In 2023, the Ascon cipher suite was selected as the winner of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standardization process for lightweight cryptography, and has emerged as the leading candidate fo...
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In 2023, the Ascon cipher suite was selected as the winner of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standardization process for lightweight cryptography, and has emerged as the leading candidate for cryptographic algorithms in resource-constrained environments. This cipher suite provides authenticated encryption with associated data and hash functionality. NIST's Ascon proposal consists of two symmetric ciphers, Ascon-128 and Ascon-128a, a hash function, Ascon-HASH, an extendible output function, Ascon-XOF, and a new cipher variant, Ascon-80pq, with increased resistance to quantum attacks. This study presents an overview of the mathematical background, security principles and key properties of the Ascon cipher suite. In addition, a comprehensive performance evaluation of Ascon on various arduino platforms, such as arduino DUE, arduino Mega2560, arduino Nano Every and arduino Nano ESP32, is performed. A detailed comparative analysis of these implementations is also provided.
Diabetes in older adults can lead to complications such as peripheral artery disease, neuropathy, and foot ulcers. Accessing treatments can be challenging due to limited resources. Implementing low-cost preventive the...
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Diabetes in older adults can lead to complications such as peripheral artery disease, neuropathy, and foot ulcers. Accessing treatments can be challenging due to limited resources. Implementing low-cost preventive therapies like Buerger's exercises is essential. However, these exercises must be standardized. The purpose was to develop an arduino-based electronic system as a gerontechnological tool for homologating Buergers exercises and facilitating their execution by older adults with diabetes mellitus. The Intervention Theory by Sidani guided the development of this study. A feasibility and pilot study with one group, pretest/posttest design, was conducted in twenty older adults with HbA1c <= 8% and their caregivers in Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico, from November 2020 to June 2021. Feasibility was measured with an acceptability and satisfaction instrument;the ankle-arm index was measured with 8 Hertz Doppler and neuropathy symptoms with a modified Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score. The mean age was 67.50 +/- 5.61 years old in older adults and 48.32 +/- 16.26 in caregivers. The digital instructor was accepted by 73.3% (11 older adults) without any issues;47.4% (9 older adults) and 26.3% (6 caregivers) expressed high levels of satisfaction. Participants noted significant benefits such as improved peripheral circulation, reduced pain, numbness, and tingling. These promising results underscore the potential of the electronic system to make a noticeable improvement in the lives of older adults with diabetes mellitus and their caregivers. The device was meticulously designed to be user-friendly and accessible, making it ideal gerontechnological tool to manage health at home.
The increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) needs efficient and cost-effective charging solutions. This study presents a smart on-board charging system using low-cost materials while ensuring safe and optimized...
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The increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) needs efficient and cost-effective charging solutions. This study presents a smart on-board charging system using low-cost materials while ensuring safe and optimized battery management. The proposed system is controlled by an arduino MEGA 2560 microcontroller, integrating Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) for precise voltage regulation and real-time monitoring of charging parameters, including voltage, current, and state of charge (SoC). The charging process is structured into three states (connection, standby, and charging) and follows a multi-stage strategy to prevent overcharging and prolong battery lifespan. A relay system and safety mechanisms detect disconnections and voltage mismatches, automatically halting charging when unsafe conditions arise. Experimental validation with a 12 V lead-acid battery verifies that the system follows standard charging profiles, ensuring optimal energy management and charging efficiency. The proposed charger demonstrates significant cost savings (similar to 94.82 (sic)) compared to commercial alternatives (1200 (sic)-2000 (sic)), making it a viable low-power solution for EV charging research and a valuable learning tool in academic environments. Future improvements include a printed circuit board (PCB) redesign to enhance system reliability and expand compatibility with higher voltage batteries. This work proves that affordable smart charging solutions can be effectively implemented using embedded control and modulation techniques.
In recent years, coding has become a useful component of education at all levels, leading to the emergence of various programmable devices and platforms, such as arduino. These tools offer students opportunities to en...
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In recent years, coding has become a useful component of education at all levels, leading to the emergence of various programmable devices and platforms, such as arduino. These tools offer students opportunities to enhance their coding skills through hands-on experiences or graphical simulations. However, the literature lacks a comprehensive instrument for evaluating code skills via such technologies. To address this gap, this study introduces the "Assessing arduino Basics in Coding" (AABC) tool. This tool was validated and refined with 151 university students, who completed three experimental exercises followed by coding-related questions. Students were divided into two groups. The first group implemented the experiments with physical-tangible boards, while the second used graphical interfaces in a virtual environment. The analysis of questionnaire scores underwent four steps. Initially, Item Response Theory was employed to discard questions resulting in unscaled scores. Subsequently, Exploratory Factor Analysis identified three factors corresponding to the three exercises. Additionally, Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed the questionnaire's structure, indicating high reliability (chi(2)[74] = 74.5, p = 0.463, CFI = 0.995, TLI = 0.994, RMSEA = 0.00612, SRMR = 0.0625). Lastly, measurement invariance testing demonstrated that AABC is unaffected by the user interface, suggesting its usability for evaluating arduino coding skills regardless of the interface used. Overall, the AABC tool provides a reliable method for evaluating coding skills in basic arduino circuits, contributing to advancements in coding education.
A cheap and easy to use arduino self-assembled automatic system was employed to continuously monitor the hydrogen peroxide consumption during the photo-Fenton degradation of caffeine, selected as model target compound...
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A cheap and easy to use arduino self-assembled automatic system was employed to continuously monitor the hydrogen peroxide consumption during the photo-Fenton degradation of caffeine, selected as model target compound. The automatic system made it possible to measure the H2O2 concentration in the reaction cell via a colorimetric reaction and to take samples for HPLC analysis minimising the operator manual intervention and exposure to UV radiation. The obtained results were compared in terms of LOD and LOQ with H2O2 measurements manually performed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, evidencing better analytical performance when using the automatic system;LOD and LOQ were respectively 0.032 mM and 0.106 mM for the automatic system against 0.064 mM and 0.213 mM for UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Furthermore, the photo-Fenton treatment was optimised by means of a Design of Experiments (DoE) investigating the effect of added H2O2 concentration, iron concentration and caffeine initial concentration on system performances. The use of the automatic device for such monitoring provided several advantages: automation (with consequent reduction of the workload), measurement increased precision, reduced reagents consumption and waste production in agreement with the principles of Green Analytical Chemistry.
The development of programming skills and computational thinking in the formal educational context is one of the most recent horizons set by many educational systems worldwide. Although the first computational thinkin...
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The development of programming skills and computational thinking in the formal educational context is one of the most recent horizons set by many educational systems worldwide. Although the first computational thinking initiatives are being applied from the earliest school ages, this research focuses on the secondary education level. Specifically, the objective is the following: to analyse the implementation of arduino, as well as the benefits and opportunities it brings to secondary school students. For this purpose, documentary research has been undertaken applying a systematic review according to the PRISMA 2020 framework following the PiCoS strategy. *** 9 was used to analyse the information. Out of 316 papers identified, 37 were included in the research. In relation to the results, arduino is primarily used in technology and physics subjects, although it is also used to develop interdisciplinary STEAM projects. As a rule, it is used to learn programming languages, but likewise as a resource to develop science experiments. LED lights, servomotors and breadboards are among the most commonly used resources together with the arduino board. and Scratch was the most widely used software. The initiatives implemented have yielded both positive and negative results, for example, one drawback is that some projects are very difficult, and some achievements such as: increased motivation towards the contents addressed or also the development of some soft skills, such as problem solving.
Utilizing arduino development boards for learning microcontroller circuits is a prevalent practice across various educational levels. Nevertheless, the literature offers limited insights into the impact of these board...
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Utilizing arduino development boards for learning microcontroller circuits is a prevalent practice across various educational levels. Nevertheless, the literature offers limited insights into the impact of these boards on student performance and attitudes. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the performance of 58 university students in learning microcontroller circuits with modular boards designed for arduino through a series of 4 exercises. Specifically, students' performance is assessed through pre-tests and post-tests, in three learning units: (a) microcontroller, (b) coding, and (c) circuit. Additionally, the study captures students' attitudes and measures their perceived usability of modular boards. For this purpose, the students completed a specially designed attitude questionnaire and the system usability scale (SUS) questionnaire. Statistical analysis is conducted using t-tests, ANOVA, and ANCOVA, along with bootstrapping. The findings reveal statistically significant differences between pre-tests and post-tests in all cases. Among the three learning units, the use of modular boards appears to have the most significant impact on coding. Based on students' responses, the SUS results indicate that modular boards appear to be a quite usable approach for teaching microcontrollers. Finally, students generally express positive attitudes toward modular boards.
The integration of digital technology into various sectors has transformed education globally, yet its adoption in Nigeria remains constrained by a lack of adequately trained personnel. This study addresses this gap b...
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The integration of digital technology into various sectors has transformed education globally, yet its adoption in Nigeria remains constrained by a lack of adequately trained personnel. This study addresses this gap by developing a Project-Based arduino Robot Application (PARA) for teaching Robotics Programming to preservice teachers. A Research and Development (R&D) design was employed, and data were collected from 35 participants drawn from the Department of Computer and Robotics Education and the ICT Centre at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, using a total sampling technique. Three validated instruments were used: the Robotics Programming Needs Assessment Questionnaire (RPNEQ), PARA Expert Validation Questionnaire (PEVQ), and PARA User Satisfaction Scale (PUSC), with reliability coefficients of 0.87, 0.84, and 0.88, respectively. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and one-sample t-test. The results showed that effective strategies for teaching and learning programming include hands-on approaches, programming with tangible robotics kits that make learning engaging, using instructional videos, employing simple robotics projects that clarify control structures, and fostering teamwork in programming classes. Based on these findings, PARA was developed as a practical solution. Both experts and users expressed high levels of satisfaction with its design, usability, and educational impact. It is recommended that the Ministry of Education collaborates with schools to adopt project-based arduino robot applications like PARA to enhance programming education, leveraging its benefits to improve learning outcomes.
arduino microcontrollers are used for a wide range of technological and biomedical applications, such as image classification, computer vision, brain-computer interaction and vision experiments. Here, we present a new...
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arduino microcontrollers are used for a wide range of technological and biomedical applications, such as image classification, computer vision, brain-computer interaction and vision experiments. Here, we present a new cost-effective mini-device based on RGB LED flicker stimulation for the assessment of the chromatic temporal resolution of the visual function based on the concept of critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF). The assembly of the device and its testing in thirty young subjects demonstrate the steady white visual perception of a trichromatic flicker stimulus (mixture of red, green and blue stimuli) beyond the CFF. Macular function as measured by photo-stress recovery time (PRT) was found to be independent of the CFF measurements for red, green and blue lights. However, a statistical correlation was found between the contrast modulation for CFF for red and green stimuli and PRT. Finally, wavefront measurements demonstrate that high-order aberrations improve the temporal resolution of the visual function.
作者：
dos Santos, Paulo LopesPerdicoulis, T-P AzevedoUniv Porto
INESC TEC Inst Engn Sistemas & Comp Tecnol & Cien Rua Dr Roberto Frias S-N P-4200465 Porto Portugal Univ Porto
Fac Engn Rua Dr Roberto Frias S-N P-4200465 Porto Portugal UTAD
ISR Coimbra P-5001801 Vila Real Portugal UTAD
Dept Matemat P-5001801 Vila Real Portugal
The step response of first-order systems is vital in control systems and electronics. Understanding this behaviour is key but often challenging. This article uses arduino with PWM to teach the step response in RC circ...
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The step response of first-order systems is vital in control systems and electronics. Understanding this behaviour is key but often challenging. This article uses arduino with PWM to teach the step response in RC circuits, since arduino enables real-time data acquisition and visualisation, connecting theory to practice. The research seeks to illustrate the step response of an RC circuit using arduino, deepen knowledge of first-order systems, and offer a technique for collecting experimental data. All of this, since combining practical experiments with theoretical concepts boosts student involvement and understanding of dynamic systems. The work includes theoretical foundations, experimental procedures, and a brief discussion on the educational value of these activities.
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