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Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS)

作者： Krendelev, Sergey F. Yakovlev, Mikhail Usoltseva, Maria Novosibirsk State Univ Lab Modern Comp Technol Novosibirsk 630090 Russia Novosibirsk State Univ Dept Informat Technol Novosibirsk 630090 Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9788360810583

In this article we describe two alternative order-preserving encryption schemes. First scheme is based on arithmetic coding and the second scheme uses sequence of matrices for data encrypting. In the beginning of this paper we briefly describe previous related work published in recent time. Then we propose alternative variants of OPE and consider them in details. We examine drawbacks of these schemes and suggest possible ways of their improvement. Finally we present statistical results of implemented prototypes and discuss further work.

关键词： Educational institutions Encoding Encryption Generators Linear approximation Polynomials cryptography arithmetic coding Linear approximation Educational institutions dynamos Polynomial matrices ENCRYPTION SCHEMES Scheme

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Neural Network-Based arithmetic coding for Inter Prediction Information in HEVC

Neural Network-Based Arithmetic Coding for Inter Prediction ...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (IEEE ISCAS)

作者： Ma, Changyue Liu, Dong Peng, Xiulian Zha, Zheng-Jun Wu, Feng Univ Sci & Technol China CAS Key Lab Technol Geospatial Informat Proc & Ap Hefei 230027 Anhui Peoples R China Microsoft Res Asia Beijing 100080 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728103976

Entropy coding is a fundamental technique in video coding to remove the statistical redundancy in syntax elements. Currently, context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) is used as the entropy coding tool in HEVC. Considering that the manually designed binarization and context models are not flexible to estimate the probability of the syntax elements, we use neural networks to estimate the probability of the syntax elements, then the estimated probabilities together with the values of the syntax elements are fed into an arithmetic coding engine to fulfill entropy coding. In this paper, we focus on the syntax elements of inter prediction information that consists of merge flag, merge index, reference index, motion vector difference and motion vector prediction index in HEVC under low-delay P (LDP) setting. Compared with the previous work on neural network-based arithmetic coding for intra prediction modes and intra DC coefficients, there are three new characteristics in this paper. First, surrounding syntax elements are directly fed into the neural network without converting to reconstructed pixels. Second, unified neural networks are designed for different prediction block sizes. Finally, dependency among the syntax elements in current prediction unit is omitted to improve parallelism. Experimental results show that compared with HEVC, our proposed method achieves up to 0.5% and on average 0.3% BD-rate reduction in LDP configuration.

关键词： arithmetic coding CABAC HEVC inter prediction information neural network

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MODIFIED DEcoding METRIC OF DISTRIBUTED arithmetic coding

MODIFIED DECODING METRIC OF DISTRIBUTED ARITHMETIC CODING

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

作者： Yang, Yanchao Qi, Mingwei Zhou, Junwei Cheng, Lee-Ming Wuhan Univ Technol Sch Comp Sci & Technol Wuhan Peoples R China City Univ Hong Kong Dept Elect Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China

ISBN: (数字)9781728163956

ISBN: (纸本)9781728163956

As an alternative implementation of Slepian-Wolf coding, distributed arithmetic coding is very competitive in short and medium block lengths. The existing distributed arithmetic coding decoder uses the maximum a posteriori metric and the M-algorithm to select the decoding sequence by considering the prior information. Since the prior probability distribution has been explored by the encoding process via the model stage and retained in the codeword, we propose a modified decoding metric ignoring the prior information. The reliability of the decoding paths is only determined by the correlation between the side information and the input source. Simulation results show that the modified metric can significantly reduce the decoding error.

关键词： Slepian-Wolf coding distributed arithmetic coding arithmetic coding distributed source coding

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A flexible JPEG2000 image encryption based on arithmetic coding

A flexible JPEG2000 image encryption based on arithmetic cod...

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International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems

作者： Ou, Yang Lee, Won-Young Rhee, Kyung Hyune Pukyong Natl Univ Dept Informat Security Pusan South Korea Pukyong Natl Univ Div Elect Comp & Telecommun Engn Busan 608737 South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781424414468

In this paper, we propose a flexible JPEG2000 image encryption based on arithmetic coding which combines both compression and encryption. Particularly, we randomly add a subinterval to the probability interval in each coding step during the iterative process of arithmetic coder. The range of this subinterval. can be flexibly adjusted depending on the properties of different applied environments. Furthermore, our approach supports backward compatibility so that an encryption-unaware format-compliant player can play the encrypted code stream without any crash. Notably, our algorithm achieves a very simple switch between the standard compression model and our joint model.

关键词： arithmetic coding joint compression and encryption MQ coder JPEG2000

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Adaptive Path Profiling Using arithmetic coding 21

Adaptive Path Profiling Using Arithmetic Coding

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21st IEEE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems ICPADS

作者： Chen, Gonglong Dong, Wei Zhejiang Univ Coll Comp Sci Hangzhou Zhejiang Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769557854

Path profiling, which aims to trace a program's execution path, has been widely adopted in various areas such as record and replay, program optimizations, performance diagnosis, and etc. Many path profiling approaches have been proposed in the literature, including B.L. algorithm, and PAP. Unfortunately, both approaches suffer from large tracing overhead for representing long execution paths. In this paper, we propose AdapTracer, a path profiling approach based on arithmetic coding. There are two salient features in AdapTracer. First, it is space efficient by adopting a path profiling algorithm based on arithmetic coding. Second, it is adaptive by explicitly considering the execution frequency of each edge. We have implemented AdapTracer to profile Android applications. Our experimental evaluation uses modified JGF benchmarks to show AdapTracer's efficiency. Experimental results show that AdapTracer reduces the trace size by 44% on average and incurs execution overhead by 10% at most compared to PAP.

关键词： Path profiling arithmetic coding adaptive

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arithmetic coding for countable alphabet sources with finite precision

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2001年第10期E84A卷 2576-2582页

作者： Nishiara, M Morita, H Univ Electrocommun Grad Sch Informat Syst Chofu Tokyo 1828585 Japan

An improved arithmetic coding which provides an encoder with finite calculation precision for source sequences over a countable alphabet is presented. Conventional arithmetic coding theoretically has infinite precision for real variables. However any algorithm implemented on a computer has finite precision. This implies that conventional arithmetic codes can only encode sequences over a finite alphabet. The improved arithmetic coding presented here has a computational complexity which is roughly proportional to the length of the source sequence for a given source.

关键词： arithmetic coding countable alphabet finite precision of calculation implementation of coding algorithm

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arithmetic coding FOR DATA-COMPRESSION

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COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM 1987年第6期30卷 520-540页

作者： WITTEN, IH NEAL, RM CLEARY, JG Dept. of Computer Science The University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Canada T2N 1N4 Dept. of Computer Science The University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Canada T2N 1N4 Dept. of Computer Science The University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Canada T2N 1N4

This article presents information on the use of arithmetic coding for data compression. The article briefly reviews basic concepts of data compression and introduces the model-based approach that underlies most modern techniques. To many, data compression conjures up an assortment of ad hoc techniques such as conversion of spaces in text to tabs, creation of special codes for common words, or run-length coding of picture data. This contrasts with the more modern model-based paradigm for coding, where, from an input string of symbols and a model, an encoded string is produced that is usually a compressed version of the input. The decoder, which must have access to the same model, regenerates the exact input string from the encoded string. The model is a way of calculating in any given context, the distribution of probabilities for the next input symbol. It must be possible for the decoder to produce exactly the same probability distribution in the same context. Compression is achieved by transmitting the more probable symbols in fewer bits than the less probable ones.

关键词： Adaptive modeling arithmetic coding Huffman coding

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An Integrated Approach for Lossless Image Compression Using CLAHE, Two-Channel Encoding and Adaptive arithmetic coding

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SN Computer Science 2024年第5期5卷 523页

作者： Kumar, P. R. Rajesh Prabhakar, M. School of Computer Science and Engineering REVA University Bangalore India

Lossless image compression techniques play a crucial role in preserving image quality while reducing storage space and transmission bandwidth. This paper proposes a novel hybrid integrated method for lossless image compression by combining Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE), two-channel encoding, and adaptive arithmetic coding to achieve highly efficient compression without any loss of image information. The first step of the proposed approach involves applying Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) to enhance the local contrast of the image. This pre-processing step aids in reducing the entropy and increasing the redundancy in the image, creating a more favourable environment for subsequent compression algorithms. Next, the image is divided into two channels: one channel focuses on encoding essential structural information, while the other channel handles the finer details. This segregation leverages the inherent properties of images to improve compression efficiency. To achieve further compression gains, an adaptive arithmetic coding algorithm for encoding the data in each channel is utilized. Adaptive arithmetic coding adapts its probability model during the encoding process, leading to improved compression performance compared to traditional static coding methods. The proposed method offers significant potential in various applications, it is especially crucial in medical imaging, where large volumes of high-resolution images are generated during procedures such as MRI, CT scans, or digital pathology, transmitting high-quality images in resource-constrained environments, and facilitating image processing tasks requiring precise data preservation. CLAHE can be a valuable tool in medical imaging to enhance essential diagnostic information in medical images before compression. By improving contrast and visibility of structures, CLAHE may aid in achieving better compression efficiency and reduce the risk of introducing compres

关键词： arithmetic coding Bit rate CLAHE coding efficiency Compression ratio Lossless image coding Pre-processing Two-channel coding

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Comprehensive Analysis of Software-Based Fault Tolerance with arithmetic coding for Performant Encoding of Integer Calculations 1

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41st International Conference on Safety, Reliability, and Security of Computer-Based Systems (SAFECOMP)

作者： Fischer, Marc Riedel, Oliver Lechler, Armin Univ Stuttgart Inst Control Engn Machine Tools & Mfg Units D-70174 Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (数字)9783031148354

ISBN: (纸本)9783031148354;9783031148347

Safety-critical systems are becoming more complex with use cases like autonomous driving or human-robot collaboration. Therefore, the performance impact of software-based fault-tolerance methods is challenging. Using software-based fault tolerance is an attractive approach because commercial off-the-shelf hardware can be used. One possibility to implement software-based fault tolerance are arithmetic codes, already used in safety-critical products. Recently, AN codes have received particular attention;however, they have a significant performance impact in complex safety applications that require 64-bit wide integer calculations. Therefore, we comprehensively analyze different arithmetic codes in this work to identify the best suitable 64-bit integer support. We identify the ones' complement as the best matching encoding strategy through new code metrics, fault simulations, and performance analysis. We validate our results by applying ones' complement coding to a sample algorithm. Performance measurements and fault injection simulation confirm our results.

关键词： arithmetic coding Fault tolerance Ones' complement

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An optimized context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding algorithm in progressive H.264 encoder

An optimized context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding...

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Conference on Visual Information Processing XV

作者： Xiao, guang Shi, xu-li An, ping yang-Zhang, zhao Gao, ge Teng, guo-wei Shanghai Univ Sch Commun & Informat Engn Shanghai 200072 Peoples R China Minist Educ Key Lab Adv Displays & Syst Applicat Shanghai 200072 Peoples R China Shanghai Municipal Educ Examinat Author 500 South Qinzhou Rd Shanghai 200235 Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Engn Sci Shanghai Peoples R China SVA GRP Co Ltd Cent Res Acad Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819463027

Context-based Adaptive Binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) is a new entropy coding method presented in H.264/AVC that is highly efficient in video coding. In the method, the probability of current symbol is estimated by using the wisely designed context model, which is adaptive and can approach to the statistic characteristic. Then an arithmetic coding mechanism largely reduces the redundancy in inter-symbol. Compared with UVLC method in the prior standard, CABAC is complicated but efficiently reduce the bit rate. Based on thorough analysis of coding and decoding methods of CABAC, This paper proposed two methods, sub-table method and stream-reuse methods, to improve the encoding efficiency implemented in H.264 JM code. In JM, the CABAC function produces bits one by one of every syntactic element. Multiplication operating times after times in the CABAC function lead to it inefficient. The proposed algorithm creates tables beforehand and then produce every bits of syntactic element. In JM, intra-prediction and inter-prediction mode selection algorithm with different criterion is based on RDO(rate distortion optimization) model. One of the parameter of the RDO model is bit rate that is produced by CABAC operator. After intra-prediction or inter-prediction mode selection, the CABAC stream is discard and is recalculated to output stream. The proposed Stream-reuse algorithm puts the stream in memory that is created in mode selection algorithm and reuses it in encoding function. Experiment results show that our proposed algorithm can averagely speed up 17 to 78 MSEL higher speed for QCIF and CIF sequences individually compared with the original algorithm of JM at the cost of only a little memory space. The CABAC was realized in our progressive h.264 encoder.

关键词： arithmetic coding video coding context modeling H.264 CABAC

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