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arithmetic coding FOR FINITE-STATE NOISELESS CHANNELS

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 1994年第1期40卷 100-107页

作者： SAVARI, SA GALLAGER, RG MIT DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI CAMBRIDGE MA 02139 USA

We analyze the expected delay for infinite precision arithmetic codes, and suggest a practical implementation that closely approximates the idealized infinite precision model.

关键词： arithmetic coding EXPECTED DELAY ANALYSIS FINITE PRECISION arithmetic

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arithmetic coding in parallel

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE 2005年第6期16卷 1207-1217页

作者： Supol, J Melichar, B Czech Tech Univ Fac Elect Engn Dept Comp Sci & Engn Prague 12135 2 Czech Republic

We present an EREW PRAM cost optimal parallel algorithm for arithmetic coding computation. We solve the problem in 0(log n) time using n/log n processors. Each part of the algorithm as well as a well-known parallel pr... 详细信息

关键词： arithmetic coding EREW PRAM NC algorithm parallel prefix computation parallel text compression

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arithmetic coding with forbidden symbol and optimized adaptive context tree modeling (GRASP algorithm) for H.264 video coders

Arithmetic coding with forbidden symbol and optimized adapti...

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International Conference on Signal Processing, Communications and Networks

作者： Logashanmugam, E. Sreejaa, B. S. Ramachandran, R. Sathyabama University Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering Chennai

ISBN: (纸本)9781424409969

In this paper we propose applying an adaptive context tree weighting method with a forbidden symbol in the H.264 coder. arithmetic codes with a forbidden symbol and a trellis search techniques are employed on an order to estimate the best transmitted codeword. Instead of using the context modeling defined in the H.264 standard, the arithmetic code with a forbidden symbol uses a CTW method. The CABAC algorithm is replaced by GRASP algorithm and the experimental results show that coding gains similar or superior to those obtained with the H.264/AVC CABAC algorithm and arithmetic coding.

关键词： advanced video coding arithmetic coding forbidden symbol GRASP algorithm CTW method and compression

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arithmetic coding with Constrained Carry Operations 6

Arithmetic Coding with Constrained Carry Operations

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Conference on Visual Information Processing and Communication VI

作者： Malifoodh, Abo-Talib Said, Amir Yea, Sehoon Michigan State Univ E Lansing MI 48824 USA LG Elect Mobile Res San Jose CA 95112 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781628415001

Buffer or counter-based techniques are adequate for dealing with carry propagation in software implementations of arithmetic coding, but create problems in hardware implementations due to the difficulty of handling worst-case scenarios, defined by very long propagations. We propose a new technique for constraining the carry propagation, similar to "bit-stuffing," but designed for encoders that generate data as bytes instead of individual bits, and is based on the fact that the encoder and decoder can maintain the same state, and both can identify the situations When it desired to limit carry propagation. The new technique adjusts the coding interval in a way that corresponds to coding an unused data symbol, but selected to minimize overhead. Our experimental results demonstrate that the loss in compression can be made very small using regular precision for arithmetic operations.

关键词： arithmetic coding carry propagation signal compression

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arithmetic coding for Floating-Points and Elementary Mathematical Functions 5

Arithmetic Coding for Floating-Points and Elementary Mathema...

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5th International Conference on System Reliability and Safety (ICSRS)

作者： Fischer, Marc Riedel, Oliver Lechler, Armin Univ Stuttgart Inst Control Engn Machine Tools & Mfg Units D-70174 Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781665400497

Software-based fault tolerance enables the usage of standard hardware in safety-critical applications. arithmetic coding is a promising approach for fault tolerance and is already used in the area of production systems. To enable the usage of complex safety functions, e.g. in human-robot collaboration, basic mathematical functions must be supported by the software-based fault-tolerance approach. Thereby, the basic mathematical functions require the full support of floating point values. Therefore, in this paper, we present a methodology to apply arithmetic coding on all types of floating-point functions including the basic mathematical functions. For each type, an example of implementation is shown. To validate our approach, we use the inverse kinematic of a cable robot as an example algorithm where the application of arithmetic coding is done automatically with a source-to-source transformation approach. Fault injection experiments validate the effectiveness of the presented approach.

关键词： arithmetic coding floating-point mathematical functions safety fault-tolerance

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arithmetic coding for Floating-Point Numbers

Arithmetic Coding for Floating-Point Numbers

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IEEE Conference on Dependable and Secure Computing (DSC)

作者： Fischer, Marc Riedel, Oliver Lechler, Armin Verl, Alexander Univ Stuttgart Inst Control Engn D-70174 Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781728175348

To enable the usage of standard hardware in safety-critical applications for production systems, new approaches for hardware fault tolerance are required. These approaches must be implemented on software level. As shown in the literature, arithmetic coding is a promising approach, but only supports integer calculations. For complex safety functions, e.g. in robotics, fast floating-point calculations are needed. Therefore, this paper presents a method for direct arithmetic encoding of floating-point calculations with low-performance impact. Moreover, a detailed residual error estimation is given.

关键词： arithmetic coding floating-point safety fault tolerance information redundancy

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A New Semiparametric Finite Mixture Model-Based Adaptive arithmetic coding for Lossless Image Compression

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CIRCUITS SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 2016年第4期35卷 1163-1186页

作者： Masmoudi, Atef Masmoudi, Afif Puech, William Natl Engn Sch Sfax Lab Elect & Technol Informat Sfax Tunisia Univ Montpellier I CNRS UMR 5506 LIRMM F-34392 Montpellier 05 France Univ Sfax Fac Sci Sfax Lab Probabil & Stat Sfax Tunisia

In this paper, we propose a new approach for block-based lossless image compression by defining a new semiparametric finite mixture model-based adaptive arithmetic coding. Conventional adaptive arithmetic encoders start encoding a sequence of symbols with a uniform distribution, and they update the frequency of each symbol by incrementing its count after it has been encoded. When encoding an image row by row or block by block, conventional adaptive arithmetic encoders provide the same compression results. In addition, images are normally non-stationary signals, which means that different areas in an image have different probability distributions, so conventional adaptive arithmetic encoders which provide probabilities for the whole image are not very efficient. In the proposed compression scheme, an image is divided into non-overlapping blocks of pixels, which are separately encoded with an appropriate statistical model. Hence, instead of starting to encode each block with a uniform distribution, we propose to start with a probability distribution which is modeled by a semiparametric mixture obtained from the distributions of its neighboring blocks. The semiparametric model parameters are estimated through maximum likelihood using the expectation-maximization algorithm in order to maximize the arithmetic coding efficiency. The results of comparative experiments show that we provide significant improvements over conventional adaptive arithmetic encoders and the state-of-the-art lossless image compression standards.

关键词： arithmetic coding Semiparametric mixture models Expectation-maximization algorithm Lossless image compression

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arithmetic coding Based on Reflected Binary Codes 9

Arithmetic Coding Based on Reflected Binary Codes

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9th International Workshop on Signal Design and its Applications in Communications (IWSDA)

作者： Lin, Sian-Jheng Gao, Ziting Han, Yunghsiang S. Univ Sci & Technol China USTC Sch Informat Sci & Technol Hefei Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Electromagnet Space Informat Beijing Peoples R China Dongguan Univ Technol Sch Elect Engn & Intelligentizat Dongguan Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728116693

arithmetic coding is a lossless data compression technology on a sequence of symbols in independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) distributions. In this paper, we pointed out that the conventional arithmetic coding has the possibility of burst outputs between the encoder and the output buffer, and this brings up a number of potential risks. To solve this issue, we present a new arithmetic coding which encodes the output bitstream in reflected binary codes. The analysis shows that the proposed coding method can avoid the burst outputs during the encoding. The comparisons with Huffman codes, conventional arithmetic codes and Asymmetric numeral system are discussed. Simulations show that the proposed approach has better throughput performance than the conventional approach.

关键词： arithmetic coding burst outputs Gray codes

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arithmetic coding Based String Approximation 6

Arithmetic Coding Based String Approximation

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6th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions) (ICRITO)

作者： Sharma, Mayank Amity Univ Amity Inst Informat Technol Noida Uttar Pradesh India

ISBN: (纸本)9781509030125

arithmetic coding gives lowest range of entropy for any string computed form joint probability value of sub-strings of keyword. It is very much permissible to use this technique for mapping a large set of keywords to real values with in the range of [0;1]. This will create a space of search containing tag value range for keywords and mapped all the keywords to this space. In this paper a new string approximation technique is proposed, which is based on the arithmetic coding used for mapping the misspelled keyword to the tag value interval in a limited search space containing the nearest possible keywords against the misspelled keyword. Using such technique time for searching all the nearest keywords is dramatically reduced due to reduction of search space.

关键词： arithmetic coding String Approximation Probability Lowest Entropy

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arithmetic coding with adaptive context-tree weighting for the H.264 video coders

Arithmetic coding with adaptive context-tree weighting for t...

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Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing 2004

作者： Hong, D van der Schaar, M Pesquet-Popescu, B Columbia Univ Dept Elect Engn New York NY 10027 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819452114

We propose applying an adaptive context-tree weighting (CTW) method in the H.264 video coders. We first investigate two different ways to incorporating the CTW method into an H.264 coder and compare the coding effectiveness of using the method with that of using the context models specified in the H.264 standard. We then describe a novel approach for automatically adapting the CTW method based on the syntactic element to be coded and the encoding parameters. We show that our CTW-based arithmetic coding method yields similar or better compression results compared with the context-based adaptive arithmetic coding method used in H.264, without having to specify so many context models.

关键词： context-tree weighting H.264 arithmetic coding context modeling universal coding

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