boundary topology of the CAD model changes during the shape change, which other approaches cannot generally accommodate. To achieve the deformation, an analysis topology representation is created for each model, such that there is a one-to-one mapping between the analysis topology representing the models before and after the shape change. Strategies are presented to parameterize the superset entities in the analysis topology that have no global mathematical definition. The surface mesh is deformed in a way that allows the underlying surface/edge parameterizations to change, and it is shown how the domain mesh can be updated based on the surface mesh deformation. If the models before and after shape change have the same genus, then a small dimensional change in the shape of the model will result in meshes with the same topology, even if the topology of the underlying CAD representation has changed. This is highly desirable when evaluating sensitivities to a design change during an optimization.

关键词： Computer Aided Design Shape Optimization application programming interface Fuselages CFD Analysis Linear Elasticity Airfoil Profiles Wing Tip Finite Element Analysis Open Source Software

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Drift Detection for Black-Box Deep Learning Models

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IT PROFESSIONAL 2024年第2期26卷 24-31页

作者： Piano, Luca Garcea, Fabio Cavallone, Andrea Vazquez, Ignacio Aparicio Morra, Lia Lamberti, Fabrizio Polytech Univ Turin Dept Control & Comp Engn I-10129 Turin Italy Reale Mutua Assicurazioni Data Sci Ctr Excellence I-10122 Turin Italy Reale Seguros Data Sci Ctr Excellence Madrid 28002 Spain

Dataset drift is a common challenge in machine learning, especially for models trained on unstructured data, such as images. In this article, we propose a new approach for the detection of data drift in black-box models, which is based on Hellinger distance and feature extraction methods. The proposed approach is aimed at detecting data drift without knowing the architecture of the model to monitor, the dataset on which it was trained, or both. The article analyzes three different use cases to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, encompassing a variety of tasks including document segmentation, classification, and handwriting recognition. The use cases considered for the drift are adversarial assaults, domain shifts, and dataset biases. The experimental results show the efficacy of our drift detection approach in identifying changes in distribution under various training settings.

关键词： Training Degradation Computational Modeling Closed Box Training Data Computer Architecture Detection Algorithms Data Models Machine Learning Deep Learning Data Integrity Deep Learning Models Drift Detection Machine Learning Training Set Data Distribution Training Dataset Changes In Distribution Image Classification Domain Shift Model Architecture application programming interface Inference Time Unstructured Data Artificial Intelligence Systems Dataset Bias Hellinger Distance Auxiliary Model Compact Embedding Artificial Intelligence Solutions Machine Learning Challenges Adversarial Examples Variational Autoencoder Latent Space Fast Gradient Sign Method Adversarial Attacks Source Task Variational Autoencoder Model Time Window Systematic Bias Training Data

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